TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Measuring a Changing Nation: Modern Methods for the 2000 Census SN - DO - 10.17226/6500 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6500/measuring-a-changing-nation-modern-methods-for-the-2000-census PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - This final report of the Panel on Alternative Census Methodologies provides an assessment of the Census Bureau's plans for the 2000 census as of the time of the 1998 census dress rehearsal. It examines changes in census plans following, and to a modest extent in reaction to, the panel's second interim report, regarding the use of sampling for nonresponse follow-up, construction of the master address file, use of multiple response modes and respondent-friendly questionnaires, and the use of administrative records. It also describes evaluation plans for the census dress rehearsal and plans for data collection and experimentation during the 2000 census. Most of the results from the dress rehearsal were not yet available to the panel, so this report does not offer any suggested changes to 2000 census plans in response to the dress rehearsal. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Michael L. Cohen A2 - Duane L. Steffey A2 - John E. Rolph TI - Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition: Background Papers SN - DO - 10.17226/9655 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9655/statistics-testing-and-defense-acquisition-background-papers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The Panel on Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems had a broad mandate—to examine the use of statistics in conjunction with defense testing. This involved examining methods for software testing, reliability test planning and estimation, validation of modeling and simulation, and use of modem techniques for experimental design. Given the breadth of these areas, including the great variety of applications and special issues that arise, making a contribution in each of these areas required that the Panel's work and recommendations be at a relatively general level. However, a variety of more specific research issues were either brought to the Panel's attention by members of the test and acquisition community, e.g., what was referred to as Dubin's challenge (addressed in the Panel's interim report), or were identified by members of the panel. In many of these cases the panel thought that a more in-depth analysis or a more detailed application of suggestions or recommendations made by the Panel would either be useful as input to its deliberations or could be used to help communicate more individual views of members of the Panel to the defense test community. This resulted in several research efforts. Given various criteria, especially immediate relevance to the test and acquisition community, the Panel has decided to make available three technical or background papers, each authored by a Panel member jointly with a colleague. These papers are individual contributions and are not a consensus product of the Panel; however, the Panel has drawn from these papers in preparation of its final report: Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition. The Panel has found each of these papers to be extremely useful and they are strongly recommended to readers of the Panel's final report. ER - TY - BOOK TI - (NAS Colloquium) Geology, Mineralogy, and Human Welfare DO - 10.17226/9470 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9470/nas-colloquium-geology-mineralogy-and-human-welfare PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences KW - Environment and Environmental Studies ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Research Council A2 - Alan Altshuler A2 - William Morrill A2 - Harold Wolman A2 - Faith Mitchell TI - Governance and Opportunity in Metropolitan America SN - DO - 10.17226/6038 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6038/governance-and-opportunity-in-metropolitan-america PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Industry and Labor AB - America's cities have symbolized the nation's prosperity, dynamism, and innovation. Even with the trend toward suburbanization, many central cities attract substantial new investment and employment. Within this profile of health, however, many urban areas are beset by problems of economic disparity, physical deterioration, and social distress. This volume addresses the condition of the city from the perspective of the larger metropolitan region. It offers important, thought-provoking perspectives on the structure of metropolitan-level decisionmaking, the disadvantages faced by cities and city residents, and expanding economic opportunity to all residents in a metropolitan area. The book provides data, real-world examples, and analyses in key areas: Distribution of metropolitan populations and what this means for city dwellers, suburbanites, whites, and minorities. How quality of life depends on the spatial structure of a community and how problems are based on inequalities in spatial opportunity—with a focus on the relationship between taxes and services. The role of the central city today, the rationale for revitalizing central cities, and city-suburban interdependence. The book includes papers that provide in-depth examinations of zoning policy in relation to patterns of suburban development; regionalism in transportation and air quality; the geography of economic and social opportunity; social stratification in metropolitan areas; and fiscal and service disparities within metropolitan areas. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Applying Advanced Information Systems to Ports and Waterways Management SN - DO - 10.17226/6451 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6451/applying-advanced-information-systems-to-ports-and-waterways-management PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Engineering and Technology KW - Computers and Information Technology AB - The future safety of maritime transportation in the United States—a major factor in the nation's international trade and economic well-being—will depend heavily on the quality of port and waterways information systems. Many U.S. ports and waterways lack adequate information services, although certain elements of advanced systems are now available in some locations. Barriers to improvements in information systems include the division of responsibilities for waterways management among multiple agencies at all levels of government, a lack of coordination among the federal agencies responsible for waterways management, inadequate budgets for some critical maritime programs, the high costs of some specialized technologies, stakeholder opposition to user fees, limited access to certain key data, the incompatibility of many independently developed systems, and the absence of standards for some attractive technologies. In this report, the second phase of a three-year study by the Committee on Maritime Advanced Information Systems of the National Research Council, a strategy is presented for overcoming the major barriers and deficiencies and providing a minimum level of maritime safety information nationwide. In this phase of the study, the committee concentrated on maritime information systems that promote safety, which is the area of greatest need. The committee did not examine in detail the relationship between navigation safety and maritime transportation efficiency or evaluate information systems that promote efficiency; the committee believes, however, that these issues deserve further attention. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of NASA's Distributed Active Archive Centers SN - DO - 10.17226/6396 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6396/review-of-nasas-distributed-active-archive-centers PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Space and Aeronautics KW - Earth Sciences ER - TY - BOOK TI - Meeting Research and Education Needs in Coastal Engineering SN - DO - 10.17226/9613 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9613/meeting-research-and-education-needs-in-coastal-engineering PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - After discussions with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Office of Naval Research, the National Research Council (NRC) convened a committee under the auspices of the Marine Board to examine present and anticipated national needs in coastal engineering research and education and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of existing institutions in meeting those needs. ER - TY - BOOK TI - An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Measurement and Standards Laboratories: Fiscal Year 1999 DO - 10.17226/9685 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9685/an-assessment-of-the-national-institute-of-standards-and-technology-measurement-and-standards-laboratories PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Downstream: Adaptive Management of Glen Canyon Dam and the Colorado River Ecosystem SN - DO - 10.17226/9590 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9590/downstream-adaptive-management-of-glen-canyon-dam-and-the-colorado PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center began long-term planning at its inception and, in May 1997, produced a Long-Term Monitoring and Research Strategic Plan that was adopted by stakeholder groups (the Adaptive Management Work Group and the Technical Work Group) later that year. The Center then requested the National Research Council's (NRC) Water Science and Technology Board to evaluate this plan. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus SN - DO - 10.17226/6445 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6445/assessment-of-future-scientific-needs-for-live-variola-virus PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - In 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared that smallpox had been eradicated. In 1986, WHO's international Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Virus Infections unanimously recommended destruction of the two remaining official stocks of variola virus, one at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the other at the VECTOR laboratory in Siberia. In June 1999, WHO decided to delay the destruction of these stocks. Informing that decision was Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Variola Virus, which examines: Whether the sequenced variola genome, vaccinia, and monkey pox virus are adequate for future research or whether the live variola virus itself is needed to assist in the development of antiviral therapies. What further benefits, if any, would likely be gained through the use of variola in research and development efforts related to agent detection, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. What unique potential benefits, if any, the study of variola would have in increasing our fundamental understanding of the biology, host-agent interactions, pathogenesis, and immune mechanisms of viral diseases. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Space Studies Board Annual Report 1998 DO - 10.17226/10075 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10075/space-studies-board-annual-report-1998 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK TI - Proceedings of the Workshop on Promoting Access to Scientific and Technical Data for the Public Interest: An Assessment of Policy Options DO - 10.17226/9693 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9693/proceedings-of-the-workshop-on-promoting-access-to-scientific-and-technical-data-for-the-public-interest PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Policy for Science and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - M. Susan Burns A2 - Peg Griffin A2 - Catherine E. Snow TI - Starting Out Right: A Guide to Promoting Children's Reading Success SN - DO - 10.17226/6014 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/6014/starting-out-right-a-guide-to-promoting-childrens-reading-success PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - A devastatingly large number of people in America cannot read as well as they need for success in life. With literacy problems plaguing as many as four in ten children in America, this book discusses how best to help children succeed in reading. This book identifies the most important questions and explores the authoritative answers on the topic of how children can grow into readers, including: What are the key elements all children need in order to become good readers? What can parents and caregivers provide all children so that they are prepared for reading instruction by the time that they get to school? What concepts about language and literacy should be included in beginning reading instruction? How can we prevent reading difficulties starting with infants and into the early grades? What to ask school boards, principals, elected officials, and other policy makers who make decisions regarding early reading instruction. You'll find out how to help youngsters build word recognition, avoid comprehension problems, and more—with checklists of specific accomplishments to be expected at different ages: for very young children, for kindergarten students, and for first, second, and third grade students. Included are 55 activities to do with children to help them become successful readers, a list of recommended children's books, and a guide to CD-ROMs and websites. Great strides have been made recently toward identifying the best ways to teach children to read. Starting Out Right provides a wealth of knowledge based on a summary of extensive research. It is a "must read" for specialists in primary education as well as parents, pediatricians, child care providers, tutors, literacy advocates, policy makers, and teachers. ER - TY - BOOK TI - (NAS Colloquium) Vision: From Photon to Perception DO - 10.17226/9965 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9965/nas-colloquium-vision-from-photon-to-perception PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biology and Life Sciences ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academy of Sciences TI - Biographical Memoirs: Volume 77 SN - DO - 10.17226/9681 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9681/biographical-memoirs-volume-77 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Biography and Autobiography AB - Biographic Memoirs: Volume 77 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Impact of Advances in Computing and Communications Technologies on Chemical Science and Technology: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/9591 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9591/impact-of-advances-in-computing-and-communications-technologies-on-chemical-science-and-technology PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The Chemical Sciences Roundtable provides a forum for discussing chemically related issues affecting government, industry and government. The goal is to strengthen the chemical sciences by foster communication among all the important stakeholders. At a recent Roundtable meeting, information technology was identified as an issue of increasing importance to all sectors of the chemical enterprise. This book is the result of a workshop convened to explore this topic. ER - TY - BOOK TI - Report on Draft 4 of the Standards: October 28, 1999 DO - 10.17226/9763 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9763/report-on-draft-4-of-the-standards-october-28-1999 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants: Volume 3 SN - DO - 10.17226/9645 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9645/toxicity-of-military-smokes-and-obscurants-volume-3 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Environment and Environmental Studies AB - A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants.The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities. ER - TY - BOOK A2 - Dennis Mileti TI - Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/5782 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/5782/disasters-by-design-a-reassessment-of-natural-hazards-in-the PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Explore Science KW - Earth Sciences KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Disasters by Design provides an alternative and sustainable way to view, study, and manage hazards in the United States that would result in disaster-resilient communities, higher environmental quality, inter- and intragenerational equity, economic sustainability, and improved quality of life. This volume provides an overview of what is known about natural hazards, disasters, recovery, and mitigation, how research findings have been translated into policies and programs; and a sustainable hazard mitigation research agenda. Also provided is an examination of past disaster losses and hazards management over the past 20 years, including factors—demographic, climate, social—that influence loss. This volume summarizes and sets the stage for the more detailed books in the series. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Science for Decisionmaking: Coastal and Marine Geology at the U.S. Geological Survey SN - DO - 10.17226/9665 PY - 1999 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9665/science-for-decisionmaking-coastal-and-marine-geology-at-the-us PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - The coastlines of the United States are beautiful places to live, work and play. But, they are also very fragile areas whose ecosystems are vulnerable to mismanagement. There are many complex issues facing the ocean science community at the federal, state and local levels—this report reflects the conclusions and recommendations of the National Academies drawing on discussions with USGS as well as input from potential users, clients and collaborators of the Coastal and Marine Geology Program. ER -