TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Joan McCord A2 - Cathy Spatz Widom A2 - Melissa I. Bamba A2 - Nancy A. Crowell TI - Education and Delinquency: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/9972 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9972/education-and-delinquency-summary-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The Panel on Juvenile Crime: Prevention, Treatment, and Control convened a workshop on October 2, 1998, to explore issues related to educational performance, school climate, school practices, learning, student motivation and commitment to school, and their relationship to delinquency. The workshop was designed to bring together researchers and practitioners with a broad range of perspectives on the relationship between such specific issues as school safety and academic achievement and the development of delinquent behavior. Education and Delinquency reviews recent research findings, identifies gaps in knowledge and promising areas of future research, and discusses the need for program evaluation and the integration of empirical research findings into program design. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jennifer Appleton Gootman TI - After-School Programs to Promote Child and Adolescent Development: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/9944 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9944/after-school-programs-to-promote-child-and-adolescent-development-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - This report summarizes the presentations and discussion at a workshop entitled Opportunities to Promote Child and Adolescent Development During the After-School Hours, convened on October 21, 1999. The workshop was organized by the Board on Children, Youth, and Families and its Forum on Adolescence of the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, with funding from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. This workshop brought together policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to examine research on the developmental needs of children and adolescents—ages 5 to 14 years—and the types of after-school programs designed to promote the health and development of these young people. Intended to provide a forum for discussion among the various stakeholders, the workshop did not generate conclusions about the types of programs that are most effective, nor did it generate specific recommendations about after-school programs or promote a particular approach. The workshop coincided with release of the Packard Foundation's fall 1999 issue of The Future of Children, entitled "When School Is Out." Focusing on after-school programs, the journal provided some context for the workshop, providing a backdrop for discussing the importance of after-school programs, the types of programs that exist across the country, and the policy climate that surrounds after-school programs. This report summarizes the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress SN - DO - 10.17226/9940 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9940/lc21-a-digital-strategy-for-the-library-of-congress PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Education AB - Digital information and networks challenge the core practices of libraries, archives, and all organizations with intensive information management needs in many respects—not only in terms of accommodating digital information and technology, but also through the need to develop new economic and organizational models for managing information. LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress discusses these challenges and provides recommendations for moving forward at the Library of Congress, the world's largest library. Topics covered in LC21 include digital collections, digital preservation, digital cataloging (metadata), strategic planning, human resources, and general management and budgetary issues. The book identifies and elaborates upon a clear theme for the Library of Congress that is applicable more generally: the digital age calls for much more collaboration and cooperation than in the past. LC21 demonstrates that information-intensive organizations will have to change in fundamental ways to survive and prosper in the digital age. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Brian D. Smedley A2 - S. Leonard Syme TI - Promoting Health: Intervention Strategies from Social and Behavioral Research SN - DO - 10.17226/9939 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9939/promoting-health-intervention-strategies-from-social-and-behavioral-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - At the dawn of the twenty-first century, Americans enjoyed better overall health than at any other time in the nation's history. Rapid advancements in medical technologies, breakthroughs in understanding the genetic underpinnings of health and ill health, improvements in the effectiveness and variety of pharmaceuticals, and other developments in biomedical research have helped develop cures for many illnesses and improve the lives of those with chronic diseases. By itself, however, biomedical research cannot address the most significant challenges to improving public health. Approximately half of all causes of mortality in the United States are linked to social and behavioral factors such as smoking, diet, alcohol use, sedentary lifestyle, and accidents. Yet less than five percent of the money spent annually on U.S. health care is devoted to reducing the risks of these preventable conditions. Behavioral and social interventions offer great promise, but as yet their potential has been relatively poorly tapped. Promoting Health identifies those promising areas of social science and behavioral research that may address public health needs. It includes 12 papers—commissioned from some of the nation's leading experts—that review these issues in detail, and serves to assess whether the knowledge base of social and behavioral interventions has been useful, or could be useful, in the development of broader public health interventions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jack P. Shonkoff A2 - Deborah A. Phillips A2 - Bonnie Keilty TI - Early Childhood Intervention: Views from the Field: Report of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/9858 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9858/early-childhood-intervention-views-from-the-field-report-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - On June 24-25, 1999, the Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families of the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop for researchers and practitioners to examine the underlying knowledge base that informs current best practices in early childhood services, from the prenatal period to school entry. Early Childhood Intervention discusses the diversity of working assumptions, theories of change, and views about child development and early intervention that currently shape a wide variety of social policies and service delivery systems for young children and their families. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Mary G. Graham TI - Sleep Needs, Patterns, and Difficulties of Adolescents: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/9941 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9941/sleep-needs-patterns-and-difficulties-of-adolescents-summary-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Sleep is not only a biological necessity but also a physiological drive. In today's fast-paced world, though, a good night's sleep is often the first thing to go. The effects of inadequate sleep are more than mere annoyances: they affect our mood and how we perform at school, work, and home and behind the wheel. Lost sleep also accumulates over time; the more "sleep debt" an individual incurs, the greater the negative consequences, according to researchers in the field. Research on adolescents and sleep has been under way for more than two decades, and there is growing evidence that adolescents are developmentally vulnerable to sleep difficulties. To discuss current research in this area and its implications in the policy, public, health, and educational arenas, the Forum on Adolescence of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families held a workshop, entitled Sleep Needs, Patterns, and Difficulties of Adolescents, on September 22, 1999. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Informing the Future: Critical Issues in Health DO - 10.17226/10059 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10059/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Improving Intergroup Relations Among Youth: Summary of a Research Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/9754 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9754/improving-intergroup-relations-among-youth-summary-of-a-research-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - On November 9-10, 1998, the Forum on Adolescence of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families, a cross-cutting initiative of the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, convened a workshop entitled Research to Improve Intergroup Relations Among Youth. Held at the request of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, this workshop considered selected findings of 16 research projects that have focused on intergroup relations among children and adolescents; all 16 received funding from Carnegie Corporation of New York for their work on this issue. The funding of these projects was part of a larger research initiative supported by Carnegie Corporation of New York that sought to update and expand the knowledge, sources, and dynamics of racial and ethnic prejudice among youth, identifying approaches to foster intergroup understanding. Improving Intergroup Relations Among Youth is the summary of the workshop, which provided an opportunity to learn about the work and preliminary findings of the 16 projects. This report reviews the knowledge base regarding the effectiveness of interventions designed to promote peaceful, respectful relations among youth of different ethnic groups. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Jack P. Shonkoff A2 - Deborah A. Phillips TI - From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development SN - DO - 10.17226/9824 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9824/from-neurons-to-neighborhoods-the-science-of-early-childhood-development PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Education AB - How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development—in the womb and in the first months and years—have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate—family, child care, community—within which the child grows. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - Paul C. Stern A2 - Daniel Druckman TI - International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War SN - DO - 10.17226/9897 PY - 2000 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/9897/international-conflict-resolution-after-the-cold-war PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The end of the Cold War has changed the shape of organized violence in the world and the ways in which governments and others try to set its limits. Even the concept of international conflict is broadening to include ethnic conflicts and other kinds of violence within national borders that may affect international peace and security. What is not yet clear is whether or how these changes alter the way actors on the world scene should deal with conflict: Do the old methods still work? Are there new tools that could work better? How do old and new methods relate to each other? International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War critically examines evidence on the effectiveness of a dozen approaches to managing or resolving conflict in the world to develop insights for conflict resolution practitioners. It considers recent applications of familiar conflict management strategies, such as the use of threats of force, economic sanctions, and negotiation. It presents the first systematic assessments of the usefulness of some less familiar approaches to conflict resolution, including truth commissions, "engineered" electoral systems, autonomy arrangements, and regional organizations. It also opens up analysis of emerging issues, such as the dilemmas facing humanitarian organizations in complex emergencies. This book offers numerous practical insights and raises key questions for research on conflict resolution in a transforming world system. ER -