%0 Book %A National Research Council %E Koenig, Judith Anderson %E Bachman, Lyle F. %T Keeping Score for All: The Effects of Inclusion and Accommodation Policies on Large-Scale Educational Assessments %@ 978-0-309-09253-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11029/keeping-score-for-all-the-effects-of-inclusion-and-accommodation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11029/keeping-score-for-all-the-effects-of-inclusion-and-accommodation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 150 %X U.S. public schools are responsible for educating large numbers of English language learners and students with disabilities. This book considers policies for including students with disabilities and English language learners in assessment programs. It also examines the research findings on testing accommodations and their effect on test performance. Keeping Score for All discusses the comparability of states’ policies with each other and with the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) policies and explores the impact of these differences on the interpretations of NAEP results. The book presents a critical review of the research literature and makes suggestions for future research to evaluate the validity of test scores obtained under accommodated conditions. The book concludes by proposing a new framework for conceptualizing accommodations. This framework would be useful both for policymakers, test designers, and practitioners in determining appropriate accommodations for specific assessments and for researchers in planning validity studies. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Redesigning the U.S. Naturalization Tests: Interim Report %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11168/redesigning-the-us-naturalization-tests-interim-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11168/redesigning-the-us-naturalization-tests-interim-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K %P 41 %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %T Engaging Schools: Fostering High School Students' Motivation to Learn %@ 978-0-309-08435-2 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10421/engaging-schools-fostering-high-school-students-motivation-to-learn %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10421/engaging-schools-fostering-high-school-students-motivation-to-learn %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 302 %X When it comes to motivating people to learn, disadvantaged urban adolescents are usually perceived as a hard sell. Yet, in a recent MetLife survey, 89 percent of the low-income students claimed “I really want to learn” applied to them. What is it about the school environment—pedagogy, curriculum, climate, organization—that encourages or discourages engagement in school activities? How do peers, family, and community affect adolescents’ attitudes towards learning? Engaging Schools reviews current research on what shapes adolescents’ school engagement and motivation to learn—including new findings on students’ sense of belonging—and looks at ways these can be used to reform urban high schools. This book discusses what changes hold the greatest promise for increasing students’ motivation to learn in these schools. It looks at various approaches to reform through different methods of instruction and assessment, adjustments in school size, vocational teaching, and other key areas. Examples of innovative schools, classrooms, and out-of-school programs that have proved successful in getting high school kids excited about learning are also included. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Nielsen-Bohlman, Lynn %E Panzer, Allison M. %E Kindig, David A. %T Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion %@ 978-0-309-28332-8 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10883/health-literacy-a-prescription-to-end-confusion %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10883/health-literacy-a-prescription-to-end-confusion %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 366 %X To maintain their own health and the health of their families and communities, consumers rely heavily on the health information that is available to them. This information is at the core of the partnerships that patients and their families forge with today’s complex modern health systems. This information may be provided in a variety of forms – ranging from a discussion between a patient and a health care provider to a health promotion advertisement, a consent form, or one of many other forms of health communication common in our society. Yet millions of Americans cannot understand or act upon this information. To address this problem, the field of health literacy brings together research and practice from diverse fields including education, health services, and social and cultural sciences, and the many organizations whose actions can improve or impede health literacy. Health Literacy: Prescription to End Confusion examines the body of knowledge that applies to the field of health literacy, and recommends actions to promote a health literate society. By examining the extent of limited health literacy and the ways to improve it, we can improve the health of individuals and populations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Donovan, M. Suzanne %E Pellegrino, James W. %T Learning and Instruction: A SERP Research Agenda %@ 978-0-309-09081-0 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10858/learning-and-instruction-a-serp-research-agenda %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10858/learning-and-instruction-a-serp-research-agenda %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 206 %X The Strategic Education Research Partnership (SERP) is a bold, ambitious plan that proposes a revolutionary program of education research and development. Its purpose is to construct a powerful knowledge base, derived from both research and practice, that will support the efforts of teachers, school administrators, colleges of education, and policy officials—with the ultimate goal of significantly improving student learning. The proposals in this book have the potential to substantially improve the knowledge base that supports teaching and learning by pursuing answers to questions at the core of teaching practices. It calls for the linking of research and development, including instructional programs, assessment tools, teacher education programs, and materials. Best of all, the book provides a solid framework for a program of research and development that will be genuinely useful to classroom teachers. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Ploeg, Michele Ver %E Perrin, Edward %T Eliminating Health Disparities: Measurement and Data Needs %@ 978-0-309-09231-9 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10979/eliminating-health-disparities-measurement-and-data-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10979/eliminating-health-disparities-measurement-and-data-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 310 %X Disparities in health and health care across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States are well documented. The reasons for these disparities are, however, not well understood. Current data available on race, ethnicity, SEP, and accumulation and language use are severely limited. The report examines data collection and reporting systems relating to the collection of data on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic position and offers recommendations. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Gulf War and Health: Updated Literature Review of Sarin %@ 978-0-309-09294-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11064/gulf-war-and-health-updated-literature-review-of-sarin %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11064/gulf-war-and-health-updated-literature-review-of-sarin %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 132 %X The Gulf War in 1990-1991 was considered a brief and successful military operation, with few injuries or deaths of US troops. The war began in August 1990, and the last US ground troops returned home by June 1991. Although most Gulf War veterans resumed their normal activities, many soon began reporting a variety of nonexplained health problems that they attributed to their participation in the Gulf War, including chronic fatigue, muscle and joint pain, loss of concentration, forgetfulness, headache, and rash. Because of concerns about the veterans' health problems, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) review the scientific and medical literature on the long-term adverse health effects of agents to which the Gulf War veterans may have been exposed. This report is a broad overview of the toxicology of sarin and cyclosarin. It assesses the biologic plausibility with respect to the compounds in question and health effects. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Esanu, Julie M. %E Uhlir, Paul F. %T Open Access and the Public Domain in Digital Data and Information for Science: Proceedings of an International Symposium %@ 978-0-309-09145-9 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11030/open-access-and-the-public-domain-in-digital-data-and-information-for-science %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11030/open-access-and-the-public-domain-in-digital-data-and-information-for-science %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Computers and Information Technology %P 195 %X This symposium, which was held on March 10-11, 2003, at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, brought together policy experts and managers from the government and academic sectors in both developed and developing countries to (1) describe the role, value, and limits that the public domain and open access to digital data and information have in the context of international research; (2) identify and analyze the various legal, economic, and technological pressures on the public domain in digital data and information, and their potential effects on international research; and (3) review the existing and proposed approaches for preserving and promoting the public domain and open access to scientific and technical data and information on a global basis, with particular attention to the needs of developing countries. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Individual Differences and the "High-Risk" Commercial Driver %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13770/individual-differences-and-the-high-risk-commercial-driver %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13770/individual-differences-and-the-high-risk-commercial-driver %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 94 %X TRB's Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 4: Individual Differences and the “High-Risk” Commercial Driver explores individual differences among commercial drivers, particularly as these differences relate to the “high-risk” commercial driver. The synthesis identifies factors relating to commercial vehicle crash risk and assesses ways that the high-risk driver can be targeted by various safety programs and practices, at both fleet- and industry-wide levels. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Biographical Memoirs: Volume 84 %@ 978-0-309-08957-9 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10992/biographical-memoirs-volume-84 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10992/biographical-memoirs-volume-84 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 423 %X Biographic Memoirs Volume 84 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Field, Marilyn J. %E Behrman, Richard E. %T Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children %@ 978-0-309-09181-7 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10958/ethical-conduct-of-clinical-research-involving-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10958/ethical-conduct-of-clinical-research-involving-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 445 %X In recent decades, advances in biomedical research have helped save or lengthen the lives of children around the world. With improved therapies, child and adolescent mortality rates have decreased significantly in the last half century. Despite these advances, pediatricians and others argue that children have not shared equally with adults in biomedical advances. Even though we want children to benefit from the dramatic and accelerating rate of progress in medical care that has been fueled by scientific research, we do not want to place children at risk of being harmed by participating in clinical studies. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children considers the necessities and challenges of this type of research and reviews the ethical and legal standards for conducting it. It also considers problems with the interpretation and application of these standards and conduct, concluding that while children should not be excluded from potentially beneficial clinical studies, some research that is ethically permissible for adults is not acceptable for children, who usually do not have the legal capacity or maturity to make informed decisions about research participation. The book looks at the need for appropriate pediatric expertise at all stages of the design, review, and conduct of a research project to effectively implement policies to protect children. It argues persuasively that a robust system for protecting human research participants in general is a necessary foundation for protecting child research participants in particular. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Cohen, Michael L. %E King, Benjamin F. %T Reengineering the 2010 Census: Risks and Challenges %@ 978-0-309-09189-3 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10959/reengineering-the-2010-census-risks-and-challenges %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10959/reengineering-the-2010-census-risks-and-challenges %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 291 %X At the request of the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Research Council’s Committee on National Statistics established the Panel on Research on Future Census Methods to review the early planning process for the 2010 census. This new report documents the panel’s strong support for the major aims of the Census Bureau’s emerging plan for 2010. At the same time, it notes the considerable challenges that must be overcome if the bureau’s innovations are to be successful. The panel agrees with the Census Bureau that implementation of the American Community Survey and, with it, the separation of the long form from the census process are excellent concepts. Moreover, it concurs that the critically important Master Address File and TIGER geographic systems are in dire need of comprehensive updating and that new technologies have the potential to improve the accuracy of the count. The report identifies the risks and rewards of these and other components of the Census Bureau’s plan. The report emphasizes the need for the bureau to link its research and evaluation efforts much more closely to operational planning and the importance of funding for a comprehensive and rigorous testing program before 2010. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %E Phimister, James R. %E Bier, Vicki M. %E Kunreuther, Howard C. %T Accident Precursor Analysis and Management: Reducing Technological Risk Through Diligence %@ 978-0-309-09216-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11061/accident-precursor-analysis-and-management-reducing-technological-risk-through-diligence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11061/accident-precursor-analysis-and-management-reducing-technological-risk-through-diligence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 220 %X In the aftermath of catastrophes, it is common to find prior indicators, missed signals, and dismissed alerts that, had they been recognized and appropriately managed before the event, could have resulted in the undesired event being averted. These indicators are typically called "precursors." Accident Precursor Analysis and Management: Reducing Technological Risk Through Diligence documents various industrial and academic approaches to detecting, analyzing, and benefiting from accident precursors and examines public-sector and private-sector roles in the collection and use of precursor information. The book includes the analysis, findings and recommendations of the authoring NAE committee as well as eleven individually authored background papers on the opportunity of precursor analysis and management, risk assessment, risk management, and linking risk assessment and management. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Smedley, Brian D. %E Butler, Adrienne Stith %E Bristow, Lonnie R. %T In the Nation's Compelling Interest: Ensuring Diversity in the Health-Care Workforce %@ 978-0-309-09125-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10885/in-the-nations-compelling-interest-ensuring-diversity-in-the-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10885/in-the-nations-compelling-interest-ensuring-diversity-in-the-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 429 %X The United States is rapidly transforming into one of the most racially and ethnically diverse nations in the world. Groups commonly referred to as minorities--including Asian Americans, Pacific Islanders, African Americans, Hispanics, American Indians, and Alaska Natives--are the fastest growing segments of the population and emerging as the nation's majority. Despite the rapid growth of racial and ethnic minority groups, their representation among the nation’s health professionals has grown only modestly in the past 25 years. This alarming disparity has prompted the recent creation of initiatives to increase diversity in health professions. In the Nation's Compelling Interest considers the benefits of greater racial and ethnic diversity, and identifies institutional and policy-level mechanisms to garner broad support among health professions leaders, community members, and other key stakeholders to implement these strategies. Assessing the potential benefits of greater racial and ethnic diversity among health professionals will improve the access to and quality of healthcare for all Americans. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Confrey, Jere %E Stohl, Vicki %T On Evaluating Curricular Effectiveness: Judging the Quality of K-12 Mathematics Evaluations %@ 978-0-309-09242-5 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11025/on-evaluating-curricular-effectiveness-judging-the-quality-of-k-12 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11025/on-evaluating-curricular-effectiveness-judging-the-quality-of-k-12 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 288 %X This book reviews the evaluation research literature that has accumulated around 19 K-12 mathematics curricula and breaks new ground in framing an ambitious and rigorous approach to curriculum evaluation that has relevance beyond mathematics. The committee that produced this book consisted of mathematicians, mathematics educators, and methodologists who began with the following charge: Evaluate the quality of the evaluations of the thirteen National Science Foundation (NSF)-supported and six commercially generated mathematics curriculum materials; Determine whether the available data are sufficient for evaluating the efficacy of these materials, and if not; Develop recommendations about the design of a project that could result in the generation of more reliable and valid data for evaluating such materials. The committee collected, reviewed, and classified almost 700 studies, solicited expert testimony during two workshops, developed an evaluation framework, established dimensions/criteria for three methodologies (content analyses, comparative studies, and case studies), drew conclusions on the corpus of studies, and made recommendations for future research. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Citro, Constance F. %E Cork, Daniel L. %E Norwood, Janet L. %T The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity %@ 978-0-309-09141-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10907/the-2000-census-counting-under-adversity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10907/the-2000-census-counting-under-adversity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 621 %X The decennial census was the federal government’s largest and most complex peacetime operation. This report of a panel of the National Research Council’s Committee on National Statistics comprehensively reviews the conduct of the 2000 census and the quality of the resulting data. The panel’s findings cover the planning process for 2000, which was marked by an atmosphere of intense controversy about the proposed role of statistical techniques in the census enumeration and possible adjustment for errors in counting the population. The report addresses the success and problems of major innovations in census operations, the completeness of population coverage in 2000, and the quality of both the basic demographic data collected from all census respondents and the detailed socioeconomic data collected from the census long-form sample (about one-sixth of the population). The panel draws comparisons with the 1990 experience and recommends improvements in the planning process and design for 2010. The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity will be an invaluable resource for users of the 2000 data and for policymakers and census planners. It provides a trove of information about the issues that have fueled debate about the census process and about the operations and quality of the nation’s twenty-second decennial enumeration. %0 Book %E Dowling, John E. %T The Great Brain Debate: Nature or Nurture? %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11004/the-great-brain-debate-nature-or-nurture %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11004/the-great-brain-debate-nature-or-nurture %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 198 %X How much of our behavior is determined by our genes and how much by our environment? Fiercely debated but not fully resolved, we continue to grapple with this nature-vs.-nurture question. But data from the study of the developing and adult brain are providing us with new ways of thinking about this issue – ways that, finally, promise answers. Whether our personality, our intelligence, and our behavior are more likely to be shaped and affected by our environment or our genetic coding is not simply an idle question for today’s researchers. There are tremendous consequences to understanding the crucial role that each plays. How we raise and educate our children, how we treat various mental diseases or conditions, how we care for our elderly – these are just some of the issues that can be informed by a better and more complete understanding of brain development. John Dowling, eminent neuroscience researcher, looks at these and other important issues. The work that is being done by scientists on the connection between the brain and vision, as well as the ways in which our brains help us learn new languages, are particularly revealing. From this groundbreaking new research we are able to gain startling new insights into how the brain functions and how it can (or cannot) be molded and changed. By studying the brain across the spectrum of our lives, from infancy through adulthood and into old age, we see how the brain develops, transforms, and adjusts through the years. Looking specifically at early development and then at the opportunities for additional learning and development as we grow older, we learn more about the ways in which both nature and nurture play key roles over the course of a human lifetime. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Cuff, Patricia A. %E Vanselow, Neal %T Improving Medical Education: Enhancing the Behavioral and Social Science Content of Medical School Curricula %@ 978-0-309-09142-8 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10956/improving-medical-education-enhancing-the-behavioral-and-social-science-content %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10956/improving-medical-education-enhancing-the-behavioral-and-social-science-content %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 168 %X Roughly half of all deaths in the United States are linked to behavioral and social factors. The leading causes of preventable death and disease in the United States are smoking, sedentary lifestyle, along with poor dietary habits, and alcohol consumption. To make measurable improvements in the health of Americans, physicians must be equipped with the knowledge and skills from the behavioral and social sciences needed to recognize, understand, and effectively respond to patients as individuals, not just to their symptoms. What are medical schools teaching students about the behavioral and social sciences? In the report, the committee concluded that there is inadequate information available to sufficiently describe behavioral and social science curriculum content, teaching techniques, and assessment methodologies in U.S. medical schools and recommends development of a new national behavioral and social science database. The committee also recommended that the National Board of Medical Examiners ensure that the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination adequately cover the behavioral and social science subject matter recommended in this report. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Anderson, Norman B. %E Bulatao, Rodolfo A. %E Cohen, Barney %T Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life %@ 978-0-309-09211-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11086/critical-perspectives-on-racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-health-in-late-life %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11086/critical-perspectives-on-racial-and-ethnic-differences-in-health-in-late-life %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 752 %X In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good--or equally poor--health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Review of Travel Demand Modeling by the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments: Second Letter Report %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22067/review-of-travel-demand-modeling-by-the-metropolitan-washington-council-of-governments-second-letter-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22067/review-of-travel-demand-modeling-by-the-metropolitan-washington-council-of-governments-second-letter-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X The TRB Committee for Review of Travel Demand Modeling by the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments has issued the second of two letter reports to the National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board (TPB). This report reviews TPB’s proposed direction of future travel demand model upgrades. The first report reviewed performance of the TPB's travel forecasting model and processes for estimating mobile source emissions.Appendix A %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Liverman, Catharyn T. %E Blazer, Dan G. %T Testosterone and Aging: Clinical Research Directions %@ 978-0-309-09063-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10852/testosterone-and-aging-clinical-research-directions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10852/testosterone-and-aging-clinical-research-directions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 238 %X Popular culture often equates testosterone with virility, strength, and the macho male physique. Viewed by some as an “antiaging tonic,” testosterone’s reputation and increased use by men of all ages in the United States have outpaced the scientific evidence about its potential benefits and risks. In particular there has been growing concern about an increase in the number of middle-aged and older men using testosterone and the lack of scientific data on the effect it may have on aging males. Studies of testosterone replacement therapy in older men have generally been of short duration, involving small numbers of participants and often lacking adequate controls. Testosterone and Aging weighs the options of future research directions, examines the risks and benefits of testosterone replacement therapy, assesses the potential public health impact of such therapy in the United States, and considers ethical issues related to the conduct of clinical trials. Testosterone therapy remains an attractive option to many men even as speculation abounds regarding its potential. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T The Mathematical Sciences' Role in Homeland Security: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-09035-3 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10940/the-mathematical-sciences-role-in-homeland-security-proceedings-of-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10940/the-mathematical-sciences-role-in-homeland-security-proceedings-of-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %K Surveys and Statistics %P 576 %X Mathematical sciences play a key role in many important areas of Homeland Security including data mining and image analysis and voice recognition for intelligence analysis, encryption and decryption for intelligence gathering and computer security, detection and epidemiology of bioterriost attacks to determine their scope, and data fusion to analyze information coming from simultaneously from several sources. This report presents the results of a workshop focusing on mathematical methods and techniques for addressing these areas. The goal of the workshop is to help mathematical scientists and policy makers understand the connections between mathematical sciences research and these homeland security applications. %0 Book %E Parson, Ann B. %T The Proteus Effect: Stem Cells and Their Promise for Medicine %@ 978-0-309-09737-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11003/the-proteus-effect-stem-cells-and-their-promise-for-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11003/the-proteus-effect-stem-cells-and-their-promise-for-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %P 312 %X Stem cells could be the key that unlocks cures to scores of diseases and illnesses. Their story is at once compelling, controversial, and remarkable. Part detective story, part medical history, The Proteus Effect recounts the events leading up to the discovery of stem cells and their incredible potential for the future of medicine. What exactly are these biological wonders – these things called stem cells? They may be tiny, but their impact is earth shaking, generating excitement among medical researchers – and outright turmoil in political circles. They are reported to be nothing short of miraculous. But they have also incited fear and mistrust in many. Indeed, recent research on stem cells raises important questions as rapidly as it generates new discoveries. The power of stem cells rests in their unspecialized but marvelously flexible nature. They are the clay of life waiting for the cellular signal that will coax them into taking on the shape of the beating cells of the heart muscle or the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. With a wave of our medical magic wand, it’s possible that stem cells could be used to effectively treat (even cure) diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, heart disease, autoimmune disorders, and even baldness. But should scientists be allowed to pick apart four-day-old embryos in order to retrieve stem cells? And when stem cells whisper to us of immortality – they can divide and perpetuate new cells indefinitely – how do we respond? Stem cells are forcing us to not only reexamine how we define the beginning of life but how we come to terms with the end of life as well. Meticulously researched, artfully balanced, and engagingly told, Ann Parson chronicles a scientific discovery in progress, exploring the ethical debates, describing the current research, and hinting of a spectacular new era in medicine. The Proteus Effect is as timely as it is riveting. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A National Academy of Engineering %T Urbanization, Energy, and Air Pollution in China: The Challenges Ahead: Proceedings of a Symposium %@ 978-0-309-09323-1 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11192/urbanization-energy-and-air-pollution-in-china-the-challenges-ahead %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11192/urbanization-energy-and-air-pollution-in-china-the-challenges-ahead %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Energy and Energy Conservation %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 308 %X In October 2003, a group of experts met in Beijing under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Engineering, and National Academy of Engineering (NAE)/National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies to continue a dialogue and eventually chart a rational course of energy use in China. This collection of papers is intended to introduce the reader to the complicated problems of urban air pollution and energy choices in China. %0 Book %E Bruce, Colin %T Schrodinger's Rabbits: The Many Worlds of Quantum %@ 978-0-309-54658-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11002/schrodingers-rabbits-the-many-worlds-of-quantum %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11002/schrodingers-rabbits-the-many-worlds-of-quantum %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Explore Science %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 282 %X For the better part of a century, attempts to explain what was really going on in the quantum world seemed doomed to failure. But recent technological advances have made the question both practical and urgent. A brilliantly imaginative group of physicists at Oxford University have risen to the challenge. This is their story. At long last, there is a sensible way to think about quantum mechanics. The new view abolishes the need to believe in randomness, long-range spooky forces, or conscious observers with mysterious powers to collapse cats into a state of life or death. But the new understanding comes at a price: we must accept that we live in a multiverse wherein countless versions of reality unfold side-by-side. The philosophical and personal consequences of this are awe-inspiring. The new interpretation has allowed imaginative physicists to conceive of wonderful new technologies: measuring devices that effectively share information between worlds and computers that can borrow the power of other worlds to perform calculations. Step by step, the problems initially associated with the original many-worlds formulation have been addressed and answered so that a clear but startling new picture has emerged. Just as Copenhagen was the centre of quantum discussion a lifetime ago, so Oxford has been the epicenter of the modern debate, with such figures as Roger Penrose and Anton Zeilinger fighting for single-world views, and David Deutsch, Lev Vaidman and a host of others for many-worlds. An independent physicist living in Oxford, Bruce has had a ringside seat to the debate. In his capable hands, we understand why the initially fantastic sounding many-worlds view is not only a useful way to look at things, but logically compelling. Parallel worlds are as real as the distant galaxies detected by the Hubble Space Telescope, even though the evidence for their existence may consist only of a few photons. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Blank, Rebecca M. %E Dabady, Marilyn %E Citro, Constance F. %T Measuring Racial Discrimination %@ 978-0-309-46923-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10887/measuring-racial-discrimination %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10887/measuring-racial-discrimination %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 334 %X Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discrimination—pervasive and open denial of civil, social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. Today, large differences among racial and ethnic groups continue to exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, criminal justice, health, and other areas. While many factors may contribute to such differences, their size and extent suggest that various forms of discriminatory treatment persist in U.S. society and serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunity. Measuring Racial Discrimination considers the definition of race and racial discrimination, reviews the existing techniques used to measure racial discrimination, and identifies new tools and areas for future research. The book conducts a thorough evaluation of current methodologies for a wide range of circumstances in which racial discrimination may occur, and makes recommendations on how to better assess the presence and effects of discrimination. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Forging a Poison Prevention and Control System %@ 978-0-309-09194-7 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10971/forging-a-poison-prevention-and-control-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10971/forging-a-poison-prevention-and-control-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 368 %X Poisoning is a far more serious health problem in the U.S. than has generally been recognized. It is estimated that more than 4 million poisoning episodes occur annually, with approximately 300,000 cases leading to hospitalization. The field of poison prevention provides some of the most celebrated examples of successful public health interventions, yet surprisingly the current poison control “system” is little more than a loose network of poison control centers, poorly integrated into the larger spheres of public health. To increase their effectiveness, efforts to reduce poisoning need to be linked to a national agenda for public health promotion and injury prevention. Forging a Poison Prevention and Control System recommends a future poison control system with a strong public health infrastructure, a national system of regional poison control centers, federal funding to support core poison control activities, and a national poison information system to track major poisoning epidemics and possible acts of bioterrorism. This framework provides a complete “system” that could offer the best poison prevention and patient care services to meet the needs of the nation in the 21st century. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Science and Technology in Armenia: Toward a Knowledge-Based Economy %@ 978-0-309-09278-4 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11107/science-and-technology-in-armenia-toward-a-knowledge-based-economy %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11107/science-and-technology-in-armenia-toward-a-knowledge-based-economy %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Industry and Labor %P 135 %X An NRC ad hoc committee analyzed the current status and future development potential of Armenia's science and technology base, including human and infrastructural resources and research and educational capabilities. The committee identified those fields and institutions offering promising opportunities for contributing to economic and social development, and particularly institutions having unique and important capabilities, worthy of support from international financial institutions, private investment sources, and the Armenian and U.S. governments. The scope of the study included both pure and applied research as well as education in science-related fields. The committee's report addresses the existing capacity of state and private research institutions, higher education capabilities and trends, scientific funding sources, innovative investment models, relevant success stories, factors hindering development of the science sector, potential domestic Armenian customers for scientific results and products, and opportunities for regional scientific collaboration. An Armenian language version of the report is also available. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Damp Indoor Spaces and Health %@ 978-0-309-09193-0 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11011/damp-indoor-spaces-and-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11011/damp-indoor-spaces-and-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 368 %X Almost all homes, apartments, and commercial buildings will experience leaks, flooding, or other forms of excessive indoor dampness at some point. Not only is excessive dampness a health problem by itself, it also contributes to several other potentially problematic types of situations. Molds and other microbial agents favor damp indoor environments, and excess moisture may initiate the release of chemical emissions from damaged building materials and furnishings. This new book from the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health covers a broad range of topics. The book not only examines the relationship between damp or moldy indoor environments and adverse health outcomes but also discusses how and where buildings get wet, how dampness influences microbial growth and chemical emissions, ways to prevent and remediate dampness, and elements of a public health response to the issues. A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, coughing, wheezing, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons. This important book will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of science, health, engineering, and building professionals, government officials, and members of the public. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Effective Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13694/effective-methods-for-environmental-justice-assessment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13694/effective-methods-for-environmental-justice-assessment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 366 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 532: Effective Methods for Environmental Justice Assessment is designed to enhance understanding and to facilitate consideration and incorporation of environmental justice into all elements of the transportation planning process, from long-range transportation systems planning through priority programming, project development, and policy decisions. The report offers practitioners an analytical framework to facilitate comprehensive assessments of a proposed transportation project’s impacts on affected populations and communities. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Burland, Donald M. %E Doyle, Michael P. %E Rogers, Michael E. %E Masciangioli, Tina M. %T Preparing Chemists and Chemical Engineers for a Globally Oriented Workforce: A Workshop Report to the Chemical Sciences Roundtable %@ 978-0-309-09203-6 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11059/preparing-chemists-and-chemical-engineers-for-a-globally-oriented-workforce %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11059/preparing-chemists-and-chemical-engineers-for-a-globally-oriented-workforce %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 90 %X Globalization—the flow of people, goods, services, capital, and technology across international borders—is significantly impacting the chemistry and chemical engineering professions. Chemical companies are seeking new ideas, a trained workforce, and new market opportunities regardless of geographic location. During an October 2003 workshop, leaders in chemistry and chemical engineering from industry, academia, government, and private funding organizations explored the implications of an increasingly global research environment for the chemistry and chemical engineering workforce. The workshop presentations described deficiencies in the current educational system and the need to create and sustain a globally aware workforce in the near future. The goal of the workshop was to inform the Chemical Sciences Roundtable, which provides a science-oriented, apolitical forum for leaders in the chemical sciences to discuss chemically related issues affecting government, industry, and universities. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Page, Ann %T Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment of Nurses %@ 978-0-309-18736-7 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10851/keeping-patients-safe-transforming-the-work-environment-of-nurses %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10851/keeping-patients-safe-transforming-the-work-environment-of-nurses %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Education %P 484 %X Building on the revolutionary Institute of Medicine reports To Err is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Keeping Patients Safe lays out guidelines for improving patient safety by changing nurses' working conditions and demands. Licensed nurses and unlicensed nursing assistants are critical participants in our national effort to protect patients from health care errors. The nature of the activities nurses typically perform – monitoring patients, educating home caretakers, performing treatments, and rescuing patients who are in crisis – provides an indispensable resource in detecting and remedying error-producing defects in the U.S. health care system. During the past two decades, substantial changes have been made in the organization and delivery of health care – and consequently in the job description and work environment of nurses. As patients are increasingly cared for as outpatients, nurses in hospitals and nursing homes deal with greater severity of illness. Problems in management practices, employee deployment, work and workspace design, and the basic safety culture of health care organizations place patients at further risk. This newest edition in the groundbreaking Institute of Medicine Quality Chasm series discusses the key aspects of the work environment for nurses and reviews the potential improvements in working conditions that are likely to have an impact on patient safety. %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Bonnie, Richard J. %E O'Connell, Mary Ellen %T Reducing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility %@ 978-0-309-08935-7 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10729/reducing-underage-drinking-a-collective-responsibility %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10729/reducing-underage-drinking-a-collective-responsibility %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 760 %X Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks – and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Terrorism: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Improving Responses: U.S.-Russian Workshop Proceedings %@ 978-0-309-08971-5 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10968/terrorism-reducing-vulnerabilities-and-improving-responses-us-russian-workshop-proceedings %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10968/terrorism-reducing-vulnerabilities-and-improving-responses-us-russian-workshop-proceedings %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 254 %X This book is devoted primarily to papers prepared by American and Russian specialists on cyber terrorism and urban terrorism. It also includes papers on biological and radiological terrorism from the American and Russian perspectives. Of particular interest are the discussions of the hostage situation at Dubrovko in Moscow, the damge inflicted in New York during the attacks on 9/11, and Russian priorities in addressing cyber terrorism. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Pew, Richard W. %E Van Hemel, Susan B. %T Technology for Adaptive Aging %@ 978-0-309-09116-9 %D 2004 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10857/technology-for-adaptive-aging %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10857/technology-for-adaptive-aging %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 320 %X Emerging and currently available technologies offer great promise for helping older adults, even those without serious disabilities, to live healthy, comfortable, and productive lives. What technologies offer the most potential benefit? What challenges must be overcome, what problems must be solved, for this promise to be fulfilled? How can federal agencies like the National Institute on Aging best use their resources to support the translation from laboratory findings to useful, marketable products and services? Technology for Adaptive Aging is the product of a workshop that brought together distinguished experts in aging research and in technology to discuss applications of technology to communication, education and learning, employment, health, living environments, and transportation for older adults. It includes all of the workshop papers and the report of the committee that organized the workshop. The committee report synthesizes and evaluates the points made in the workshop papers and recommends priorities for federal support of translational research in technology for older adults.