%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A Transportation Research Board %T A Guide for Enhancing Rural Emergency Medical Services %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13544/a-guide-for-enhancing-rural-emergency-medical-services %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13544/a-guide-for-enhancing-rural-emergency-medical-services %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 136 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500, Vol. 15, Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan: A Guide for Enhancing Rural Emergency Medical Services provides strategies that can be employed to enhance rural emergency medical services. In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy. Over the next few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) will be developing a series of guides, several of which are already available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %T A Guide for Reducing Crashes Involving Drowsy and Distracted Drivers %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13861/a-guide-for-reducing-crashes-involving-drowsy-and-distracted-drivers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13861/a-guide-for-reducing-crashes-involving-drowsy-and-distracted-drivers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 107 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500 -- Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan; Volume 14: A Guide for Reducing Crashes Involving Drowsy and Distracted Drivers provides strategies that can be employed to help reduce crashes involving drowsy and distracted drivers. In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its %0 Book %A National Research Council %A Institute of Medicine %E Lo, Bernard %E O'Connell, Mary Ellen %T Ethical Considerations for Research on Housing-Related Health Hazards Involving Children %@ 978-0-309-09726-0 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11450/ethical-considerations-for-research-on-housing-related-health-hazards-involving-children %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11450/ethical-considerations-for-research-on-housing-related-health-hazards-involving-children %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 216 %X Ethical Considerations for Research on Housing-Related Health Hazards Involving Children explores the ethical issues posed when conducting research designed to identify, understand, or ameliorate housing-related health hazards among children. Such research involves children as subjects and is conducted in the home and in communities. It is often conducted with children in low-income families given the disproportionate prevalence of housing-related conditions such as lead poisoning, asthma, and fatal injuries among these children. This book emphasizes five key elements to address the particular ethical concerns raised by these characteristics: involving the affected community in the research and responding to their concerns; ensuring that parents understand the essential elements of the research; adopting uniform federal guidelines for such research by all sponsors (Subpart D of 45 CFR 46); providing guidance on key terms in the regulations; and viewing research oversight as a system with important roles for researchers, IRBs and their research institutions, sponsors and regulators of research, and the community. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Guide for Reducing Work Zone Collisions %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13889/a-guide-for-reducing-work-zone-collisions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13889/a-guide-for-reducing-work-zone-collisions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 165 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500, Vol. 17, Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan: A Guide for Reducing Work Zone Collisions provides strategies that can be employed to reduce work zone crashes.In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy.Over the next few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) will be developing a series of guides, several of which are already available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Guide for Reducing Alcohol-Related Collisions %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23419/a-guide-for-reducing-alcohol-related-collisions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23419/a-guide-for-reducing-alcohol-related-collisions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 93 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500, Vol. 16, Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan: A Guide for Reducing Alcohol-Related Collisions provides strategies that can be employed to reduce crashes involving alcohol.In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy.Over the next few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) will be developing a series of guides, several of which are already available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Guide for Reducing Crashes Involving Drowsy and Distracted Drivers %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23420/a-guide-for-reducing-crashes-involving-drowsy-and-distracted-drivers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23420/a-guide-for-reducing-crashes-involving-drowsy-and-distracted-drivers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 96 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500 -- Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan; Volume 14: A Guide for Reducing Crashes Involving Drowsy and Distracted Drivers provides strategies that can be employed to help reduce crashes involving drowsy and distracted drivers.In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy.Over the next few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) will be developing a series of guides, several of which are already available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Guide for Enhancing Rural Emergency Medical Services %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23421/a-guide-for-enhancing-rural-emergency-medical-services %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23421/a-guide-for-enhancing-rural-emergency-medical-services %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 120 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 500, Vol. 15, Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan: A Guide for Enhancing Rural Emergency Medical Services provides strategies that can be employed to enhance rural emergency medical services.In 1998, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) approved its Strategic Highway Safety Plan, which was developed by the AASHTO Standing Committee for Highway Traffic Safety with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and the Transportation Research Board Committee on Transportation Safety Management. The plan includes strategies in 22 key emphasis areas that affect highway safety. The plan's goal is to reduce the annual number of highway deaths by 5,000 to 7,000. Each of the 22 emphasis areas includes strategies and an outline of what is needed to implement each strategy.Over the next few years the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) will be developing a series of guides, several of which are already available, to assist state and local agencies in reducing injuries and fatalities in targeted areas. The guides correspond to the emphasis areas outlined in the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan. Each guide includes a brief introduction, a general description of the problem, the strategies/countermeasures to address the problem, and a model implementation process. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Wellford, Charles F. %E Pepper, John V. %E Petrie, Carol V. %T Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review %@ 978-0-309-09124-4 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10881/firearms-and-violence-a-critical-review %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10881/firearms-and-violence-a-critical-review %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 340 %X For years proposals for gun control and the ownership of firearms have been among the most contentious issues in American politics. For public authorities to make reasonable decisions on these matters, they must take into account facts about the relationship between guns and violence as well as conflicting constitutional claims and divided public opinion. In performing these tasks, legislators need adequate data and research to judge both the effects of firearms on violence and the effects of different violence control policies. Readers of the research literature on firearms may sometimes find themselves unable to distinguish scholarship from advocacy. Given the importance of this issue, there is a pressing need for a clear and unbiased assessment of the existing portfolio of data and research. Firearms and Violence uses conventional standards of science to examine three major themes - firearms and violence, the quality of research, and the quality of data available. The book assesses the strengths and limitations of current databases, examining current research studies on firearm use and the efforts to reduce unjustified firearm use and suggests ways in which they can be improved. %0 Book %A National Academy of Engineering %T Technological Options for User-Authorized Handguns: A Technology-Readiness Assessment %@ 978-0-309-09699-7 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11394/technological-options-for-user-authorized-handguns-a-technology-readiness-assessment %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11394/technological-options-for-user-authorized-handguns-a-technology-readiness-assessment %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Engineering and Technology %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 80 %X Misuse of handguns is a significant factor in deaths, morbidity, and crime in the United States. One approach to reducing certain types of handgun misuse is to create a user-authorized handgun (UAHG), a firearm that can be operated only by an authorized user(s). Technological Options for User-Authorized Handguns clarifies the technical challenges of developing a reliable UAHG. This report determines the requirements and specifications of UAHGs for those concerned with public and/or personal safety, and identifies technologies that could satisfy these needs. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Estimating the Contributions of Lifestyle-Related Factors to Preventable Death: A Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-09690-4 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11323/estimating-the-contributions-of-lifestyle-related-factors-to-preventable-death %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11323/estimating-the-contributions-of-lifestyle-related-factors-to-preventable-death %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 80 %X This report is the summary of a workshop held by The Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Science December 13-14, 2004 to estimate the contributions of lifestyle-related factors to preventable death. The summary of this workshop includes presentations from experts in statistical design, epidemiology, quality-of-life measures, communication, and public policy and discussions among the participants. Panels of experts addressed the following topics: methodological issues when estimating the public health burden of lifestyle factors; estimating "attributable risk" in practice; alternative ways of measuring the health burden; and public policy issues. %0 Book %E Hally, Mike %T Electronic Brains: Stories from the Dawn of the Computer Age %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11319/electronic-brains-stories-from-the-dawn-of-the-computer-age %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11319/electronic-brains-stories-from-the-dawn-of-the-computer-age %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Explore Science %K Computers and Information Technology %P 300 %X We've come so far, so fast. Within a relatively short period of time, we've managed to put enormous computing power in offices and homes around the globe. But before there was an IBM computer, before there were laptops and personal PCs, there were small independent teams of pioneers working on the development of the very first computer. Scattered around the globe and ranging in temperament and talent, they forged the future in basement labs, backyard, workshops, and old horse barns. Tracing the period just after World War II when the first truly modern computers were developed, Electronic Brains chronicles the escapades of the world's first "techies." Some of the initial projects are quite famous and well known, such as "LEO", the Lyons Electronic Office, which was developed by the catering company J. Lyons & Co. in London in the 1940s. Others are a bit more arcane, such as the ABC, which was built in a basement at Iowa State College and was abandoned to obscurity at the beginning of WWII. And then - like the tale of the Rand 409 which wss constructed in a barn in Connecticut under the watchful eye of a stuffed moose - there are the stories that are virtually unknown. All combine to create a fascinating history of a now-ubiquitous technology. Relying on extensive interviews from surviving members of the original teams of hardware jockeys, author Mike Hally recreates the atmosphere of the early days of computing. Rich with provocative and entertaining descriptions, we are introduced go the many eccentric, obsessive, and fiercely loyal men and women who laid the foundations for the computerized world in which we now live. As the acronyms fly fast and furious - UNIVAC, CSIRAC, and MESM, to name just a few - Electronic Brains provides a vivid sense of time, place, and science. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Liverman, Catharyn T. %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %E Joy, Janet E. %E Johnson, Richard T. %T Spinal Cord Injury: Progress, Promise, and Priorities %@ 978-0-309-09585-3 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11253/spinal-cord-injury-progress-promise-and-priorities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11253/spinal-cord-injury-progress-promise-and-priorities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 360 %X An estimated 11,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United States and more than 200,000 Americans suffer from maladies associated with spinal cord injury. This includes paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, respiratory impairment, temperature regulation problems, and chronic pain. During the last two decades, longstanding beliefs about the inability of the adult central nervous system to heal itself have been eroded by the flood of new information from research in the neurosciences and related fields. However, there are still no cures and the challenge of restoring function in the wake of spinal cord injuries remains extremely complex. Spinal Cord Injury examines the future directions for research with the goal to accelerate the development of cures for spinal cord injuries. While many of the recommendations are framed within the context of the specific needs articulated by the New York Spinal Cord Injury Research Board, the Institute of Medicine’s panel of experts looked very broadly at research priorities relating to future directions for the field in general and make recommendations to strengthen and coordinate the existing infrastructure. Funders at federal and state agencies, academic organizations, pharmaceutical and device companies, and non-profit organizations will all find this book to be an essential resource as they examine their opportunities. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T 2003-2004 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18595/2003-2004-assessment-of-the-army-research-laboratory %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/18595/2003-2004-assessment-of-the-army-research-laboratory %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Engineering and Technology %P 140 %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Centerline Rumble Strips %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23327/centerline-rumble-strips %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23327/centerline-rumble-strips %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 63 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 339: Centerline Rumble Strips (CLRS) examines current design, installation, configuration, dimension, and visibility issues associated with CLRS. The report addresses the need for guidance on warrants, benefits, successful practices, and concerns such as external noise and the reduced visibility of centerline striping material. Also addressed are pavement deterioration, ice buildup in the grooves, adverse impact on emergency vehicles, and the effect of CLRS on bicyclists. Particular attention was paid to available before-and-after CLRS installation crash data to document the safety aspects of CLRS and the availability of policies, guidelines, warrants, and costs regarding their use and design. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Recommended Guidelines for Curb and Curb-Barrier Installations %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13849/recommended-guidelines-for-curb-and-curb-barrier-installations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13849/recommended-guidelines-for-curb-and-curb-barrier-installations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 97 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 537: Recommended Guidelines for Curb and Curb–Barrier Installations presents the findings of a research project to develop guidelines for the use of curbs and curb–guardrail combinations on high-speed roadways. The report includes recommendations concerning the location of curbs with respect to the guardrail for various operating speeds. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Operational Differences and Similarities Among the Motorcoach, School Bus, and Trucking Industries %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13809/operational-differences-and-similarities-among-the-motorcoach-school-bus-and-trucking-industries %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13809/operational-differences-and-similarities-among-the-motorcoach-school-bus-and-trucking-industries %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 47 %X TRB’s Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 6: Operational Differences and Similarities Among the Motorcoach, School Bus, and Trucking Industries is designed as a single resource for information on profiles, safety statistics, and general business operations for these three commercial vehicle industries. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Effects of Nuclear Earth-Penetrator and Other Weapons %@ 978-0-309-09673-7 %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11282/effects-of-nuclear-earth-penetrator-and-other-weapons %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11282/effects-of-nuclear-earth-penetrator-and-other-weapons %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 146 %X Underground facilities are used extensively by many nations to conceal and protect strategic military functions and weapons' stockpiles. Because of their depth and hardened status, however, many of these strategic hard and deeply buried targets could only be put at risk by conventional or nuclear earth penetrating weapons (EPW). Recently, an engineering feasibility study, the robust nuclear earth penetrator program, was started by DOE and DOD to determine if a more effective EPW could be designed using major components of existing nuclear weapons. This activity has created some controversy about, among other things, the level of collateral damage that would ensue if such a weapon were used. To help clarify this issue, the Congress, in P.L. 107-314, directed the Secretary of Defense to request from the NRC a study of the anticipated health and environmental effects of nuclear earth-penetrators and other weapons and the effect of both conventional and nuclear weapons against the storage of biological and chemical weapons. This report provides the results of those analyses. Based on detailed numerical calculations, the report presents a series of findings comparing the effectiveness and expected collateral damage of nuclear EPW and surface nuclear weapons under a variety of conditions. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Motorcoach Industry Hours of Service and Fatigue Management Techniques %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13812/motorcoach-industry-hours-of-service-and-fatigue-management-techniques %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13812/motorcoach-industry-hours-of-service-and-fatigue-management-techniques %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 43 %X TRB’s Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 7: Motorcoach Industry Hours of Service and Fatigue Management Techniques identifies and documents the unique features of the extended workday that typifies motorcoach operations and identifies techniques that motorcoach managers, front-line employees, and drivers use to reduce fatigue-related incidents resulting from the irregular on-duty conditions facing the motorcoach driver. The synthesis also identifies current and emerging technologies that may be appropriate for motorcoach operations to offset the effects of the extended workday and fatigue-inducing environment. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Use of Event Data Recorder (EDR) Technology for Highway Crash Data Analysis %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23303/use-of-event-data-recorder-edr-technology-for-highway-crash-data-analysis %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23303/use-of-event-data-recorder-edr-technology-for-highway-crash-data-analysis %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 7 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 298: Use of Event Data Recorder (EDR) Technology for Highway Crash Data Analysis examines the benefits and the costs of using EDR data in highway crash data analysis and research. The report also summarizes the final report of NCHRP Project 17-24 that is available as NCHRP Web-Only Document 75. Web-Only Document 75 examines recommendations for the enhancement of EDRs to meet the specific needs of highway crash data analysis and includes recommended EDR database format for agencies that seek to collect and systematically store EDR data. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Improvements: State-of-Knowledge Report %D 2005 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23293/crash-reduction-factors-for-traffic-engineering-and-intelligent-transportation-system-its-improvements-state-of-knowledge-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23293/crash-reduction-factors-for-traffic-engineering-and-intelligent-transportation-system-its-improvements-state-of-knowledge-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 31 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 299—Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Improvements: State-of-Knowledge Report summarizes the current status of crash reduction factors for a variety of treatments and provides a summary of the “best available” crash reduction factors. The report also reviews the relationship between NCHRP Project 17-25, “Crash Reduction Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements,” and other ongoing research studies that are either documenting or developing additional crash reduction factors.