TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Estimating the Contributions of Lifestyle-Related Factors to Preventable Death: A Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11323 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11323/estimating-the-contributions-of-lifestyle-related-factors-to-preventable-death PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - This report is the summary of a workshop held by The Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Science December 13-14, 2004 to estimate the contributions of lifestyle-related factors to preventable death. The summary of this workshop includes presentations from experts in statistical design, epidemiology, quality-of-life measures, communication, and public policy and discussions among the participants. Panels of experts addressed the following topics: methodological issues when estimating the public health burden of lifestyle factors; estimating "attributable risk" in practice; alternative ways of measuring the health burden; and public policy issues. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Human Resources at U.S. Ports of Entry to Protect the Public's Health: Interim Letter Report DO - 10.17226/11214 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11214/human-resources-at-us-ports-of-entry-to-protect-the-publics-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - John R. La Montagne Memorial Symposium on Pandemic Influenza Research: Meeting Proceedings SN - DO - 10.17226/11448 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11448/john-r-la-montagne-memorial-symposium-on-pandemic-influenza-research PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academies of Science held a symposium, in memory of Dr. John R. La Montagne on April 4-5, 2005, to discuss the current state of the art of research on pandemic influenza and to identify gaps in research. The symposium serves as a first step of discussion towards a combined and coordinated research effort among Department of Health and Human Services agencies, other governmental agencies, international partners and the private sector. The statement of task that guided the Symposium agenda included these specific questions: What is the current state of the science on pandemic influenza research? What are the pressing unmet scientific questions and technical issues? What administrative, logistic or legal impediments exist that block progress towards the development of interventions to respond to pandemic influenza? How can collaboration among Global health Security Action Group nations be strengthened to address unmet scientific questions and technical issues related to research on pandemic influenza? What do experts believe are the most important next steps to take to advance research on pandemic influenza? The Proceedings of the John La Montagne Memorial Symposium on Pandemic Influenza Research Gaps represents a slightly edited transcript of the plenary presentations, rapporteur presentations, plenary discussion and presentation slides. This document contains the Symposium agenda, short biographies of plenary speakers, and provides a list of individuals who attended the symposium. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Lyla M. Hernandez TI - Implications of Genomics for Public Health: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/11260 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11260/implications-of-genomics-for-public-health-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Genomics is the study of the entire human genome. Genomics explores not only the actions of single genes, but also the interactions of multiple genes with each other and with the environment. As a result, genomics has great potential for improving the health of the public. However, realizing the benefits of genomics requires a systematic evaluation of its potential contributions and an understanding of the information necessary to facilitate the translation of research findings into public health strategies. In October 2004, the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop to discuss major scientific and policy issues related to genomics and public health, examine major supports for and challenges to the translation of genetic research into population health benefits, and suggest approaches for the integration of genomic information into strategies for promoting health and preventing disease. Implications of Genomics for Public Health summarizes the discussions and presentations from this workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Jeffrey P. Koplan A2 - Catharyn T. Liverman A2 - Vivica A. Kraak TI - Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance SN - DO - 10.17226/11015 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11015/preventing-childhood-obesity-health-in-the-balance PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking development—an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Gulf War and Health: Volume 3: Fuels, Combustion Products, and Propellants SN - DO - 10.17226/11180 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11180/gulf-war-and-health-volume-3-fuels-combustion-products-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The third in a series of congressionally mandated reports on Gulf War veterans’ health, this volume evaluates the long-term, human health effects associated with exposure to selected environmental agents, pollutants, and synthetic chemical compounds believed to have been present during the Gulf War. The committee specifically evaluated the literature on hydrogen sulfide, combustion products, hydrazine and red fuming nitric acid. Both the epidemiologic and toxicologic literature were reviewed. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Review of the HIVNET 012 Perinatal HIV Prevention Study SN - DO - 10.17226/11264 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11264/review-of-the-hivnet-012-perinatal-hiv-prevention-study PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 afflicts hundreds of thousands of children every year, especially in parts of the world such as sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV infection is prevalent and resources are limited. This tragic reality has spurred researchers to search for an effective, safe, and inexpensive treatment that could reduce the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. The HIVNET 012 trial was designed to provide preliminary information on the comparative safety and efficacy of two relatively simple and inexpensive short courses of oral antiretroviral treatment likely to be feasible in resource-limited settings. The resulting report identified some problems with procedures and documentation, but concluded that these issues did not compromise the results of the study. However, these issues have led to public scrutiny and continued controversy. Review of the HIVNET 012 Perinatal HIV Prevention Study critically and objectively evaluates the study's design and conduct, and assesses the impact of the initial procedural issues on the validity of the overall findings and conclusions of the trial. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States SN - DO - 10.17226/11182 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11182/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-in-the-united-states PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Integration of complementary and alternative medicine therapies (CAM) with conventional medicine is occurring in hospitals and physicians offices, health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are covering CAM therapies, insurance coverage for CAM is increasing, and integrative medicine centers and clinics are being established, many with close ties to medical schools and teaching hospitals. In determining what care to provide, the goal should be comprehensive care that uses the best scientific evidence available regarding benefits and harm, encourages a focus on healing, recognizes the importance of compassion and caring, emphasizes the centrality of relationship-based care, encourages patients to share in decision making about therapeutic options, and promotes choices in care that can include complementary therapies where appropriate. Numerous approaches to delivering integrative medicine have evolved. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States identifies an urgent need for health systems research that focuses on identifying the elements of these models, the outcomes of care delivered in these models, and whether these models are cost-effective when compared to conventional practice settings. It outlines areas of research in convention and CAM therapies, ways of integrating these therapies, development of curriculum that provides further education to health professionals, and an amendment of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act to improve quality, accurate labeling, research into use of supplements, incentives for privately funded research into their efficacy, and consumer protection against all potential hazards. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Vaccine Safety Research, Data Access, and Public Trust SN - DO - 10.17226/11234 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11234/vaccine-safety-research-data-access-and-public-trust PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) is a large, linked database of patient information that was developed jointly by CDC and several private managed care organizations in 1991. It includes data on vaccination histories, health outcomes, and characteristics of more than 7 million patients of eight participating health organizations. Researchers from CDC and the managed care groups have used VSD information to study whether health problems are associated with vaccinations. The subsequent VSD data sharing program was launched in 2002 to allow independent, external researchers access to information in the database. In this report, the committee that was asked to review aspects of this program recommends that two new oversight groups are needed to ensure that the policies and procedures of the VSD and its data sharing program are implemented as fairly and openly as possible. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Public Financing and Delivery of HIV/AIDS Care: Securing the Legacy of Ryan White SN - DO - 10.17226/10995 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/10995/public-financing-and-delivery-of-hivaids-care-securing-the-legacy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Each year it is estimated that approximately 40,000 people in the U.S. are newly infected with HIV. In the late 1990s, the number of deaths from AIDS dropped 43% as a result of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Unfortunately, the complex system currently in place for financing and delivering publicly financed HIV care undermines the significant advances that have been made in the development of new technologies to treat it. Many HIV patients experience delays in access to other services that would support adhering to treatment. As a result, each year opportunities are missed that could reduce the mortality, morbidity, and disability suffered by individuals with HIV infections. Public Financing and Delivery of HIV/AIDS Care examines the current standard of care for HIV patients and assesses the extent the system currently used for financing and delivering care allows individuals with HIV to actually receive it. The book recommends an expanded federal program for the treatment of individuals with HIV, administered at the state level. This program would provide timely access and consistent benefits with a strong focus on comprehensive and continuous care and access to antiretroviral therapy. It could help improve the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients, as well as reduce the number of deaths among those infected. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004 SN - DO - 10.17226/11242 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11242/veterans-and-agent-orange-update-2004 PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - Sixth in a series of congressionally mandated studies, this book is an updated review and evaluation of the available evidence regarding the statistical assoication between exposure to herbicides used in Vietnam and various adverse health outcomes suspected to be linked with such exposure. This book builds upon the information contained in the earlier books in the series: Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam (1994) Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1996 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 1998 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2000 Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2002 Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicides and Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes (2000) Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in the Children of Vietnam Veterans (2002) Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2004 focuses primarily on scientific studies and other information developed since the release of these earlier books. The previous volumes have noted that sufficient evidence exists to link chronic lymphocytic leukemia, soft-tissue sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and chloracne with exposure. The books also noted that there is “limited or suggestive” evidence of an association between exposure and respiratory cancers, prostate cancer, multiple myeloma, the metabolic disorder porphyria cutanea tarda, early-onset transient peripheral neuropathies, Type 2 diabetes, and the congenital birth defect spinal bifida in veterans’ children. This volume will be critically important to both policymakers and physicians in the federal government, Vietnam veterans and their families, veterans’ organizations, researchers, and health professionals. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine A2 - Alina Baciu A2 - Andrea Pernack Anason A2 - Kathleen Stratton A2 - Brian Strom TI - The Smallpox Vaccination Program: Public Health in an Age of Terrorism SN - DO - 10.17226/11240 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11240/the-smallpox-vaccination-program-public-health-in-an-age-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Health and Medicine AB - December 13, 2002, the president of the United States announced that smallpox vaccination would be offered to some categories of civilians and administered to members of the military and government representatives in high-risk areas of the world. The events that precipitated that historic announcement included a series of terrorist attacks during the 1990s, which culminated in the catastrophic events of 2001. Although preparedness for deliberate attacks with biologic weapons was already the subject of much public health planning, meetings, and publications as the twentieth century neared its end, the events of 2001 led to a steep rise in bioterrorism-related government policies and funding, and in state and local preparedness activities, for example, in public health, health care, and the emergency response and public safety communities. The national smallpox vaccination program is but one of many efforts to improve readiness to respond to deliberate releases of biologic agents. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) Committee on Smallpox Vaccination Program Implementation was convened in October 2002 at the request of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the federal agency charged with implementing the government's policy of providing smallpox vaccine first to public health and health care workers on response teams, then to all interested health care workers and other first responders, and finally to members of the general public who might insist on receiving the vaccine. The committee was charged with providing "advice to the CDC and the program investigators on selected aspects of the smallpox program implementation and evaluation." The committee met six times over 19 months and wrote a series of brief "letter" reports. The Smallpox Vaccination Program: Public Health in an Age of Terrorism constitutes the committee's seventh and final report, and the committee hopes that it will fulfill three purposes: 1) To serve as an archival document that brings together the six reports addressed to Julie Gerberding, director of CDC, and previously released on line and as short, unbound papers; 2) To serve as a historical document that summarizes milestones in the smallpox vaccination program, and ; 3) To comment on the achievement of overall goals of the smallpox vaccination program (in accordance with the last item in the charge), including lessons learned from the program. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health SN - DO - 10.17226/11140 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11140/quality-through-collaboration-the-future-of-rural-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Building on the innovative Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm, Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health offers a strategy to address the quality challenges in rural communities. Rural America is a vital, diverse component of the American community, representing nearly 20% of the population of the United States. Rural communities are heterogeneous and differ in population density, remoteness from urban areas, and the cultural norms of the regions of which they are a part. As a result, rural communities range in their demographics and environmental, economic, and social characteristics. These differences influence the magnitude and types of health problems these communities face. Quality Through Collaboration: The Future of Rural Health assesses the quality of health care in rural areas and provides a framework for core set of services and essential infrastructure to deliver those services to rural communities. The book recommends: Adopting an integrated approach to addressing both personal and population health needs Establishing a stronger health care quality improvement support structure to assist rural health systems and professionals Enhancing the human resource capacity of health care professionals in rural communities and expanding the preparedness of rural residents to actively engage in improving their health and health care Assuring that rural health care systems are financially stable Investing in an information and communications technology infrastructure It is critical that existing and new resources be deployed strategically, recognizing the need to improve both the quality of individual-level care and the health of rural communities and populations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Informing the Future: Critical Issues in Health, Third Edition DO - 10.17226/11469 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11469/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health-third-edition PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine TI - Integrating Employee Health: A Model Program for NASA SN - DO - 10.17226/11290 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11290/integrating-employee-health-a-model-program-for-nasa PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Health and Medicine AB - The American workforce is changing, creating new challenges for employers to provide occupational health services to meet the needs of employees. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) workforce is highly skilled and competitive and employees frequently work under intense pressure to ensure mission success. The Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer at NASA requested that the Institute of Medicine review its occupational health programs, assess employee awareness of and attitude toward those programs, recommend options for future worksite preventive health programs, and ways to evaluate their effectiveness. The committee’s findings show that although NASA has a history of being forward-looking in designing and improving health and wellness programs, there is a need to move from a traditional occupational health model to an integrated, employee-centered program that could serve as a national model for both public and private employers to emulate and improve the health and performance of their workforces. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Animal Health at the Crossroads: Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases SN - DO - 10.17226/11365 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11365/animal-health-at-the-crossroads-preventing-detecting-and-diagnosing-animal PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Agriculture KW - Biology and Life Sciences AB - The confirmed case of "mad cow" disease (BSE) in June 2005 illustrates the economic impact of disease outbreaks, as additional countries closed their markets to U.S. beef and beef products. Emerging diseases also threaten public health--11 out of 12 of the major global disease outbreaks over the last decade were from zoonotic agents (that spread from animals to humans). Animal Health at the Crossroads: Preventing, Detecting, and Diagnosing Animal Diseases finds that, in general, the U.S. animal health framework has been slow to take advantage of state-of-the-art technologies being used now to protect public health; better diagnostic tests for identifying all animal diseases should be made a priority. The report also recommends that the nation establish a high-level, authoritative, and accountable coordinating mechanism to engage and enhance partnerships among local, state, and federal agencies, and the private sector. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council A2 - John Iceland TI - Experimental Poverty Measures: Summary of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/11166 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11166/experimental-poverty-measures-summary-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Industry and Labor KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - The Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) of the National Research Council (NRC) convened a workshop on June 15-16, 2004, to review federal research on alternative methods for measuring poverty. The workshop had been requested by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget to evaluate progress in moving toward a new measure of poverty, as recommended by the 1995 report, Measuring Poverty: A New Approach. Experimental Poverty Measures is the summary of that workshop. This report discusses which components of alternative measures are methodologically sound and which might need further refinement,toward the goal of narrowing the number of alternative measures that should be considered. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Research Council TI - Review of Research Proposals for Cooperation with Former Soviet Biological Weapons Personnel and Institutes: Letter Report from 2000-2004 Reviews DO - 10.17226/11430 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11430/review-of-research-proposals-for-cooperation-with-former-soviet-biological-weapons-personnel-and-institutes PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - An ongoing committee of the National Research Council assists the Department of Defense in the development and implementation of a program of expanded scientific cooperation and exchange in peaceful applications of the biological sciences between American research scientists and Russian research scientists who had participated in the biological weapons program of the former Soviet Union. The committee reviews project proposals submitted to DOD by research scientists from Russia, suggests potential collaborators from the United States, and evaluates results of collaborative projects. This report lists the proposals considered from 2000-2004 and summarizes the committee's recommendations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Cost-Benefit Analysis of Providing Non-Emergency Medical Transportation DO - 10.17226/22055 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22055/cost-benefit-analysis-of-providing-non-emergency-medical-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Web-Only Document 29: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Providing Non-Emergency Medical Transportation (NEMT) examines the relative costs and benefits of providing transportation to non-emergency medical care for individuals who miss or delay healthcare appointments because of transportation issues. The report includes a spreadsheet to help local transportation and social service agencies conduct their own cost-benefit analyses of NEMT tailored to the local demographic and socio-economic environment. The executive summary of the report is available as Research Results Digest 75. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Research Council A2 - Roger Herdman A2 - Larry Norton TI - Saving Women's Lives: Strategies for Improving Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis: A Breast Cancer Research Foundation and Institute of Medicine Symposium SN - DO - 10.17226/11156 PY - 2005 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11156/saving-womens-lives-strategies-for-improving-breast-cancer-detection-and PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In this report The Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) present a one-day symposium that was held at the IOM to further disseminate the conclusions and recommendations of the joint IOM and National Research Council report, Saving Women's Lives: Strategies for Improving Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis. The committee assembled for this event was asked to share insights and consider ways in which the objectives of the report could be achieved from the standpoint of what women need to know, the best models of screening programs, manpower, risk stratification, basic research, and payment. This symposium seeks to provide continuing food for thought and ideas for actions in support of breast cancer detection and diagnosis and saving women's lives. ER -