@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Technical Input on the National Institutes of Health's Draft Supplementary Risk Assessments and Site Suitability Analyses for the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University: A Letter Report", abstract = "The state of Massachusetts requested that the National Research Council evaluate a draft supplemental risk assessment prepared by the National Institutes of Health (see http:\/\/www.nems.nih.gov\/aspects\/nat_resources\/programs\/nepa2.cfm) associated with a proposed biocontainment laboratory at Boston University. This risk assessment is intended to form the scientific basis for an environmental impact report that was requested by the state. The National Research Council report indicates that the draft does not adequately develop worst case scenarios or alternative site comparisons for the release and spread of a pathogen. While the report commended NIH for working with the community to identify pathogens to include in the scenarios, this process appears to have led to the selection of pathogens that are not representative of a worst case scenario. A more acceptable analysis would have included agents that are readily transmissible and would have demonstrated that the modeling approach used recognizes biological complexities, reflects what is known about disease outbreaks, and is appropriately sensitive to population density. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12073/technical-input-on-the-national-institutes-of-healths-draft-supplementary-risk-assessments-and-site-suitability-analyses-for-the-national-emerging-infectious-diseases-laboratory-boston-university", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Lawrence O. Gostin and Cori Vanchieri and Andrew Pope", title = "Ethical Considerations for Research Involving Prisoners", isbn = "978-0-309-10119-6", abstract = "In the past 30 years, the population of prisoners in the United States has expanded almost 5-fold, correctional facilities are increasingly overcrowded, and more of the country's disadvantaged populations—racial minorities, women, people with mental illness, and people with communicable diseases such as HIV\/AIDS, hepatitis C, and tuberculosis—are under correctional supervision. \n\nBecause prisoners face restrictions on liberty and autonomy, have limited privacy, and often receive inadequate health care, they require specific protections when involved in research, particularly in today's correctional settings. Given these issues, the Department of Health and Human Services' Office for Human Research Protections commissioned the Institute of Medicine to review the ethical considerations regarding research involving prisoners. \n\nThe resulting analysis contained in this book, Ethical Considerations for Research Involving Prisoners, emphasizes five broad actions to provide prisoners involved in research with critically important protections: \n\n • expand the definition of \"prisoner\";\n\n • ensure universally and consistently applied standards of protection; \n\n • shift from a category-based to a risk-benefit approach to research review; \n\n • update the ethical framework to include collaborative responsibility; and \n\n • enhance systematic oversight of research involving prisoners.\n", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11692/ethical-considerations-for-research-involving-prisoners", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council and Institute of Medicine", title = "Challenges in Adolescent Health Care: Workshop Report", isbn = "978-0-309-11269-7", abstract = "Several positive and negative lifelong behaviors are established during adolescence including diet and exercise, sexual conduct, practices related to oral health, smoking, drinking, and the use if legal and illegal substances. The complex issues that adolescents deal with on a daily basis can turn into health problems that persist throughout adulthood. Unfortunately the adolescents who are frequently the most disconnected from routine health care services - those who lack insurance and family support - are often those at greatest risk for multiple and chronic health problems. Therefore, those that are responsible for delivering health care services to adolescents must address the health conditions that require immediate attention while preparing young people to adopt practices that can help improve their future health status and prevent unhealthy behaviors.\nChallenges in Adolescent Health Care studies adolescent health care in the United States, highlights critical health care needs, and identifies service models and components of care that may strengthen and improve health care services, settings, and systems for adolescents. The book explores the nature of adolescent challenges and how they reflect larger societal issues such as poverty, crime and the prevalence of violence. These issues, in addition to lack of comprehensive health coverage, dysfunctional families and the lack of support systems, make providing adequate health care incredibly challenging.\nChallenges in Adolescent Health Care defines high-quality health care, identifies the strengths and weaknesses of various service models and explores various training programs. The book recommends that health care providers must be sensitive to socioeconomic factors and incorporate health care in a broad array of settings including schools, neighborhoods and community centers.\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12031/challenges-in-adolescent-health-care-workshop-report", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Lynn Goldman and Christine Coussens", title = "Environmental Public Health Impacts of Disasters: Hurricane Katrina: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-10500-2", abstract = "Public health officials have the traditional responsibilities of protecting the food supply, safeguarding against communicable disease, and ensuring safe and healthful conditions for the population. Beyond this, public health today is challenged in a way that it has never been before. Starting with the 9\/11 terrorist attacks, public health officers have had to spend significant amounts of time addressing the threat of terrorism to human health. \n\nHurricane Katrina was an unprecedented disaster for the United States. During the first weeks, the enormity of the event and the sheer response needs for public health became apparent. The tragic loss of human life overshadowed the ongoing social and economic disruption in a region that was already economically depressed. Hurricane Katrina reemphasized to the public and to policy makers the importance of addressing long-term needs after a disaster.\n\nOn October 20, 2005, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine held a workshop which convened members of the scientific community to highlight the status of the recovery effort, consider the ongoing challenges in the midst of a disaster, and facilitate scientific dialogue about the impacts of Hurricane Katrina on people's health. Environmental Public Health Impacts of Disasters: Hurricane Katrina is the summary of this workshop. This report will inform the public health, first responder, and scientific communities on how the affected community can be helped in both the midterm and the near future. In addition, the report can provide guidance on how to use the information gathered about environmental health during a disaster to prepare for future events.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11840/environmental-public-health-impacts-of-disasters-hurricane-katrina-workshop-summary", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Howard Frumkin and Christine Coussens", title = "Green Healthcare Institutions: Health, Environment, and Economics: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-10592-7", abstract = "Green Healthcare Institutions : Health, Environment, and Economics, Workshop Summary is based on the ninth workshop in a series of workshops sponsored by the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine since the roundtable began meeting in 1998. When choosing workshops and activities, the roundtable looks for areas of mutual concern and also areas that need further research to develop a strong environmental science background.\n\nThis workshop focused on the environmental and health impacts related to the design, construction, and operations of healthcare facilities, which are part of one of the largest service industries in the United States. Healthcare institutions are major employers with a considerable role in the community, and it is important to analyze this significant industry. The environment of healthcare facilities is unique; it has multiple stakeholders on both sides, as the givers and the receivers of care. In order to provide optimal care, more research is needed to determine the impacts of the built environment on human health.\n\nThe scientific evidence for embarking on a green building agenda is not complete, and at present, scientists have limited information. Green Healthcare Institutions : Health, Environment, and Economics, Workshop Summary captures the discussions and presentations by the speakers and participants; they identified the areas in which additional research is needed, the processes by which change can occur, and the gaps in knowledge. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11878/green-healthcare-institutions-health-environment-and-economics-workshop-summary", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Myron Harrison and Christine Coussens", title = "Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century: From Governmental Regulation to Corporate Social Responsibility: Workshop Summary", isbn = "978-0-309-10380-0", abstract = "Biological threats like SARS and natural disasters like the tsunami in Indonesia have devastated entire regions, and quickly exhausted budgetary resources. As the field of environmental health continues to evolve, scientists and others must focus on gaining a better understanding of the links between human health and various environmental factors, and on creating new paradigms and partnerships needed to address these complex environmental health challenges facing society. Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century: From Governmental Regulations to Corporate Social Responsibility: Workshop Summary discusses the role of industry in environmental health, examines programs designed to improve the overall state of environmental health, and explores how governmental and corporate entities can collaborate to manage this industry.\nStakeholders in both the public and private sectors are looking for viable solutions as the complexity of societal problems and risks associated with management and varying regulatory standards continue to increase. Global Environmental Health in the 21st Century draws critical links and provides insight into the current shape of global environmental health. The book recommends expanding environmental management systems (EMS) to encompass a more extensive global network. It also provides a complete assessment of the benefits and costs resulting from implementation of various environmental management systems. \n\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11833/global-environmental-health-in-the-21st-century-from-governmental-regulation", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Transportation Research Board and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine", title = "The Metropolitan Planning Organization, Present and Future", abstract = "TRB\u2019s Conference Proceedings 39: The Metropolitan Planning Organization, Present and Future summarizes an August 2006 conference that explored the organizational structure of metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs), the current state of the practice for regional decision making among MPOs of various sizes, and approaches to integrating a wide array of additional considerations into the MPO planning process. The conference also examined approaches to institutionalizing an integrated approach to comprehensive planning, and development of relationships with local decision-making bodies within the MPO region. The conference proceeding includes summaries of the presentations made in each conference session, as well as a summary of the participants\u2019 discussions in the final breakout sessions, focused on research and capacity building. ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23141/the-metropolitan-planning-organization-present-and-future", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Jaime SepĂșlveda and Charles Carpenter and James Curran and William Holzemer and Helen Smits and Kimberly Scott and Michele Orza", title = "PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise", isbn = "978-0-309-10982-6", abstract = "In 2003, Congress passed the United States Leadership Against HIV\/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act, which established a 5-year, $15 billion initiative to help countries around the world respond to their AIDS epidemics. The initiative is generally referred to by the title of the 5-year strategy required by the act--PEPFAR, or the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.\nPEPFAR Implementation evaluates this initiative's progress and concludes that although PEPFAR has made a promising start, U.S. leadership is still needed in the effort to respond to the HIV\/AIDS pandemic. The book recommends that the program transition from its focus on emergency relief to an emphasis on the long-term strategic planning and capacity building necessary for a sustainable response. PEPFAR Implementation will be of interest to policy makers, health care professionals, special interest groups, and others interested in global AIDS relief.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11905/pepfar-implementation-progress-and-promise", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "Institute of Medicine", editor = "Frank A. Sloan and Hellen Gelband", title = "Cancer Control Opportunities in Low- and Middle-Income Countries", isbn = "978-0-309-10384-8", abstract = "Cancer is low or absent on the health agendas of low- and middle-income countries (LMCs) despite the fact that more people die from cancer in these countries than from AIDS and malaria combined. International health organizations, bilateral aid agencies, and major foundations—which are instrumental in setting health priorities—also have largely ignored cancer in these countries.\n\nThis book identifies feasible, affordable steps for LMCs and their international partners to begin to reduce the cancer burden for current and future generations. Stemming the growth of cigarette smoking tops the list to prevent cancer and all the other major chronic diseases. Other priorities include infant vaccination against the hepatitis B virus to prevent liver cancers and vaccination to prevent cervical cancer. Developing and increasing capacity for cancer screening and treatment of highly curable cancers (including most childhood malignancies) can be accomplished using "resource-level appropriateness" as a guide. And there are ways to make inexpensive oral morphine available to ease the pain of the many who will still die from cancer.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11797/cancer-control-opportunities-in-low-and-middle-income-countries", year = 2007, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }