%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Cohen, Jennifer A. %T Challenges and Successes in Reducing Health Disparities: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-11690-9 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12154/challenges-and-successes-in-reducing-health-disparities-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12154/challenges-and-successes-in-reducing-health-disparities-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 210 %X In early 2007, the Institute of Medicine convened the Roundtable on Health Disparities to increase the visibility of racial and ethnic health disparities as a national problem, to further the development of programs and strategies to reduce disparities, to foster the emergence of leadership on this issue, and to track promising activities and developments in health care that could lead to dramatically reducing or eliminating disparities. The Roundtable's first workshop, Challenges and Successes in Reducing Health Disparities, was held in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 31, 2007, and examined (1) the importance of differences in life expectancy within the United States, (2) the reasons for those differences, and (3) the implications of this information for programs and policy makers. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Davis, Miriam %E Kammersell, Marnina S. %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %T Dispensing Medical Countermeasures for Public Health Emergencies: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-12096-8 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12221/dispensing-medical-countermeasures-for-public-health-emergencies-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12221/dispensing-medical-countermeasures-for-public-health-emergencies-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 126 %X On March 3-4, 2008, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events hosted a workshop titled "Medical Countermeasures Dispensing." The overall objective was to discuss a range of solutions to rapidly provide medical countermeasures to protect large numbers of people prior to or during a public health emergency, such as a bioterrorist attack or infectious disease outbreak. The United States is currently unprepared to confront the range of threats it is facing, such as an intentional anthrax release, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or pandemic influenza, and it must plan aggressively to counteract the threat of these and other future public health emergencies. Countermeasure dispensing must harness all types of imaginative partnerships between public and private institutions, working together in ways tailored to meet individual community needs. This workshop summary highlights the presentations and subsequent discussion that occurred at the workshop. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Cohen, Clara %E Orza, Michele %E Patel, Deepali %T Design Considerations for Evaluating the Impact of PEPFAR: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-11672-5 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12147/design-considerations-for-evaluating-the-impact-of-pepfar-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12147/design-considerations-for-evaluating-the-impact-of-pepfar-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 142 %X Design Considerations for Evaluating the Impact of PEPFAR is the summary of a 2-day workshop on methodological, policy, and practical design considerations for a future evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) interventions carried out under the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which was convened by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) on April 30 and May 1, 2007. Participants at the workshop included staff of the U.S. Congress; PEPFAR officials and implementers; major multilateral organizations such as The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis (The Global Fund), the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and the World Bank; representatives from international nongovernmental organizations; experienced evaluation experts; and representatives of partner countries, particularly the PEPFAR focus countries. The workshop represented a final element of the work of the congressionally mandated IOM Committee for the Evaluation of PEPFAR Implementation, which published a report of its findings in 2007 evaluating the first 2 years of implementation, but could not address longer term impact evaluation questions. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E McClellan, Mark B. %E McGinnis, J. Michael %E Nabel, Elizabeth G. %E Olsen, LeighAnne M. %T Evidence-Based Medicine and the Changing Nature of Health Care: 2007 IOM Annual Meeting Summary %@ 978-0-309-11369-4 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12041/evidence-based-medicine-and-the-changing-nature-of-health-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12041/evidence-based-medicine-and-the-changing-nature-of-health-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 202 %X Drawing on the work of the Roundtable on Evidence-Based Medicine, the 2007 IOM Annual Meeting assessed some of the rapidly occurring changes in health care related to new diagnostic and treatment tools, emerging genetic insights, the developments in information technology, and healthcare costs, and discussed the need for a stronger focus on evidence to ensure that the promise of scientific discovery and technological innovation is efficiently captured to provide the right care for the right patient at the right time. As new discoveries continue to expand the universe of medical interventions, treatments, and methods of care, the need for a more systematic approach to evidence development and application becomes increasingly critical. Without better information about the effectiveness of different treatment options, the resulting uncertainty can lead to the delivery of services that may be unnecessary, unproven, or even harmful. Improving the evidence-base for medicine holds great potential to increase the quality and efficiency of medical care. The Annual Meeting, held on October 8, 2007, brought together many of the nation's leading authorities on various aspects of the issues - both challenges and opportunities - to present their perspectives and engage in discussion with the IOM membership. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Relman, David A. %E Hamburg, Margaret A. %E Choffnes, Eileen R. %E Mack, Alison %T Global Climate Change and Extreme Weather Events: Understanding the Contributions to Infectious Disease Emergence: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-12402-7 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12435/global-climate-change-and-extreme-weather-events-understanding-the-contributions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12435/global-climate-change-and-extreme-weather-events-understanding-the-contributions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Earth Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 302 %X Long before the "germ theory" of disease was described, late in the nineteenth century, humans knew that climatic conditions influence the appearance and spread of epidemic diseases. Ancient notions about the effects of weather and climate on disease remain embedded in our collective consciousness-through expressions such as "cold" for rhinovirus infections; "malaria," derived from the Latin for "bad air;" and the common complaint of feeling "under the weather." Today, evidence is mounting that earth's climate is changing at a faster rate than previously appreciated, leading researchers to view the longstanding relationships between climate and disease with new urgency and from a global perspective. On December 4 and 5, 2007, the Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop in Washington, DC to consider the possible infectious disease impacts of global climate change and extreme weather events on human, animal, and plant health, as well as their expected implications for global and national security. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Scott, Kimberly A. %T Violence Prevention in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Finding a Place on the Global Agenda: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-11205-5 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12016/violence-prevention-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-finding-a %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12016/violence-prevention-in-low-and-middle-income-countries-finding-a %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 280 %X The current state of science in violence prevention reveals progress, promise, and a number of remaining challenges. In order to fully examine the issue of global violence prevention, the Institute of Medicine in collaboration with Global Violence Prevention Advocacy, convened a workshop and released the workshop summary entitled, Violence Prevention in Low-and Middle-Income Countries. The workshop brought together participants with a wide array of expertise in fields related to health, criminal justice, public policy, and economic development, to study and articulate specific opportunities for the U.S. government and other leaders with resources to more effectively support programming for prevention of the many types of violence. Participants highlighted the need for the timely development of an integrated, science-based approach and agenda to support research, clinical practice, program development, policy analysis, and advocacy for violence prevention. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Adler, Nancy E. %E Page, Ann E. K. %T Cancer Care for the Whole Patient: Meeting Psychosocial Health Needs %@ 978-0-309-11107-2 %D 2008 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11993/cancer-care-for-the-whole-patient-meeting-psychosocial-health-needs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/11993/cancer-care-for-the-whole-patient-meeting-psychosocial-health-needs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 454 %X Cancer care today often provides state-of-the-science biomedical treatment, but fails to address the psychological and social (psychosocial) problems associated with the illness. This failure can compromise the effectiveness of health care and thereby adversely affect the health of cancer patients. Psychological and social problems created or exacerbated by cancer—including depression and other emotional problems; lack of information or skills needed to manage the illness; lack of transportation or other resources; and disruptions in work, school, and family life—cause additional suffering, weaken adherence to prescribed treatments, and threaten patients' return to health. Today, it is not possible to deliver high-quality cancer care without using existing approaches, tools, and resources to address patients' psychosocial health needs. All patients with cancer and their families should expect and receive cancer care that ensures the provision of appropriate psychosocial health services. Cancer Care for the Whole Patient recommends actions that oncology providers, health policy makers, educators, health insurers, health planners, researchers and research sponsors, and consumer advocates should undertake to ensure that this standard is met.