%0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Ulmer, Cheryl %E McFadden, Bernadette %E Nerenz, David R. %T Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement %@ 978-0-309-14012-6 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12696/race-ethnicity-and-language-data-standardization-for-health-care-quality %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12696/race-ethnicity-and-language-data-standardization-for-health-care-quality %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 286 %X The goal of eliminating disparities in health care in the United States remains elusive. Even as quality improves on specific measures, disparities often persist. Addressing these disparities must begin with the fundamental step of bringing the nature of the disparities and the groups at risk for those disparities to light by collecting health care quality information stratified by race, ethnicity and language data. Then attention can be focused on where interventions might be best applied, and on planning and evaluating those efforts to inform the development of policy and the application of resources. A lack of standardization of categories for race, ethnicity, and language data has been suggested as one obstacle to achieving more widespread collection and utilization of these data. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data identifies current models for collecting and coding race, ethnicity, and language data; reviews challenges involved in obtaining these data, and makes recommendations for a nationally standardized approach for use in health care quality improvement. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %A National Academy of Engineering %E Olson, Steve %E Labov, Jay %T Nurturing and Sustaining Effective Programs in Science Education for Grades K-8: Building a Village in California: Summary of a Convocation %@ 978-0-309-14366-0 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12739/nurturing-and-sustaining-effective-programs-in-science-education-for-grades-k-8 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12739/nurturing-and-sustaining-effective-programs-in-science-education-for-grades-k-8 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 154 %X K-8 science education in California (as in many other parts of the country) is in a state of crisis. K-8 students in California spend too little time studying science, many of their teachers are not well prepared in the subject, and the support system for science instruction has deteriorated. A proliferation of overly detailed standards and poorly conceived assessments has trivialized science education. And all these problems are likely to intensify: an ongoing fiscal crisis in the state threatens further cutbacks, teacher and administrator layoffs, and less money for professional development. A convocation held on April 29-30, 2009, sought to confront the crisis in California science education, particularly at the kindergarten through eighth grade level. The convocation, summarized in this volume, brought together key stakeholders in the science education system to enable and facilitate an exploration of ways to more effectively, efficiently, and collectively support, sustain, and communicate across the state concerning promising research and practices in K-8 science education and how such programs can be nurtured by communities of stakeholders. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Cross, Christopher T. %E Woods, Taniesha A. %E Schweingruber, Heidi %T Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood: Paths Toward Excellence and Equity %@ 978-0-309-12806-3 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12519/mathematics-learning-in-early-childhood-paths-toward-excellence-and-equity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12519/mathematics-learning-in-early-childhood-paths-toward-excellence-and-equity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 398 %X Early childhood mathematics is vitally important for young children's present and future educational success. Research demonstrates that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Furthermore, young children enjoy their early informal experiences with mathematics. Unfortunately, many children's potential in mathematics is not fully realized, especially those children who are economically disadvantaged. This is due, in part, to a lack of opportunities to learn mathematics in early childhood settings or through everyday experiences in the home and in their communities. Improvements in early childhood mathematics education can provide young children with the foundation for school success. Relying on a comprehensive review of the research, Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood lays out the critical areas that should be the focus of young children's early mathematics education, explores the extent to which they are currently being incorporated in early childhood settings, and identifies the changes needed to improve the quality of mathematics experiences for young children. This book serves as a call to action to improve the state of early childhood mathematics. It will be especially useful for policy makers and practitioners-those who work directly with children and their families in shaping the policies that affect the education of young children. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Hernandez, Lyla M. %T Measures of Health Literacy: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-13980-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12690/measures-of-health-literacy-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12690/measures-of-health-literacy-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 142 %X Health literacy--the ability for individuals to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services to facilitate appropriate health decisions--is increasingly recognized as an important facet of health care and health outcomes. Although research on health literacy has grown tremendously in the past decade, there is no widely agreed-upon framework for health literacy as a determinant of health outcomes. Most instruments focus on assessing an individual's health literacy, yet the scope of health literacy reaches far beyond an individual's skills and abilities. Health literacy occurs in the context of the health care system, and therefore measures of health literacy must also assess the demands and complexities of the health care systems with which patients interact. For example, measures are needed to determine how well the system has been organized so that it can be navigated by individuals with different levels of health literacy and how well health organizations are doing at making health information understandable and actionable. To examine what is known about measures of health literacy, the Institute of Medicine convened a workshop. The workshop, summarized in this volume, reviews the current status of measures of health literacy, including those used in the health care setting; discusses possible surrogate measures that might be used to assess health literacy; and explores ways in which health literacy measures can be used to assess patient-centered approaches to care. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Patlak, Margie %E Levit, Laura %T Ensuring Quality Cancer Care Through the Oncology Workforce: Sustaining Care in the 21st Century: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-13671-6 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12613/ensuring-quality-cancer-care-through-the-oncology-workforce-sustaining-care %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12613/ensuring-quality-cancer-care-through-the-oncology-workforce-sustaining-care %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 94 %X The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) predicts that by 2020, there will be an 81 percent increase in people living with or surviving cancer, but only a 14 percent increase in the number of practicing oncologists. As a result, there may be too few oncologists to meet the population's need for cancer care. To help address the challenges in overcoming this potential crisis of cancer care, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop Ensuring Quality Cancer Care through the Oncology Workforce: Sustaining Care in the 21st Century in Washington, DC on October 20 and 21, 2008. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Evaluation of NSF's Program of Grants for Vertical Integration of Research and Education in the Mathematical Sciences (VIGRE) %@ 978-0-309-14186-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12716/evaluation-of-nsfs-program-of-grants-for-vertical-integration-of-research-and-education-in-the-mathematical-sciences-vigre %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12716/evaluation-of-nsfs-program-of-grants-for-vertical-integration-of-research-and-education-in-the-mathematical-sciences-vigre %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Education %P 130 %X In 1998, the National Science Foundation (NSF) launched a program of Grants for Vertical Integration of Research and Education in the Mathematical Sciences (VIGRE). These grants were designed for institutions with PhD-granting departments in the mathematical sciences, for the purpose of developing high-quality education programs, at all levels, that are vertically integrated with the research activities of these departments. To date, more than 50 departments at 40 institutions have received VIGRE awards. As requested by NSF, the present volume reviews the goals of the VIGRE program and evaluates how well the program is designed to address those goals. The book considers past and current practices for assessing the VIGRE program; draws tentative conclusions about the program's achievements based on the data collected to date; and evaluates NSF's plans for future data-driven assessments. In addition, critical policy and programmatic changes for the program are identified, with recommendations for how to address these changes. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Chao, Samantha %E Anderson, Karen %E Hernandez, Lyla %T Toward Health Equity and Patient-Centeredness: Integrating Health Literacy, Disparities Reduction, and Quality Improvement: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-12749-3 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12502/toward-health-equity-and-patient-centeredness-integrating-health-literacy-disparities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12502/toward-health-equity-and-patient-centeredness-integrating-health-literacy-disparities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 102 %X To receive the greatest value for health care, it is important to focus on issues of quality and disparity, and the ability of individuals to make appropriate decisions based on basic health knowledge and services. The Forum on the Science of Health Care Quality Improvement and Implementation, the Roundtable on Health Disparities, and the Roundtable on Health Literacy jointly convened the workshop "Toward Health Equity and Patient-Centeredness: Integrating Health Literacy, Disparities Reduction, and Quality Improvement" to address these concerns. During this workshop, speakers and participants explored how equity in care delivered and a focus on patients could be improved. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Identification of the Requirements and Training to Obtain Driving Privileges on Airfields %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14261/identification-of-the-requirements-and-training-to-obtain-driving-privileges-on-airfields %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14261/identification-of-the-requirements-and-training-to-obtain-driving-privileges-on-airfields %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 43 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 15: Identification of the Requirements and Training to Obtain Driving Privileges on Airfields explores information on the requirements and training required to obtain driving privileges on airport airfields, and the differences and similarities among the various airports throughout the country. The report also examines information on the types of training programs available to airport employees based on where the employees were authorized to drive. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T State DOT Best Practices for Title VI Compliance %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22980/state-dot-best-practices-for-title-vi-compliance %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22980/state-dot-best-practices-for-title-vi-compliance %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 23 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Results Digest 340: State DOT Best Practices for Title VI Compliance explores state department of transportation (DOT) transit requirements and best practices related to Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. A companion report, NCHRP Web-Only Document 147, includes a collection of material related to best practices. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires that direct grant recipients and subrecipients provide all services and benefits without regard to race, color, or national origin. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Ostriker, Jeremiah P. %E Holland, Paul W. %E Kuh, Charlotte V. %E Voytuk, James A. %T A Guide to the Methodology of the National Research Council Assessment of Doctorate Programs %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12676/a-guide-to-the-methodology-of-the-national-research-council-assessment-of-doctorate-programs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12676/a-guide-to-the-methodology-of-the-national-research-council-assessment-of-doctorate-programs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 201 %X A Guide to the Methodology of the National Research Council Assessment of the Doctorate Programs describes the purpose, data and methods used to calculate ranges or rankings for research-doctorate programs that participated in the NRC Assessment of Research-Doctorate programs. It is intended for those at universities who will have to explain the NRC Assessment to others at their university, to potential students, and to the press. Although the main text is fairly non-technical, it includes a technical description of the statistical methods used to derive rankings of over 5000 doctoral programs in 61 fields. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Real-Time Traveler Information Systems %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14258/real-time-traveler-information-systems %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14258/real-time-traveler-information-systems %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 62 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 399: Real-Time Traveler Information Systems explores the needs and expectations of travelers, the current status of a variety of traveler information systems in the United States, available and emerging data sources, and business models for sustaining traveler information. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research %@ 978-0-309-13836-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12648/initial-national-priorities-for-comparative-effectiveness-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12648/initial-national-priorities-for-comparative-effectiveness-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 252 %X Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field. %0 Book %A National Research Council %E Bell, Philip %E Lewenstein, Bruce %E Shouse, Andrew W. %E Feder, Michael A. %T Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits %@ 978-0-309-11955-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12190/learning-science-in-informal-environments-people-places-and-pursuits %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12190/learning-science-in-informal-environments-people-places-and-pursuits %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Education %P 348 %X Informal science is a burgeoning field that operates across a broad range of venues and envisages learning outcomes for individuals, schools, families, and society. The evidence base that describes informal science, its promise, and effects is informed by a range of disciplines and perspectives, including field-based research, visitor studies, and psychological and anthropological studies of learning. Learning Science in Informal Environments draws together disparate literatures, synthesizes the state of knowledge, and articulates a common framework for the next generation of research on learning science in informal environments across a life span. Contributors include recognized experts in a range of disciplines—research and evaluation, exhibit designers, program developers, and educators. They also have experience in a range of settings—museums, after-school programs, science and technology centers, media enterprises, aquariums, zoos, state parks, and botanical gardens. Learning Science in Informal Environments is an invaluable guide for program and exhibit designers, evaluators, staff of science-rich informal learning institutions and community-based organizations, scientists interested in educational outreach, federal science agency education staff, and K-12 science educators. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Schickedanz, Adam %T Assessing and Improving Value in Cancer Care: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-13814-7 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12644/assessing-and-improving-value-in-cancer-care-workshop-summary %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12644/assessing-and-improving-value-in-cancer-care-workshop-summary %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 164 %X Unlike many other areas in health care, the practice of oncology presents unique challenges that make assessing and improving value especially complex. First, patients and professionals feel a well-justified sense of urgency to treat for cure, and if cure is not possible, to extend life and reduce the burden of disease. Second, treatments are often both life sparing and highly toxic. Third, distinctive payment structures for cancer medicines are intertwined with practice. Fourth, providers often face tremendous pressure to apply the newest technologies to patients who fail to respond to established treatments, even when the evidence supporting those technologies is incomplete or uncertain, and providers may be reluctant to stop toxic treatments and move to palliation, even at the end of life. Finally, the newest and most novel treatments in oncology are among the most costly in medicine. This volume summarizes the results of a workshop that addressed these issues from multiple perspectives, including those of patients and patient advocates, providers, insurers, health care researchers, federal agencies, and industry. Its broad goal was to describe value in oncology in a complete and nuanced way, to better inform decisions regarding developing, evaluating, prescribing, and paying for cancer therapeutics. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Transit, Call Centers, and 511: A Guide for Decision Makers %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14277/transit-call-centers-and-511-a-guide-for-decision-makers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14277/transit-call-centers-and-511-a-guide-for-decision-makers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 89 %X TRB’s Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Report 134: Transit, Call Centers, and 511: A Guide for Decision Makers explores the operational characteristics of 511 telephone traveler information systems and examines how 511 systems interact with transit system call centers. This report inventories existing 511 systems throughout the country, documents the extent of transit participation and transit agency experiences with 511, and presents guidance to assist transit agencies and 511 system administrators in determining a transit-511 telephone strategy. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Hernandez, Lyla M. %T Health Literacy, eHealth, and Communication: Putting the Consumer First: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-12642-7 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12474/health-literacy-ehealth-and-communication-putting-the-consumer-first-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12474/health-literacy-ehealth-and-communication-putting-the-consumer-first-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Computers and Information Technology %P 126 %X There is great enthusiasm over the use of emerging interactive health information technologies-often referred to as eHealth-and the potential these technologies have to improve the quality, capacity, and efficiency of the health care system. However, many doctors, advocacy groups, policy makers and consumers are concerned that electronic health systems might help individuals and communities with greater resources while leaving behind those with limited access to technology. In order to address this problem, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy held a workshop to explore the current status of communication technology, the challenges for its use in populations with low health literacy, and the strategies for increasing the benefit of these technologies for populations with low health literacy. The summary of the workshop, "Health Literacy, eHealth, and Communication: Putting the Consumer First," includes participants' comments on these issues. %0 Book %A National Academy of Sciences %T Biographical Memoirs: Volume 90 %@ 978-0-309-12148-4 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12562/biographical-memoirs-volume-90 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12562/biographical-memoirs-volume-90 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Biography and Autobiography %P 456 %X Biographic Memoirs Volume 90 contains the biographies of deceased members of the National Academy of Sciences and bibliographies of their published works. Each biographical essay was written by a member of the Academy familiar with the professional career of the deceased. For historical and bibliographical purposes, these volumes are worth returning to time and again. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Butler, Adrienne Stith %E Clayton, Ellen Wright %T A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program: Mission, Management, and Measurement of Results %@ 978-0-309-13117-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12585/a-review-of-the-hhs-family-planning-program-mission-management %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12585/a-review-of-the-hhs-family-planning-program-mission-management %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 486 %X A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program provides a broad evaluation of the Title X family planning program since its establishment in 1970. The program successfully provides family planning services to its target audience of low-income individuals, but there is room for improvement. While the program's core goals are apparent, a secondary set of changing priorities has emerged without a clear, evidence-based strategic process. Also, funding for the program has increased in actual dollars, but has not kept pace with inflation or increased costs. Several aspects of the program's structure could be improved to increase the ability of Title X to meet the needs of its target population. At the same time, the extent to which the program meets those needs cannot be assessed without a greater capacity for long-term data collection. A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program recommends several specific steps to enhance the management and improve the quality of the program, as well as to demonstrate its direct contribution to important end results, such as reducing rates of unintended pregnancy, cervical cancer, and infertility. The book will guide the Office of Family Planning toward improving the effectiveness of the program. Other parties who will find the research and recommendations valuable include programs receiving Title X funding from the Office of Family Planning, policy makers, researchers, and professional organizations. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %A Institute of Medicine %T Informing the Future: Critical Issues in Health, Fifth Edition %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12709/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health-fifth-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12709/informing-the-future-critical-issues-in-health-fifth-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 170 %X Today, perhaps more than ever, health care is a key item on the nation's agenda. Government policy makers, health professionals, scientists, industrial and civic leaders, patient advocates, and private citizens across the social spectrum are focusing on how best to obtain a high-quality health system that is efficient and affordable in its operation and that functions well for everyone. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) regularly considers this challenge from a variety of perspectives. Recent efforts have focused on improving the organization and operation of the nation's largest health agency; working to assess what diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive services work best; gauging the overall health of the nation's population; and identifying ways to build an even stronger foundation of evidence-based medicine that effectively captures the promise of scientific discovery and technological innovation and enables doctors, nurses, and other health professionals to provide the right care for the right patient at the right time. The body of this book illustrates the work of IOM committees in selected, major areas in recent years, followed by a description of IOM's convening and collaborative activities and fellowship programs. The last section provides a comprehensive bibliography of IOM reports published since 2007. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Lo, Bernard %E Field, Marilyn J. %T Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice %@ 978-0-309-13188-9 %D 2009 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12598/conflict-of-interest-in-medical-research-education-and-practice %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12598/conflict-of-interest-in-medical-research-education-and-practice %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 436 %X Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.