%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Risk Assessment of Proposed ARFF Standards %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21942/risk-assessment-of-proposed-arff-standards %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21942/risk-assessment-of-proposed-arff-standards %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web Only Document 12: Risk Assessment of Proposed ARFF Standards explores air carrier passenger aircraft accidents to help determine if changes to Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) standards would have reduced the number of fatalities or serious injuries that resulted from past accidents. The report compares standards set forth by the Federal Aviation Administration in 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 139, Certification of Airports with the standards of the International Civil Aviation Organization in Annex 14 and standards set forth by the National Fire Protection Association in making determinations of reducing the number of fatalities and serious injuries associated with each accident. In the United States ARFF is only required at airports subject to 14 CFR Part 139 and may not exist at non-Part 139 airports including general aviation airports. Generally, airports serving scheduled air carrier passenger operations with more than nine passenger seats and unscheduled air carrier passenger service with more than 30 seats are required to have a Part 139 certificate. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T HIV Screening and Access to Care: Exploring the Impact of Policies on Access to and Provision of HIV Care %@ 978-0-309-16419-1 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13057/hiv-screening-and-access-to-care-exploring-the-impact-of %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13057/hiv-screening-and-access-to-care-exploring-the-impact-of %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 114 %X With the widespread use of highly active anti-retroviral treatment (HAART), HIV has become a chronic, rather than a fatal, disease. But for their treatment to succeed, patients require uninterrupted care from a health care provider and uninterrupted access to anti-HIV medications. The IOM identifies federal, state, and private health insurance policies that inhibit HIV-positive individuals from initiating or continuing their care. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Wegman, David H. %E Liverman, Catharyn T. %E Schultz, Andrea M. %E Strawbridge, Larisa M. %T Incorporating Occupational Information in Electronic Health Records: Letter Report %@ 978-0-309-21743-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13207/incorporating-occupational-information-in-electronic-health-records-letter-report %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13207/incorporating-occupational-information-in-electronic-health-records-letter-report %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 84 %X Each year in the United States, more than 4,000 occupational fatalities and more than 3 million occupational injuries occur along with more than 160,000 cases of occupational illnesses. Incorporating patients' occupational information into electronic health records (EHRs) could lead to more informed clinical diagnosis and treatment plans as well as more effective policies, interventions, and prevention strategies to improve the overall health of the working population. At the request of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the IOM appointed a committee to examine the rationale and feasibility of incorporating occupational information in patients' EHRs. The IOM concluded that three data elements - occupation, industry, and work-relatedness - were ready for immediate focus, and made recommendations on moving forward efforts to incorporate these elements into EHRs. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Women’s Issues in Transportation: Summary of the 4th International Conference, Volume 2: Technical Papers %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22887/womens-issues-in-transportation-summary-of-the-4th-international-conference-volume-2-technical-papers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22887/womens-issues-in-transportation-summary-of-the-4th-international-conference-volume-2-technical-papers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 287 %X Women’s Issues in Transportation: Summary of the 4th International Conference, Volume 2: Technical Papers includes 27 full peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the October 2009 conference. The conference highlighted the latest research on changing demographics that affect transportation planning, programming, and policy making, as well as the latest research on crash and injury prevention for different segments of the female population. Special attention was given to pregnant and elderly transportation users, efforts to better address and increase women’s personal security when using various modes of transportation, and the impacts of extreme events such as hurricanes and earthquakes on women’s mobility and that of those for whom they are responsible.TRB’s Conference Proceedings 46: Women’s Issues in Transportation, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers includes an overview of the October 2009 conference and six commissioned resource papers, including the two keynote presentations. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters %@ 978-0-309-18719-0 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13098/review-of-the-scientific-approaches-used-during-the-fbis-investigation-of-the-2001-anthrax-letters %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13098/review-of-the-scientific-approaches-used-during-the-fbis-investigation-of-the-2001-anthrax-letters %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Conflict and Security Issues %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Math, Chemistry, and Physics %P 232 %X Less than a month after the September 11, 2001 attacks, letters containing spores of anthrax bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, or B. anthracis) were sent through the U.S. mail. Between October 4 and November 20, 2001, 22 individuals developed anthrax; 5 of the cases were fatal. During its investigation of the anthrax mailings, the FBI worked with other federal agencies to coordinate and conduct scientific analyses of the anthrax letter spore powders, environmental samples, clinical samples, and samples collected from laboratories that might have been the source of the letter-associated spores. The agency relied on external experts, including some who had developed tests to differentiate among strains of B. anthracis. In 2008, seven years into the investigation, the FBI asked the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to conduct an independent review of the scientific approaches used during the investigation of the 2001 B. anthracis mailings. Review of the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI's Investigation of the Anthrax Letters evaluates the scientific foundation for the techniques used by the FBI to determine whether these techniques met appropriate standards for scientific reliability and for use in forensic validation, and whether the FBI reached appropriate scientific conclusions from its use of these techniques. This report reviews and assesses scientific evidence considered in connection with the 2001 Bacillus anthracis mailings. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Viswanathan, Kristin %E Wizemann, Theresa %E Altevogt, Bruce M. %T Preparedness and Response to a Rural Mass Casualty Incident: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-17717-7 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13070/preparedness-and-response-to-a-rural-mass-casualty-incident-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13070/preparedness-and-response-to-a-rural-mass-casualty-incident-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 144 %X Problems contacting emergency services and delayed assistance are not unusual when incidents occur in rural areas, and the consequences can be devastating, particularly with mass casualty incidents. The IOM's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events held a workshop to examine the current capabilities of emergency response systems and the future opportunities to improve mass casualty response in rural communities. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Anderson, Karen M. %T State and Local Policy Initiatives to Reduce Health Disparities: Workshop Summary %@ 978-0-309-18745-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13103/state-and-local-policy-initiatives-to-reduce-health-disparities-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13103/state-and-local-policy-initiatives-to-reduce-health-disparities-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 138 %X Although efforts to reduce health disparities receive attention at the national level, information on the successes of state and local efforts are often not heard. On May 11, 2009, the Institute of Medicine held a public workshop to discuss the role of state and local policy initiatives to reduce health disparities. The workshop brought together stakeholders to learn more about what works in reducing health disparities and ways to focus on localized efforts when working to reduce health disparities. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Erdman, John %E Oria, Maria %E Pillsbury, Laura %T Nutrition and Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Acute and Subacute Health Outcomes in Military Personnel %@ 978-0-309-21008-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13121/nutrition-and-traumatic-brain-injury-improving-acute-and-subacute-health %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13121/nutrition-and-traumatic-brain-injury-improving-acute-and-subacute-health %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Food and Nutrition %P 444 %X Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for up to one-third of combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan, according to some estimates. TBI is also a major problem among civilians, especially those who engage in certain sports. At the request of the Department of Defense, the IOM examined the potential role of nutrition in the treatment of and resilience against TBI. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14573/evaluation-of-safety-strategies-at-signalized-intersections %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14573/evaluation-of-safety-strategies-at-signalized-intersections %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 38 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 705: Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections explores crash modification factors (CMFs) for safety strategies at signalized intersections. CMFs are a tool for quickly estimating the impact of safety improvements. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence: Third Edition %@ 978-0-309-21421-6 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13163/reference-manual-on-scientific-evidence-third-edition %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13163/reference-manual-on-scientific-evidence-third-edition %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %K Biology and Life Sciences %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 1034 %X The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, Third Edition, assists judges in managing cases involving complex scientific and technical evidence by describing the basic tenets of key scientific fields from which legal evidence is typically derived and by providing examples of cases in which that evidence has been used. First published in 1994 by the Federal Judicial Center, the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence has been relied upon in the legal and academic communities and is often cited by various courts and others. Judges faced with disputes over the admissibility of scientific and technical evidence refer to the manual to help them better understand and evaluate the relevance, reliability and usefulness of the evidence being proffered. The manual is not intended to tell judges what is good science and what is not. Instead, it serves to help judges identify issues on which experts are likely to differ and to guide the inquiry of the court in seeking an informed resolution of the conflict. The core of the manual consists of a series of chapters (reference guides) on various scientific topics, each authored by an expert in that field. The topics have been chosen by an oversight committee because of their complexity and frequency in litigation. Each chapter is intended to provide a general overview of the topic in lay terms, identifying issues that will be useful to judges and others in the legal profession. They are written for a non-technical audience and are not intended as exhaustive presentations of the topic. Rather, the chapters seek to provide judges with the basic information in an area of science, to allow them to have an informed conversation with the experts and attorneys. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Performance Measures for Freight Transportation %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14520/performance-measures-for-freight-transportation %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14520/performance-measures-for-freight-transportation %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 164 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) Report 10: Performance Measures for Freight Transportation explores a set of measures to gauge the performance of the freight transportation system.The measures are presented in the form of a freight system report card, which reports information in three formats, each increasingly detailed, to serve the needs of a wide variety of users from decision makers at all levels to anyone interested in assessing the performance of the nation’s freight transportation system. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Potential Safety Benefits of Motor Carrier Operational Efficiencies %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14612/potential-safety-benefits-of-motor-carrier-operational-efficiencies %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14612/potential-safety-benefits-of-motor-carrier-operational-efficiencies %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 68 %X TRB’s Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program (CTBSSP) Synthesis 20: Potential Safety Benefits of Motor Carrier Operational Efficiencies addresses risk avoidance strategies and highlights their use and perceived safety effects. The report is designed to assist motor carriers in deploying their vehicles in ways that may minimize crash risk. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Research Council %T The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue %@ 978-0-309-21696-8 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13201/the-effects-of-commuting-on-pilot-fatigue %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13201/the-effects-of-commuting-on-pilot-fatigue %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 222 %X Nearly everyone experiences fatigue, but some professions—such as aviation, medicine and the military—demand alert, precise, rapid, and well-informed decision making and communication with little margin for error. The potential for fatigue to negatively affect human performance is well established. Concern about this potential in the aviation context extends back decades, with both airlines and pilots agreeing that fatigue is a safety concern. A more recent consideration is whether and how pilot commuting, conducted in a pilot's off-duty time, may affect fatigue during flight duty. In summer 2010 the U.S. Congress directed the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to update the federal regulations that govern pilot flight and duty time, taking into account recent research related to sleep and fatigue. As part of their directive, Congress also instructed FAA to have the National Academy of Sciences conduct a study on the effects of commuting on pilot fatigue. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue reviews research and other information related to the prevalence and characteristics of commuting; to the science of sleep, fatigue, and circadian rhythms; to airline and regulatory oversight policies; and to pilot and airline practices. The Effects of Commuting on Pilot Fatigue discusses the policy, economic, and regulatory issues that affect pilot commuting, and outlines potential next steps, including recommendations for regulatory or administrative actions, or further research by the FAA. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Women’s Issues in Transportation: Summary of the 4th International Conference, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22901/womens-issues-in-transportation-summary-of-the-4th-international-conference-volume-1-conference-overview-and-plenary-papers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22901/womens-issues-in-transportation-summary-of-the-4th-international-conference-volume-1-conference-overview-and-plenary-papers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 132 %X TRB’s Conference Proceedings 46: Women’s Issues in Transportation: Summary of the 4th International Conference, Volume 1: Conference Overview and Plenary Papers includes an overview of the October 2009 conference and six commissioned resource papers, including the two keynote presentations. Women’s Issues in Transportation: Summary of the 4th International Conference, Volume 2: Technical Papers includes 27 full peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the October 2009 conference. The conference highlighted the latest research on changing demographics that affect transportation planning, programming, and policy making, as well as the latest research on crash and injury prevention for different segments of the female population. Special attention was given to pregnant and elderly transportation users, efforts to better address and increase women’s personal security when using various modes of transportation, and the impacts of extreme events such as hurricanes and earthquakes on women’s mobility and that of those for whom they are responsible. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Evaluation of Data Needs, Crash Surrogates, and Analysis Methods to Address Lane Departure Research Questions Using Naturalistic Driving Study Data %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22848/evaluation-of-data-needs-crash-surrogates-and-analysis-methods-to-address-lane-departure-research-questions-using-naturalistic-driving-study-data %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22848/evaluation-of-data-needs-crash-surrogates-and-analysis-methods-to-address-lane-departure-research-questions-using-naturalistic-driving-study-data %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 0 %X TRB’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-S01E-RW-1: Evaluation of Data Needs, Crash Surrogates, and Analysis Methods to Address Lane Departure Research Questions Using Naturalistic Driving Study Data examines the statistical relationship between surrogate measures of collisions (conflicts, critical incidents, near collisions, or roadside encroachments) and actual collisions.The primary objective of the work described in this report, as well as other projects conducted under the title, Development of Analysis Methods Using Recent Data, was to investigate the feasibility of using naturalistic driving study data to increase the understanding of lane departure crashes.This publication is available only in electronic format. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Guidelines for Ramp and Interchange Spacing %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22891/guidelines-for-ramp-and-interchange-spacing %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/22891/guidelines-for-ramp-and-interchange-spacing %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 183 %X TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 687: Guidelines for Ramp and Interchange Spacing explores guidelines for ramp and interchange spacing based on design, operations, safety, and signing considerations.The report is designed to help aid the decision-making process when an agency is considering new ramps or interchanges on existing facilities, modifying ramps and interchanges of existing facilities, or when planning and designing new highway and interchange facilities. The guidelines also offer standardized definitions measuring ramp and interchange spacing, which have varied in previous design guides.A final report documenting the full research effort related to the development of NCHRP Report 687 was published as NCHRP Web-Only Document 169. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Ramp Safety Practices %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14599/ramp-safety-practices %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/14599/ramp-safety-practices %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 59 %X TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 29: Ramp Safety Practices addresses the current state of ground handling practices, focusing on safety measures and training.Issues addressed in the report include ramp safety operations, staff roles and responsibilities, safety training, audit and inspection programs, safety violation programs, and collaborative safety initiatives, such as foreign object debris programs. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Wireless Technology Prospects and Policy Options %@ 978-0-309-16398-9 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13051/wireless-technology-prospects-and-policy-options %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13051/wireless-technology-prospects-and-policy-options %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 112 %X The use of radio-frequency communication--commonly referred to as wireless communication--is becoming more pervasive as well as more economically and socially important. Technological progress over many decades has enabled the deployment of several successive generations of cellular telephone technology, which is now used by many billions of people worldwide; the near-universal addition of wireless local area networking to personal computers; and a proliferation of actual and proposed uses of wireless communications. The flood of new technologies, applications, and markets has also opened up opportunities for examining and adjusting the policy framework that currently governs the management and use of the spectrum and the institutions involved in it, and models for allocating spectrum and charging for it have come under increasing scrutiny. Yet even as many agree that further change to the policy framework is needed, there is debate about precisely how the overall framework should be changed, what trajectory its evolution should follow, and how dramatic or rapid the change should be. Many groups have opinions, positions, demands, and desires related to these questions--reflecting multiple commercial, social, and political agendas and a mix of technical, economic, and social perspectives. The development of technologies and associated policy and regulatory regimes are often closely coupled, an interplay apparent as early as the 1910s, when spectrum policy emerged in response to the growth of radio communications. As outlined in this report, current and ongoing technological advances suggest the need for a careful reassessment of the assumptions that inform spectrum policy in the United States today. This book seeks to shine a spotlight on 21st-century technology trends and to outline the implications of emerging technologies for spectrum management in ways that the committee hopes will be useful to those setting future spectrum policy. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %T What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13006/what-you-need-to-know-about-infectious-disease %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13006/what-you-need-to-know-about-infectious-disease %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 44 %X About a quarter of deaths worldwide--many of them children--are caused by infectious organisms. The World Health Organization reports that new infectious diseases are continuing to emerge and familiar ones are appearing in new locations around the globe. What's behind this trend? How can invisible organisms cause such harm? And to what extent has human behavior amplified the problem? What You Need to Know About Infectious Disease provides an overview of infectious disease, drawing on reports of the Institute of Medicine. Written for a general audience, it describes the biology, history, and future trends of some of the world's most widespread and harmful infections and explains what we need to do--as individuals and as a society--to address this global challenge. %0 Book %A Institute of Medicine %E Cohen, Howard J. %E Liverman, Catharyn T. %T Certifying Personal Protective Technologies: Improving Worker Safety %@ 978-0-309-15855-8 %D 2011 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12962/certifying-personal-protective-technologies-improving-worker-safety %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/12962/certifying-personal-protective-technologies-improving-worker-safety %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Industry and Labor %K Health and Medicine %P 166 %X When you purchase a product, you expect it to work. Construction workers on high-rise buildings need to be confident that their safety harnesses will arrest a fall. Firefighters need to know that their gloves and other protective equipment can withstand high temperatures. Healthcare workers administering highly toxic chemotherapy agents need to know that their gloves will withstand penetration. For personal protective technologies (PPT)—where the major purpose of the product is to protect the wearer against a hazard—a deficit in product effectiveness can mean injury, illness, or death. Examining the extent to which products meet specific performance or design criteria is the focus of conformity assessment efforts. For PPT conformity assessment, the ultimate goal is preventing worker illness, injury, or death from hazardous working conditions. Certifying Personal Protective Technologies focuses on conformity assessment for occupational PPT—ensuring that PPT are effective in preventing or reducing hazardous exposures or situations that workers face in their jobs. Because respirators already have an extensive testing and conformity assessment process in place, this book specifically addresses conformity assessment processes for other types of PPT, including eye and face protection, gloves, hearing protectors, and protective clothing.