@BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Missouri River Planning: Recognizing and Incorporating Sediment Management", isbn = "978-0-309-16203-6", abstract = "Historically, the flow of sediment in the Missouri River has been as important as the flow of water for a variety of river functions. The sediment has helped form a dynamic network of islands, sandbars, and floodplains, and provided habitats for native species. Further downstream, sediment transported by the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers has helped build and sustain the coastal wetlands of the Mississippi River delta. The construction of dams and river bank control structures on the Missouri River and its tributaries, however, has markedly reduced the volume of sediment transported by the river. These projects have had several ecological impacts, most notably on some native fish and bird species that depended on habitats and landforms created by sediment flow. \n\nMissouri River Planning describes the historic role of sediment in the Missouri River, evaluates current habitat restoration strategies, and discusses possible sediment management alternatives. The book finds that a better understanding of the processes of sediment transport, erosion, and deposition in the Missouri River will be useful in furthering river management objectives, such as protection of endangered species and development of water quality standards.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13019/missouri-river-planning-recognizing-and-incorporating-sediment-management", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Twentieth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels: Part B", abstract = "Exposure to high-priority, acutely toxic chemicals for prolonged periods can potentially manifest into adverse health effects and deadly outcomes. Thus, to identify, review, and interpret relevant toxicological and other scientific data and to develop acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs), the National Advisory Committee (NAC) established applications for federal, state, and local governments, as well as for the private sector. These guidelines frame emergency-response plans in case extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) are released from accidents or terrorist activities. \nIn 1991, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to provide technical guidance for establishing community emergency expose levels for extremely hazardous substances. In response to that request and continued efforts to provide current advisory material, the Twentieth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels: Part B is the second of a two part report that reviews the proposed AEGLs for scientific validity, completeness, internal consistency, and conformance to prior National Research Council guideline reports. This report also reviews NAC's research recommendations and identifies additional priorities for research to fill data gaps.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13198/twentieth-interim-report-of-the-committee-on-acute-exposure-guideline-levels", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nineteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels: Part B", abstract = "The present report is the committee's 19th interim report. It summarizes the committee's conclusions and recommendations for improving NAC's AEGL documents for 5 aliphatic nitriles: acetonitrile, isobutyronitrile, propionitrile, chloroacetontrile, and malonitrile.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13096/nineteenth-interim-report-of-the-committee-on-acute-exposure-guideline-levels", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Nineteenth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels: Part A", abstract = "The present report is the committee's 19th interim report. It summarizes the committee's conclusions and recommendations for improving NAC's AEGL documents for the following chemicals and chemical classes: acrylonitrile, benzonitrile, boron tribromide, BZ (3-quinuclidinyl benzilate), chloroarsenicals, chloroformates, bis-chloromethylether, chloromethylether, chlorosilanes (26 selected compounds), cyanogen, ethyl mercaptan, hexafluoroacetone, lewisites, mercury vapor, nitric acid, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen tetroxide, oleum, phenyl mercaptan, propargyl alcohol, selenium hexafluoride, silane, sulfer trioxide, sulfuric acid, tear gas, tert-octyl mercaptan, tetramethoxy silane, thionyl chloride, trimethoxysilane, trimethylbenzenes (1,2,4-; 1,2,5-;and 1,3,5-TMB), and vinyl chloride.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13095/nineteenth-interim-report-of-the-committee-on-acute-exposure-guideline-levels", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Twentieth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels: Part A", abstract = "Extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) can be released accidentally as a result of chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or accidents involving railroad cars or trucks transporting EHSs. They can also be released intentionally through terrorist activities, or inadvertently by improper storage or handling. Workers and residents in communities surrounding industrial facilities where EHSs are manufactured, used or stored, and in communities along the nation's railways and highways, are potentially at risk of being exposed to airborne EHSs during accidental or intentional releases. \nThe Twentieth Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels: Part A presents conclusions and recommendations for improving the National Advisory Committee (NCA) on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGL) documents for the various twenty-nine chemicals and chemical classes, among them being chloroacetyl chloride, butane, ethyl, and nitrogen mustards. In addition to providing advisory data, the interim report reviews the proposed AEGLs for scientific validity, completeness, internal consistency, and conformance to prior National Research Council guideline reports. The report reviews NAC's research recommendations and-when appropriate-identifies additional priorities for research to fill data gaps. Moreover, this all-inclusive report provides updated technical guidance for establishing community emergency exposure levels for extremely hazardous substances pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13197/twentieth-interim-report-of-the-committee-on-acute-exposure-guideline-levels", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Improving Health in the United States: The Role of Health Impact Assessment", isbn = "978-0-309-21883-2", abstract = "Factoring health and related costs into decision making is essential to confronting the nation's health problems and enhancing public well-being. Some policies and programs historically not recognized as relating to health are believed or known to have important health consequences. For example, public health has been linked to an array of policies that determine the quality and location of housing, availability of public transportation, land use and street connectivity, agricultural practices and the availability of various types of food, and development and location of businesses and industry.\nImproving Health in the United States: The Role of Health Impact Assessment offers guidance to officials in the public and private sectors on conducting HIAs to evaluate public health consequences of proposed decisions\u2014such as those to build a major roadway, plan a city's growth, or develop national agricultural policies\u2014and suggests actions that could minimize adverse health impacts and optimize beneficial ones.\nSeveral approaches could be used to incorporate aspects of health into decision making, but HIA holds particular promise because of its applicability to a broad array of programs, consideration of both adverse and beneficial health effects, ability to consider and incorporate various types of evidence, and engagement of communities and stakeholders in a deliberative process. The report notes that HIA should not be assumed to be the best approach to every health policy question but rather should be seen as part of a spectrum of public health and policy-oriented approaches.\nThe report presents a six-step framework for conducting HIA of proposed policies, programs, plans, and projects at federal, state, tribal, and local levels, including within the private sector. In addition, the report identifies several challenges to the successful use of HIA, such as balancing the need to provide timely information with the realities of varying data quality, producing quantitative estimates of health effects, and engaging stakeholders.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13229/improving-health-in-the-united-states-the-role-of-health", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council and Institute of Medicine", title = "A Risk-Characterization Framework for Decision-Making at the Food and Drug Administration", isbn = "978-0-309-21280-9", abstract = "With the responsibility to ensure the safety of food, drugs, and other products, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) faces decisions that may have public-health consequences every day. Often the decisions must be made quickly and on the basis of incomplete information. FDA recognized that collecting and evaluating information on the risks posed by the regulated products in a systematic manner would aid in its decision-making process. Consequently, FDA and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to develop a conceptual model that could evaluate products or product categories that FDA regulates and provide information on the potential health consequences associated with them.\n\nA Risk-Characterization Framework for Decision-Making at the Food and Drug Administration describes the proposed risk-characterization framework that can be used to evaluate, compare, and communicate the public-health consequences of decisions concerning a wide variety of products. The framework presented in this report is intended to complement other risk-based approaches that are in use and under development at FDA, not replace them. It provides a common language for describing potential public-health consequences of decisions, is designed to have wide applicability among all FDA centers, and draws extensively on the well-vetted risk literature to define the relevant health dimensions for decision-making at the FDA. The report illustrates the use of that framework with several case studies, and provides conclusions and recommendations.\n\n ", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13156/a-risk-characterization-framework-for-decision-making-at-the-food-and-drug-administration", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde", isbn = "978-0-309-21193-2", abstract = "Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air, and everyone is exposed to formaldehyde at some concentration daily. Formaldehyde is used to produce a wide array of products, particularly building materials; it is emitted from many sources, including power plants, cars, gas and wood stoves, and cigarettes; it is a natural product in come foods; and it is naturally present in the human body as a metabolic intermediate. Much research has been conducted on the health effects of exposure to formaldehyde, including effects on the upper airway, where formaldehyde is deposited when inhaled, and effects on tissues distant from the site of initial contact. \nThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released noncancer and cancer assessments of formaldehyde for its Intergated Risk Information System (IRIS) in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The agency began reassessing formaldehyde in 1998 and released a draft IRIS assessment in June 2010. Given the complexity of the issues and the knowledge that the assessment will be used as the basis of regulatory decisions, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment. \nIn this report, the Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde first addresses some general issues associated with the draft IRIS assessment. The committee next focuses on questions concerning specific aspects of the draft assessment, including derivation of the reference concentrations and the cancer unit risk estimates for formaldehyde. The committee closes with recommendations for improving the IRIS assessment of formaldehyde and provides some general comments on the IRIS development process.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13142/review-of-the-environmental-protection-agencys-draft-iris-assessment-of-formaldehyde", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" } @BOOK{NAP author = "National Research Council", title = "Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 10", isbn = "978-0-309-21987-7", abstract = "Extremely hazardous substances (EHSs)² can be released accidentally as a result of chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or accidents involving railroad cars and trucks transporting EHSs. Workers and residents in communities surrounding industrial facilities where EHSs are manufactured, used, or stored and in communities along the nation's railways and highways are potentially at risk of being exposed to airborne EHSs during accidental releases or intentional releases by terrorists. Pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified approximately 400 EHSs on the basis of acute lethality data in rodents.\nAs part of its efforts to develop acute exposure guideline levels for EHSs, EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) in 1991 requested that the National Research Council (NRC) develop guidelines for establishing such levels. In response to that request, the NRC published Guidelines for Developing Community Emergency Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances in 1993. Subsequently, Standard Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances was published in 2001, providing updated procedures, methodologies, and other guidelines used by the National Advisory Committee (NAC) on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances and the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) in developing the AEGL values. In 1998, EPA and DOD requested that the NRC independently review the AEGLs developed by NAC. In response to that request, the NRC organized within its Committee on Toxicology (COT) the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, which prepared this report.\nAcute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals is the tenth volume of the series and documents for N,N-dimethylformamide, jet propellant fuels 5 and 8, methyl ethyl ketone, perchloromethyl mercaptan, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride, and sulfuryl chloride.", url = "https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/13247/acute-exposure-guideline-levels-for-selected-airborne-chemicals-volume-10", year = 2011, publisher = "The National Academies Press", address = "Washington, DC" }