%0 Book %A National Research Council %T Review of California's Risk-Assessment Process for Pesticides %@ 978-0-309-36775-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21664/review-of-californias-risk-assessment-process-for-pesticides %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21664/review-of-californias-risk-assessment-process-for-pesticides %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 70 %X The California Department of Pesticide Regulation(DPR)conducts human health risk assessments as part of its mission to ensure the protection of workers and public health in the state. The risk assessments identify potential health hazards posed by pesticides, characterize dose-response relationships, and estimate exposure to characterize potential risks to humans. Over the last decade, advances in methods of scientific and technical analysis have led to improvements in the risk-assessment process that have made them more rigorous, transparent, and useful to risk managers. In light of the advances, the California legislature asked DPR to arrange an independent peer review of the agency's risk-assessment practices to ensure that they are scientifically and technically credible. Review of California's Risk-Assessment Process for Pesticides examines DPR's processes of hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response analysis, and risk characterization to determine whether they are consistent with best practices. This report also evaluates the methods used for setting priorities among pesticides for risk assessment and identifies possible options for improving efficiency and productivity. Recommendations of this report will help to make the process more transparent and defensible. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Application of Modern Toxicology Approaches for Predicting Acute Toxicity for Chemical Defense %@ 978-0-309-37666-2 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21775/application-of-modern-toxicology-approaches-for-predicting-acute-toxicity-for-chemical-defense %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21775/application-of-modern-toxicology-approaches-for-predicting-acute-toxicity-for-chemical-defense %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 134 %X The US Department of Defense (DOD) is faced with an overwhelming task in evaluating chemicals that could potentially pose a threat to its deployed personnel. There are over 84,000 registered chemicals, and testing them with traditional toxicity-testing methods is not feasible in terms of time or money. In recent years, there has been a concerted effort to develop new approaches to toxicity testing that incorporate advances in systems biology, toxicogenomics, bioinformatics, and computational toxicology. Given the advances, DOD asked the National Research Council to determine how DOD could use modern approaches for predicting chemical toxicity in its efforts to prevent debilitating, acute exposures to deployed personnel. This report provides an overall conceptual approach that DOD could use to develop a predictive toxicology system. Application of Modern Toxicology Approaches for Predicting Acute Toxicity for Chemical Defense reviews the current state of computational and high-throughput approaches for predicting acute toxicity and suggests methods for integrating data and predictions. This report concludes with lessons learned from current high-throughput screening programs and suggests some initial steps for DOD investment. %0 Book %A National Research Council %T Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 19 %@ 978-0-309-36894-0 %D 2015 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21701/acute-exposure-guideline-levels-for-selected-airborne-chemicals-volume-19 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21701/acute-exposure-guideline-levels-for-selected-airborne-chemicals-volume-19 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 224 %X Extremely hazardous substances can be released accidentally as a result of chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or accidents involving railroad cars and trucks transporting EHSs. Workers and residents in communities surrounding industrial facilities where these substances are manufactured, used, or stored and in communities along the nation's railways and highways are potentially at risk of being exposed to airborne EHSs during accidental releases or intentional releases by terrorists. Pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified approximately 400 EHSs on the basis of acute lethality data in rodents. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, Volume 19 identifies, reviews, and interprets relevant toxicologic and other scientific data for selected AEGL documents for cyanide salts, diketene, methacrylaldehyde, pentaborane, tellurium hexafluoride, and tetrafluoroethylene in order to develop acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for these high-priority, acutely toxic chemicals. AEGLs represent threshold exposure limits (exposure levels below which adverse health effects are not likely to occur) for the general public and are applicable to emergency exposures ranging from 10 minutes (min) to 8 h. Three levels - AEGL-1, AEGL-2, and AEGL-3 - are developed for each of five exposure periods (10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 4 h, and 8 h) and are distinguished by varying degrees of severity of toxic effects. This report will inform planning, response, and prevention in the community, the workplace, transportation, the military, and the remediation of Superfund sites.