TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Darla Thompson TI - Community Violence as a Population Health Issue: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/23668 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23668/community-violence-as-a-population-health-issue-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In June 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on public health approaches to reducing and preventing community violence. Participants discussed the effects of trauma and violence on communities and explored approaches that communities and multi-sector partners are using to build safe, resilient, and healthy communities. They also explored community- and hospital-based anti-violence programs, community policing, blight reduction, and the community’s participation in initiatives, including the youth and adults at risk or responsible for much of the violence in communities. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Frederick Rivara A2 - Suzanne Le Menestrel TI - Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice SN - DO - 10.17226/23482 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23482/preventing-bullying-through-science-policy-and-practice PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jocelyn Widmer TI - Investing in Young Children for Peaceful Societies: Individual and Structural Transformation: Workshop in Brief DO - 10.17226/23565 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23565/investing-in-young-children-for-peaceful-societies-individual-and-structural PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Health and Medicine AB - With the worst human refugee crisis since World War II as the backdrop, from March 16 to March 18, 2016, the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally, in partnership with UNICEF and the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Center for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID), held a workshop in Amman, Jordan, to explore topics related to investing in young children for peaceful societies toward individual and structural transformation. Over the course of the 3-day workshop under the patronage of Her Majesty Queen Rania Al Abdullah of Jordan, researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, funders, youth, and other experts came together to understand the effects of conflict and violence on children, women, and youth across areas of health, education, nutrition, social protection, and other service domains. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Karen M. Anderson A2 - Steve Olson TI - The Private Sector as a Catalyst for Health Equity and a Vibrant Economy: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/23529 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23529/the-private-sector-as-a-catalyst-for-health-equity-and-a-vibrant-economy PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - A critical component of the nation’s economic vitality is ensuring that all Americans can contribute and prosper. Such contributions presuppose an intentional focus on achieving the highest levels of health possible, which requires that conditions in communities, schools workplaces, and other settings promote health and address the social determinants of health for all community members. Many organizations, in both the private and public sectors, have been establishing partnerships to further healthy workplaces and health equity in general. Many are taking the lead in producing economic growth that is inclusive and responsive to the nation’s diverse needs and populations. Increasingly, private–public partnerships are emerging as ways of doing business. Additionally, a variety of new developments in health, health care, and community benefits obligations that are part of the Affordable Care Act have contributed to this interest in economic growth and health and in the creation of new partnerships. To examine past successes and future opportunities, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in November 2015. The workshop focused on the potential of the private sector to produce a triple bottom line: economic opportunity (including workforce development) and growth, healthy work and community environments, and improved employee health. At the same time, participants looked beyond the private sector to public–private partnerships and to public-sector actions that combine opportunities for economic growth and good health for all. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Jocelyn Widmer TI - Investing in Young Children for Peaceful Societies: Proceedings of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; UNICEF; and the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Centre for Interreligious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID) SN - DO - 10.17226/23637 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23637/investing-in-young-children-for-peaceful-societies-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - With the worst human refugee crisis since World War II as the backdrop, from March 16 through March 18, 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in partnership with UNICEF and the King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz International Center for Inter-religious and Intercultural Dialogue (KAICIID), held a workshop in Amman, Jordan, to explore topics related to investing in young children for peaceful societies. Over the course of the workshop, researchers, policy makers, program practitioners, funders, youth, and other experts came together to understand the effects of conflict and violence on children, women, and youth across areas of health, education, nutrition, social protection, and other domains. The goal of the workshop was to continue to fill in gaps in knowledge and explore opportunities for discourse through a process of highlighting the science and practice. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health SN - DO - 10.17226/21923 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21923/a-framework-for-educating-health-professionals-to-address-the-social-determinants-of-health PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Education AB - The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life." These forces and systems include economic policies, development agendas, cultural and social norms, social policies, and political systems. In an era of pronounced human migration, changing demographics, and growing financial gaps between rich and poor, a fundamental understanding of how the conditions and circumstances in which individuals and populations exist affect mental and physical health is imperative. Educating health professionals about the social determinants of health generates awareness among those professionals about the potential root causes of ill health and the importance of addressing them in and with communities, contributing to more effective strategies for improving health and health care for underserved individuals, communities, and populations. Recently, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to develop a high-level framework for such health professional education. A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health also puts forth a conceptual model for the framework's use with the goal of helping stakeholder groups envision ways in which organizations, education, and communities can come together to address health inequalities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper TI - Metrics That Matter for Population Health Action: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21899 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21899/metrics-that-matter-for-population-health-action-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In times of rapid change and constrained resources, measures that are important, focused, and reliable are vital. However there is an overabundance of measures available for evaluating various aspects of population health and previous efforts to simplify existing sets to meet the needs of all decision makers have been unsuccessful. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to explore the status and uses of measures and measurement in the work of improving population health. Participants explored existing and emerging population health metric sets and characteristics of metrics necessary for stakeholder action across multiple sectors. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Anna Nicholson A2 - Megan Reeve Snair A2 - Jack Herrmann TI - Global Health Risk Framework: Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems to Respond to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21856 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21856/global-health-risk-framework-resilient-and-sustainable-health-systems-to PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Workshop on Resilient and Sustainable Health Systems to Respond to Global Infectious Disease Outbreaks are summarized in this report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Darla Thompson TI - Framing the Dialogue on Race and Ethnicity to Advance Health Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/23576 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23576/framing-the-dialogue-on-race-and-ethnicity-to-advance-health-equity PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - In February 2016, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in which speakers shared strategies for individuals, organizations, and communities to advance racial and health equity. Participants discussed increasing awareness about the role of historical contexts and dominant narratives in interpreting data and information about different racial and ethnic groups, framing messages for different social and political outcomes, and readying people to institutionalize practices, policies, and partnerships that advance racial and health equity. This publication serves as a factual summary of the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Eugene Steuerle A2 - Leigh Miles Jackson TI - Advancing the Power of Economic Evidence to Inform Investments in Children, Youth, and Families SN - DO - 10.17226/23481 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23481/advancing-the-power-of-economic-evidence-to-inform-investments-in-children-youth-and-families PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - In recent years, the U.S. federal government has invested approximately $463 billion annually in interventions that affect the overall health and well-being of children and youth, while state and local budgets have devoted almost double that amount. The potential returns on these investments may not only be substantial but also have long-lasting effects for individuals and succeeding generations of their families. Ideally, those tasked with making these investments would have available to them the evidence needed to determine the cost of all required resources to fully implement and sustain each intervention, the expected returns of the investment, to what extent these returns can be measured in monetary or nonmonetary terms, and who will receive the returns and when. As a result of a number of challenges, however, such evidence may not be effectively produced or applied. Low-quality evidence and/or a failure to consider the context in which the evidence will be used may weaken society's ability to invest wisely, and also reduce future demand for this and other types of evidence. Advancing the Power of Economic Evidence to Inform Investments in Children, Youth, and Families highlights the potential for economic evidence to inform investment decisions for interventions that support the overall health and well-being of children, youth, and families. This report describes challenges to the optimal use of economic evidence, and offers recommendations to stakeholders to promote a lasting improvement in its quality, utility, and use. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Charlee Alexander TI - Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Summary of a Joint Workshop by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Open Society Foundations; and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA) SN - DO - 10.17226/23491 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23491/reaching-and-investing-in-children-at-the-margins-summary-of PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for 2015-2030 strive for a world that is "just, equitable, and inclusive," in which everyone receives care, education, and opportunities to thrive. Yet many children are living on the margins of society, face multiple disadvantages, and are excluded from full participation in all that life has to offer. To examine the science, economics, and politics of investing in the health, education, nutrition, and social protection of children at the margins, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in Prague, Czech Republic in November 2015. Held in partnership with the Open Society Foundations and the International Step by Step Association, the workshop convened a diverse group of stakeholders from around the world for 2 days of discussion. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Paul S. Appelbaum A2 - Carol Mason Spicer A2 - Frank R. Valliere TI - Informing Social Security's Process for Financial Capability Determination SN - DO - 10.17226/21922 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21922/informing-social-securitys-process-for-financial-capability-determination PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides benefits to disabled adults and children, offering vital financial support to more than 19 million disabled Americans. Of that group, approximately 5.5 million have been deemed – by virtue of youth or mental or physical impairment - incapable of managing or directing the management of their benefits. Hence, a representative payee has been appointed to receive and disburse SSA payments for these beneficiaries to ensure that their basic needs for shelter, food, and clothing are met. Periodically, however, concerns have been expressed about the accuracy of the process by which SSA determines whether beneficiaries are capable of managing their benefits, with some evidence suggesting that underdetection of incapable recipients may be a particular problem. The importance of creating as accurate a process as possible for incapability determinations is underscored by the consequences of incorrectly identifying recipients either as incapable when they can manage their benefits or as capable when they cannot. Failure to identify beneficiaries who are incapable of managing their funds means abandoning a vulnerable population to potential homelessness, hunger, and disease. Informing Social Security's Process for Financial Capability Determination considers capability determination processes used by other similar benefit programs, abilities required to manage, and direct the management of, benefits, and effective methods and measures for assessing capability. This report evaluates SSA's capability determination process for adult beneficiaries and provides recommendations for improving the accuracy and efficiency of the agency's policy and procedures for making these determinations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Charlee Alexander TI - Reaching and Investing in Children at the Margins: Workshop in Brief DO - 10.17226/23408 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23408/reaching-and-investing-in-children-at-the-margins-workshop-in PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - On November 3-4, 2015, the Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in partnership with the Open Society Foundations and the International Step by Step Association (ISSA), held a workshop to examine the science and economics of investing in the health, education, nutrition, and social protection of children at the margins of society. Over the course of the public workshop, individual participants sought to bring to the foreground a scientific perspective of children at the margins and explore how discrimination and social exclusion affect early development, focusing on vulnerable populations such as children living outside of family care; children from diverse ethnic and linguistic backgrounds such as Roma; children with developmental delays and disabilities; and refugee, immigrant, and migrant children. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Gillian J. Buckley A2 - Rachel E. Pittluck TI - Global Health Risk Framework: Pandemic Financing: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21855 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21855/global-health-risk-framework-pandemic-financing-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Since the 2014 Ebola outbreak many public- and private-sector leaders have seen a need for improved management of global public health emergencies. The effects of the Ebola epidemic go well beyond the three hardest-hit countries and beyond the health sector. Education, child protection, commerce, transportation, and human rights have all suffered. The consequences and lethality of Ebola have increased interest in coordinated global response to infectious threats, many of which could disrupt global health and commerce far more than the recent outbreak. In order to explore the potential for improving international management and response to outbreaks the National Academy of Medicine agreed to manage an international, independent, evidence-based, authoritative, multistakeholder expert commission. As part of this effort, the Institute of Medicine convened four workshops in summer of 2015 to inform the commission report. The presentations and discussions from the Pandemic Financing Workshop are summarized in this report. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Rachel M. Taylor TI - Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21747 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21747/approaches-to-universal-health-coverage-and-occupational-health-and-safety-for-the-informal-workforce-in-developing-countries PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Universal health coverage (UHC) has been recognized by the World Health Organization as a key element in reducing social inequality and a critical component of sustainable development and poverty reduction. In most of the world UHC is sought through a combination of public and private-sector health care systems. In most low- and middle-income countries health systems are evolving to increasingly rely on the private sector because the public sector lacks the infrastructure and staff to meet all health care needs. With growing individual assets available for private-sector expenditure, patients often seek better access to technology, staff, and medicines. However, in low-income countries nearly 50 percent of health care financing is out-of-pocket. With the expected increase in the overall fraction of care provided through the private sector, these expenditures can be financially catastrophic for individuals in the informal workforce. In the global workforce of approximately 3 billion people, only 10 to 15 percent are estimated to have some type of access to occupational health services. The informal workforce is growing worldwide, and the degree to which its occupational health needs are satisfied depends on the capabilities of the general health care system. In July 2014, the Institute of Medicine held a workshop on approaches to universal health coverage and occupational health and safety for informal sector workers in developing countries. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from this workshop. Approaches to Universal Health Coverage and Occupational Health and Safety for the Informal Workforce in Developing Countries identifies best practices and lessons learned for the informal workforce in developing countries in the financing of health care with respect to health care delivery models that are especially suitable to meeting a population's needs for a variety of occupational health issues, including the prevention of or mitigation of hazardous risks and the costs of providing medical and rehabilitation services and other benefits to various types of workers within this population. These experiences and lessons learned may be useful for stakeholders in moving the discussions, policies, and mechanisms forward to increase equitable access to quality health services without financial hardship for the informal workforce. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Institute of Medicine AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Patricia A. Cuff TI - Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education: Workshop Summary SN - DO - 10.17226/21796 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/21796/envisioning-the-future-of-health-professional-education-workshop-summary PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Education AB - In April 2015, the Institute of Medicine convened a public workshop to explore recent shifts in the health and health care industry and their implications for health professional education (HPE) and workforce learning. This study serves as a follow-up to the 2009 Lancet Commission report on health professions education for the 21st century and seeks to expand the report's messages beyond medicine, nursing, and public health. Envisioning the Future of Health Professional Education discusses opportunities for new platforms of communication and learning, continuous education of the health workforce, opportunities for team-based care and other types of collaborations, and social accountability of the health professions. This study explores the implications that shifts in health, policy, and the health care industry could have on HPE and workforce learning, identifies learning platforms that could facilitate effective knowledge transfer with improved quality and efficiency, and discusses opportunities for building a global health workforce that understands the role of culture and health literacy in perceptions and approaches to health and disease. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Janet L. Lauritsen A2 - Daniel L. Cork TI - Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 1: Defining and Classifying Crime SN - DO - 10.17226/23492 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23492/modernizing-crime-statistics-report-1-defining-and-classifying-crime PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Surveys and Statistics AB - To derive statistics about crime – to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it – a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statistics—intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records —to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. The key distinction between the rigorous classification proposed in this report and the “classifications” that have come before in U.S. crime statistics is that it is intended to partition the entirety of behaviors that could be considered criminal offenses into mutually exclusive categories. Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 1: Defining and Classifying Crime assesses and makes recommendations for the development of a modern set of crime measures in the United States and the best means for obtaining them. This first report develops a new classification of crime by weighing various perspectives on how crime should be defined and organized with the needs and demands of the full array of crime data users and stakeholders. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity: Navigating the Evidence SN - DO - 10.17226/23505 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23505/assessing-prevalence-and-trends-in-obesity-navigating-the-evidence PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Food and Nutrition AB - Obesity has come to the forefront of the American public health agenda. The increased attention has led to a growing interest in quantifying obesity prevalence and determining how the prevalence has changed over time. Estimates of obesity prevalence and trends are fundamental to understanding and describing the scope of issue. Policy makers, program planners, and other stakeholders at the national, state, and local levels are among those who search for estimates relevant to their population(s) of interest to inform their decision-making. The differences in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data have given rise to a body of evidence that is inconsistent and has created barriers to interpreting and applying published reports. As such, there is a need to provide guidance to those who seek to better understand and use estimates of obesity prevalence and trends. Assessing Prevalence and Trends in Obesity examines the approaches to data collection, analysis, and interpretation that have been used in recent reports on obesity prevalence and trends at the national, state, and local level, particularly among U.S. children, adolescents, and young adults. This report offers a framework for assessing studies on trends in obesity, principally among children and young adults, for policy making and program planning purposes, and recommends ways decision makers and others can move forward in assessing and interpreting reports on obesity trends. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Theresa Wizemann A2 - Alina Baciu TI - Exploring Data and Metrics of Value at the Intersection of Health Care and Transportation: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/23638 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23638/exploring-data-and-metrics-of-value-at-the-intersection-of-health-care-and-transportation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Evidence from the public health sector demonstrates that health care is only one of the determinants of health, which also include genes, behavior, social factors, and the built environment. These contextual elements are key to understanding why health care organizations are motivated to focus beyond their walls and to consider and respond in unprecedented ways to the social needs of patients, including transportation needs. In June 2016 the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a joint workshop to explore partnerships, data, and measurement at the intersection of the health care and transportation sectors. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Larry W. Thomas TI - Compendium of State and Federal Laws Affecting the Possession of Firearms at Airports DO - 10.17226/23596 PY - 2016 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/23596/compendium-of-state-and-federal-laws-affecting-the-possession-of-firearms-at-airports PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Web Only Document 29: Compendium of State and Federal Laws Affecting the Possession of Firearms at Airports contains an index and text of federal and state statutes as well United States Code and federal regulations affecting the possession of firearms at airports. The document accompanies ACRP Legal Research Digest 29: Impact of Firearms Laws on Airports that analyzes recent court cases on federal and state laws that have been challenged for restricting or prohibiting the carrying of firearms in public and other places. The digest also includes a compendium of federal and state laws that are relevant to the carrying of guns at airports and elsewhere. ER -