%0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Admissibility and Public Availability of Transit Safety Planning Records %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25144/admissibility-and-public-availability-of-transit-safety-planning-records %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25144/admissibility-and-public-availability-of-transit-safety-planning-records %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 72 %X In 2012, Congress gave the U.S. Federal Transit Administration (FTA) the authority to establish a new comprehensive framework to oversee the safety of the country’s public transit systems. As part of that framework, state and local transit agencies are required to engage in safety planning. In the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act of 2015, Congress asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to evaluate and provide recommendations on whether it is in the public interest for transit agencies to be allowed to withhold from civil litigation all records developed in compliance with this new federal safety planning requirement.TRB Special Report 326: Admissibility and Public Availability of Transit Safety Planning Records considers the arguments favoring and opposing evidentiary protections for safety planning records and the rationale for Congressional decisions to grant such protections in other transportation modes. The report examines factors that Congress must consider when deciding where the public interest balance lies. They include a desire for transit agencies to engage in high-quality safety planning without fear of the planning records being used against them in court and the preservation of a tort system that deters unsafe conditions and allows injured parties to be justly compensated. Recommendations to Congress and FTA are offered with these and other important factors in mind. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Taylor, Rachel M. %E Alper, Joe %T Using Technology to Advance Global Health: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46477-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24882/using-technology-to-advance-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24882/using-technology-to-advance-global-health-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 96 %X To explore how the use of technology can facilitate progress toward globally recognized health priorities, the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety organized a public workshop. Participants identified and explored the major challenges and opportunities for developing and implementing digital health strategies within the global, country, and local context, and framed the case for cross-sector and cross-industry collaboration, engagement, and investment in digital health strategies. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Critical Issues in Transportation 2019 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25314/critical-issues-in-transportation-2019 %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25314/critical-issues-in-transportation-2019 %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 49 %X The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and equity issues will be included soon in Critical Issues in Transportation 2019. In this report, which is updated periodically by the TRB Executive Committee, a series of challenging questions are posed to explore issues and opportunities that may arise 10 to 20 years into the future. These questions, 63 in all, have been organized into 12 topic areas and provide a way to frame future areas of research, policy analysis, and debate.Critical issues identified in this report deserve attention because of transportation’s central role in serving individuals and society. This document serves to sharpen society's collective understanding of transportation and its ramifications, while informing decisions by individual citizens and officials in both the public and private sectors. The issues have been identified and documented from a U.S. perspective, and are also common across developed nations.Download the executive overview, Critical Issues in Transportation: Policy Snapshot and or visit www.TRB.org/criticalissues from your mobile device. On March 5, 2019, TRB and the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) cohosted a webinar that covered TRB’s Critical Issues in Transportation 2019 report and the 2019-2020 NTSB’s Most Wanted List. Presenters focused on issues of safety and security across all modes of transportation. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Kipp, David %E Nessi, Dominic %T Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24980/guidance-for-planning-design-and-operations-of-airport-communications-centers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24980/guidance-for-planning-design-and-operations-of-airport-communications-centers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 172 %X TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report 182: Guidance for Planning, Design, and Operations of Airport Communications Centers helps airports of all sizes determine which type of airport communications center best meets their operational needs. Various functions include dispatch of police, emergency response, maintenance requests, and monitoring of airport systems. In some cases, individual departments have “siloed” these functions into separate call centers. Myriad factors need to be addressed in considering the best approach to providing necessary airport services for employees and for the public. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Lauritsen, Janet L. %E Cork, Daniel L. %T Modernizing Crime Statistics: Report 2: New Systems for Measuring Crime %@ 978-0-309-47261-6 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25035/modernizing-crime-statistics-report-2-new-systems-for-measuring-crime %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25035/modernizing-crime-statistics-report-2-new-systems-for-measuring-crime %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Surveys and Statistics %P 280 %X To derive statistics about crime – to estimate its levels and trends, assess its costs to and impacts on society, and inform law enforcement approaches to prevent it - a conceptual framework for defining and thinking about crime is virtually a prerequisite. Developing and maintaining such a framework is no easy task, because the mechanics of crime are ever evolving and shifting: tied to shifts and development in technology, society, and legislation. Interest in understanding crime surged in the 1920s, which proved to be a pivotal decade for the collection of nationwide crime statistics. Now established as a permanent agency, the Census Bureau commissioned the drafting of a manual for preparing crime statistics—intended for use by the police, corrections departments, and courts alike. The new manual sought to solve a perennial problem by suggesting a standard taxonomy of crime. Shortly after the Census Bureau issued its manual, the International Association of Chiefs of Police in convention adopted a resolution to create a Committee on Uniform Crime Records —to begin the process of describing what a national system of data on crimes known to the police might look like. Report 1 performed a comprehensive reassessment of what is meant by crime in U.S. crime statistics and recommends a new classification of crime to organize measurement efforts. This second report examines methodological and implementation issues and presents a conceptual blueprint for modernizing crime statistics. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Flavahan, Louise %E Romaine, Joan %T Public Policy Approaches to Violence Prevention: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25031/public-policy-approaches-to-violence-prevention-proceedings-of-a-workshop %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25031/public-policy-approaches-to-violence-prevention-proceedings-of-a-workshop %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %K Health and Medicine %P 9 %X The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop on December 1–2, 2016, with the aim of illuminating the ways in which violence prevention practitioners can effectively share their evidenced-based research findings with policy makers in order to positively affect and amplify violence prevention efforts. The workshop explored this topic through three lenses: (1) economics and costing, (2) research and evidence, and (3) effective communications and messaging. This approach underscored the fact that violence prevention is a complex and multi-faceted issue that requires an interdisciplinary approach. This 2-day workshop brought together a diverse group of experts from various domains and backgrounds to foster multi-sectoral dialogues on the topic. This publication briefly summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Emergency Alert and Warning Systems: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions %@ 978-0-309-46737-7 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24935/emergency-alert-and-warning-systems-current-knowledge-and-future-research %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24935/emergency-alert-and-warning-systems-current-knowledge-and-future-research %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Earth Sciences %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 142 %X Following a series of natural disasters, including Hurricane Katrina, that revealed shortcomings in the nation's ability to effectively alert populations at risk, Congress passed the Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act in 2006. Today, new technologies such as smart phones and social media platforms offer new ways to communicate with the public, and the information ecosystem is much broader, including additional official channels, such as government social media accounts, opt-in short message service (SMS)-based alerting systems, and reverse 911 systems; less official channels, such as main stream media outlets and weather applications on connected devices; and unofficial channels, such as first person reports via social media. Traditional media have also taken advantage of these new tools, including their own mobile applications to extend their reach of beyond broadcast radio, television, and cable. Furthermore, private companies have begun to take advantage of the large amounts of data about users they possess to detect events and provide alerts and warnings and other hazard-related information to their users. More than 60 years of research on the public response to alerts and warnings has yielded many insights about how people respond to information that they are at risk and the circumstances under which they are most likely to take appropriate protective action. Some, but not all, of these results have been used to inform the design and operation of alert and warning systems, and new insights continue to emerge. Emergency Alert and Warning Systems reviews the results of past research, considers new possibilities for realizing more effective alert and warning systems, explores how a more effective national alert and warning system might be created and some of the gaps in our present knowledge, and sets forth a research agenda to advance the nation's alert and warning capabilities. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Trimble, Tammy E. %E Loftus-Otway, Lisa %E Gallun, Susanna %T Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 1: Legal Landscape %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25296/implications-of-connected-and-automated-driving-systems-vol-1-legal-landscape %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25296/implications-of-connected-and-automated-driving-systems-vol-1-legal-landscape %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 131 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 253: Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 1: Legal Landscape explores federal, state, and international legal activities and practices regarding Connected and Automated Vehicles and Highly Automated Vehicles (C/AV/HAVs):Section 1 reviews United States federal activities within the sphere of regulating C/AV/HAVs.Section 2 reviews practices in each of the 50 states and local activities that have amended motor vehicle codes. For a review of legislation that has been introduced across all 50 states (some of which has not passed out of state legislatures as law), refer to Appendix C, which is a sortable Excel spreadsheet delineating activities at the federal and state level.Section 3 highlights activities being undertaken by transportation agencies within this field, specifically highlighting the American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA’s) activities.Section 4 provides brief summaries of law journal articles that address subject matter focus areas for policy-makers and legislators to consider as C/AV/HAV market penetrations grow. It includes a review of privacy laws.Section 5 provides a review of international activities being undertaken in this area. The team reviewed related activities taking place among our North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) trade partners, Canada and Mexico, as well as in European countries and the European Union, Australia, and Japan.Section 6 offers conclusions based on information presented in sections 1 through 5.View all volumes of NCHRP Web-Only Document 253:Vol. 1: Legal LandscapeVol. 2: State Legal and Regulatory AuditVol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization AnalysisVol. 4: Autonomous Vehicle Action PlanVol. 5: Developing the Autonomous Vehicle Action PlanVol. 6: Implementation Plan %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Decrypting the Encryption Debate: A Framework for Decision Makers %@ 978-0-309-47153-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25010/decrypting-the-encryption-debate-a-framework-for-decision-makers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25010/decrypting-the-encryption-debate-a-framework-for-decision-makers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Computers and Information Technology %P 118 %X Encryption protects information stored on smartphones, laptops, and other devices - in some cases by default. Encrypted communications are provided by widely used computing devices and services - such as smartphones, laptops, and messaging applications - that are used by hundreds of millions of users. Individuals, organizations, and governments rely on encryption to counter threats from a wide range of actors, including unsophisticated and sophisticated criminals, foreign intelligence agencies, and repressive governments. Encryption on its own does not solve the challenge of providing effective security for data and systems, but it is an important tool. At the same time, encryption is relied on by criminals to avoid investigation and prosecution, including criminals who may unknowingly benefit from default settings as well as those who deliberately use encryption. Thus, encryption complicates law enforcement and intelligence investigations. When communications are encrypted "end-to-end," intercepted messages cannot be understood. When a smartphone is locked and encrypted, the contents cannot be read if the phone is seized by investigators. Decrypting the Encryption Debate reviews how encryption is used, including its applications to cybersecurity; its role in protecting privacy and civil liberties; the needs of law enforcement and the intelligence community for information; technical and policy options for accessing plaintext; and the international landscape. This book describes the context in which decisions about providing authorized government agencies access to the plaintext version of encrypted information would be made and identifies and characterizes possible mechanisms and alternative means of obtaining information. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Patel, Deepali %T Violence and Mental Health: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Detection: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46662-2 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24916/violence-and-mental-health-opportunities-for-prevention-and-early-detection %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24916/violence-and-mental-health-opportunities-for-prevention-and-early-detection %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 172 %X On February 26–27, 2014, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop titled Mental Health and Violence: Opportunities for Prevention and Early Intervention. The workshop brought together advocates and experts in public health and mental health, anthropology, biomedical science, criminal justice, global health and development, and neuroscience to examine experience, evidence, and practice at the intersection of mental health and violence. Participants explored how violence impacts mental health and how mental health influences violence and discussed approaches to improve research and practice in both domains. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T A Strategic Approach to Transforming Traffic Safety Culture to Reduce Deaths and Injuries %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25286/a-strategic-approach-to-transforming-traffic-safety-culture-to-reduce-deaths-and-injuries %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25286/a-strategic-approach-to-transforming-traffic-safety-culture-to-reduce-deaths-and-injuries %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 164 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 252: A Strategic Approach to Transforming Traffic Safety Culture to Reduce Deaths and Injuries provides guidance on developing a strategic approach to transform the traffic safety culture of road users and stakeholders. The goal is to use this approach to sustain improvements in traffic safety for all road users, including non-motorized users. For the purpose of this project, traffic safety culture is defined as the values and beliefs shared among groups of road users and stakeholders that influence their decisions to behave or act in ways that affect traffic safety. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alper, Joe %T Engaging the Private-Sector Health Care System in Building Capacity to Respond to Threats to the Public's Health and National Security: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-48212-7 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25203/engaging-the-private-sector-health-care-system-in-building-capacity-to-respond-to-threats-to-the-publics-health-and-national-security %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25203/engaging-the-private-sector-health-care-system-in-building-capacity-to-respond-to-threats-to-the-publics-health-and-national-security %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Conflict and Security Issues %P 154 %X Disasters tend to cross political, jurisdictional, functional, and geographic boundaries. As a result, disasters often require responses from multiple levels of government and multiple organizations in the public and private sectors. This means that public and private organizations that normally operate independently must work together to mount an effective disaster response. To identify and understand approaches to aligning health care system incentives with the American public’s need for a health care system that is prepared to manage acutely ill and injured patients during a disaster, public health emergency, or other mass casualty event, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a 2-day public workshop on March 20 and 21, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Alvarado, Carla %T Exploring Tax Policy to Advance Population Health, Health Equity, and Economic Prosperity: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25066/exploring-tax-policy-to-advance-population-health-health-equity-and-economic-prosperity %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25066/exploring-tax-policy-to-advance-population-health-health-equity-and-economic-prosperity %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 9 %X On December 7, 2017, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement held a 1-day workshop in Oakland, California, at The California Endowment Oakland Regional Office–Healthy Communities Center. The workshop featured presentations, panel discussions, and an exercise about tax policy as both an influence on health outcomes and a possible source of financing for population health activities; ranging from diabetes prevention to universal pre-kindergarten. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Benaman, Heidi Ann %T Design Considerations for Airport EOCs %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25280/design-considerations-for-airport-eocs %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25280/design-considerations-for-airport-eocs %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 100 %X TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report 189: Design Considerations for Airport EOCs will guide airport staff in the planning and design of an airport emergency operations center (EOC). This report provides EOC design considerations in the areas of physical space, technology, function, operations, and governance. The guidance includes lessons learned, a Concept and Development Planning Decision Tree flow chart, and several useful checklists to help airport staff work through all of the considerations involved in establishing or enhancing an EOC. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Sullivan, Donna Jensen, Mia Stephens, and Derek %T Airport Community, Water Quality Events, and the Aircraft Drinking Water Rule %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24986/airport-community-water-quality-events-and-the-aircraft-drinking-water-rule %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24986/airport-community-water-quality-events-and-the-aircraft-drinking-water-rule %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 48 %X TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 88: Airport Community, Water Quality Events, and the Aircraft Drinking Water Rule explores how airports, airlines, ground service providers, and ice and food caterers as well as other food service establishments can take measures to ensure that their operations have safe drinking water. Receiving prompt and accurate information about a drinking water quality event allows airport management and tenants to address and mitigate potential adverse effects. Airlines have reported that it is often difficult for them to obtain information about a drinking water quality event and determine if it affects an airport they serve. This report will provide airport management with the ability to distribute essential information and minimize the time it takes for notification of an event to reach the airport’s tenants. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Trimble, Tammy E. %E Baker, Stephanie %E Wagner, Jason %E Wagner, Wendy %E Loftus-Otway, Lisa %E Mallory, Brad %E Gallun, Susanna %E Morrissey, Sam %E Havinoviski, Glenn %E Serian, Betty %E Bishop, Richard %E Gould, Pete %T Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 4: Autonomous Vehicle Action Plan %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25292/implications-of-connected-and-automated-driving-systems-vol-4-autonomous-vehicle-action-plan %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25292/implications-of-connected-and-automated-driving-systems-vol-4-autonomous-vehicle-action-plan %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 65 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 253: Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 4: Autonomous Vehicle Action Plan (AVAP) develops awareness of the legislative landscape and the foundational laws and regulations that may need to be prioritized for modification for Connected and Automated Driving Systems (C/ADSs) technologies. The AVAP is intended to provide guidance and resources to state departments of motor vehicles (DMVs) and transportation (DOTs) to assist with the legal changes that will result from the rollout of C/ADS equipped vehicles.PowerPoint Presentation slides accompany Vol. 4 and are available for download. This presentation is designed to provide a state policy task force with background information on the legal landscape for C/ADS-equipped vehicles.View all volumes of NCHRP Web-Only Document 253:Vol. 1: Legal LandscapeVol. 2: State Legal and Regulatory AuditVol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization AnalysisVol. 4: Autonomous Vehicle Action PlanVol. 5: Developing the Autonomous Vehicle Action PlanVol. 6: Implementation Plan %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Assessing the Risks of Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System %@ 978-0-309-47750-5 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25143/assessing-the-risks-of-integrating-unmanned-aircraft-systems-uas-into-the-national-airspace-system %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25143/assessing-the-risks-of-integrating-unmanned-aircraft-systems-uas-into-the-national-airspace-system %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Space and Aeronautics %P 78 %X When discussing the risk of introducing drones into the National Airspace System, it is necessary to consider the increase in risk to people in manned aircraft and on the ground as well as the various ways in which this new technology may reduce risk and save lives, sometimes in ways that cannot readily be accounted for with current safety assessment processes. This report examines the various ways that risk can be defined and applied to integrating these Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System managed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It also identifies needs for additional research and developmental opportunities in this field. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Park, Seri %E McCarthy, Leslie %E Giancola, Anthony R. %T Integration of Roadway Safety Data from State and Local Sources %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25234/integration-of-roadway-safety-data-from-state-and-local-sources %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25234/integration-of-roadway-safety-data-from-state-and-local-sources %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %P 92 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 523: Integration of Roadway Safety Data from State and Local Sources documents the ways in which transportation agencies are collaborating with local agencies to integrate and maintain data. This information can help inform how transportation agencies approach the challenge of facilitating access to and integrating data from a multitude of information systems from external sources. Accompanying the report are the following appendices:Appendix A: Summary of Published State DOT Case Studies. Appendix A summarizes the literature review findings related to existing or planned state DOT efforts to integrate roadway safety data.Appendix B: Survey Questions and Results. Appendix B includes the survey questions and the results for each question.Appendix C: List of Interviewees. Appendix C lists the agency or organization representatives who contributed to the development of this synthesis.Appendix D: Sample Documents That Illustrate Practices Related to State and Local Roadway Data Integration. Appendix D presents sample documents that were offered by agencies and are relevant to the study.Appendix E: Links to Resources Identified. Appendix E includes links to resources identified through the literature review or shared by the agencies interviewed. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Waite, Jocelyn K. %T Legal Considerations in Relationships Between Transit Agencies and Ridesourcing Service Providers %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25109/legal-considerations-in-relationships-between-transit-agencies-and-ridesourcing-service-providers %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25109/legal-considerations-in-relationships-between-transit-agencies-and-ridesourcing-service-providers %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 412 %X TRB's Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Legal Research Digest 53: Legal Considerations in Relationships Between Transit Agencies and Ridesourcing Service Providers explores the efforts made by public transit agencies to provide on-demand services to the public.It also provides transit agencies with legal guidance for considering whether to enter into relationships with ridesourcing service providers (RSPs).The report includes a description of ridesourcing services in the United States, state and municipal legislative and regulatory schemes, procurement and procurement processes, contractual and partnership provisions in agreements between RSPs and a public transit agency, issues of compliance with federal legislation and civil rights requirements and those under the Americans with Disabilities Act, legal claims and litigation, and risk management issues stemming from relationships between RSPs and transit agencies. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Tomaszewski, Evelyn %T Addressing the Social and Cultural Norms That Underlie the Acceptance of Violence: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25075/addressing-the-social-and-cultural-norms-that-underlie-the-acceptance-of-violence %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25075/addressing-the-social-and-cultural-norms-that-underlie-the-acceptance-of-violence %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 10 %X Social and cultural norms are rules or expectations of behavior and thoughts based on shared beliefs within a specific cultural or social group. While often unspoken, norms offer social standards for appropriate and inappropriate behavior that govern what is (and is not) acceptable in interactions among people. Social and cultural norms are highly influential over individual behavior in a broad variety of contexts, including violence and its prevention, because norms can create an environment that can either foster or mitigate violence and its deleterious effects. To better understand how social and cultural norms are related to violence and violence prevention, the Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a workshop on October 29–30, 2015, to explore the social and cultural norms that underlie the acceptance of violence, with a focus on violence against women across the lifespan, violence against children, and youth violence. The workshop addressed causes, effects, characteristics, and contextual variations related to social and cultural norms related to violence; what is known about the effectiveness of efforts to alter those norms in order to prevent and mitigate such violence; and the role of multiple sectors and stakeholders in the prevention of this violence. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.