%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Weisburd, David %E Majmundar, Malay K. %T Proactive Policing: Effects on Crime and Communities %@ 978-0-309-46713-1 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24928/proactive-policing-effects-on-crime-and-communities %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24928/proactive-policing-effects-on-crime-and-communities %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 408 %X Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in policing that began to emerge in the 1960s because of social unrest, rising crime rates, and growing skepticism regarding the effectiveness of standard approaches to policing. In response, beginning in the 1980s and 1990s, innovative police practices and policies that took a more proactive approach began to develop. This report uses the term "proactive policing" to refer to all policing strategies that have as one of their goals the prevention or reduction of crime and disorder and that are not reactive in terms of focusing primarily on uncovering ongoing crime or on investigating or responding to crimes once they have occurred. Proactive policing is distinguished from the everyday decisions of police officers to be proactive in specific situations and instead refers to a strategic decision by police agencies to use proactive police responses in a programmatic way to reduce crime. Today, proactive policing strategies are used widely in the United States. They are not isolated programs used by a select group of agencies but rather a set of ideas that have spread across the landscape of policing. Proactive Policing reviews the evidence and discusses the data and methodological gaps on: (1) the effects of different forms of proactive policing on crime; (2) whether they are applied in a discriminatory manner; (3) whether they are being used in a legal fashion; and (4) community reaction. This report offers a comprehensive evaluation of proactive policing that includes not only its crime prevention impacts but also its broader implications for justice and U.S. communities. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Vadali, Sharada %E Zmud, Johanna %E Carlson, Todd %E DeMoors, Karin %E Rybeck, Rick %E Fitzroy, Steven %E Stein, Naomi %E Sieber, Mark %T Guidebook to Funding Transportation Through Land Value Return and Recycling %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25110/guidebook-to-funding-transportation-through-land-value-return-and-recycling %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25110/guidebook-to-funding-transportation-through-land-value-return-and-recycling %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 152 %X TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 873: Guidebook to Funding Transportation Through Land Value Return and Recycling presents guidance on ways to mobilize some portion of property-value increases to fund maintenance and operations as well as investment in the infrastructure. Because local government typically has authority to deal with matters related to land use and land-related revenue-generating mechanisms, access to land value return and recycling—a subset of real estate–based value capture methods—may require enabling legislation or partnering with local agencies. This report includes examples of applications of land value return and recycling as well as model legislation and institutional structures to facilitate the strategy. A PowerPoint presentation assists users of the guide in presenting the concept and methods for using land value return and recycling to a broad audience. Appendix G: NCHRP Project 19-13 Report is available online. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Pray, Leslie %T Protecting the Health and Well-Being of Communities in a Changing Climate: Proceedings of a Workshop %@ 978-0-309-46345-4 %D 2018 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24846/protecting-the-health-and-well-being-of-communities-in-a-changing-climate %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/24846/protecting-the-health-and-well-being-of-communities-in-a-changing-climate %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %K Environment and Environmental Studies %P 154 %X On March 13, 2017, the Roundtable on Environmental Health Sciences, Research, and Medicine and the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement jointly convened a 1-day public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore potential strategies for public health, environmental health, health care, and related stakeholders to help communities and regions to address and mitigate the health effects of climate change. Participants discussed the perspectives of civic, government, business, and health-sector leaders, and existing research, best practices, and examples that inform stakeholders and practitioners on approaches to support mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and its effects on population health. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.