%0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations %@ 978-0-309-67910-7 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25837/respiratory-health-effects-of-airborne-hazards-exposures-in-the-southwest-asia-theater-of-military-operations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25837/respiratory-health-effects-of-airborne-hazards-exposures-in-the-southwest-asia-theater-of-military-operations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 270 %X More than 3.7 million U.S. service members have participated in operations taking place in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations since 1990. These operations include the 1990-1991 Persian Gulf War, a post-war stabilization period spanning 1992 through September 2001, and the campaigns undertaken in the wake of the September 11, 2001, attacks. Deployment to Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Oman, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Afghanistan exposed service members to a number of airborne hazards, including oil-well fire smoke, emissions from open burn pits, dust and sand suspended in the air, and exhaust from diesel vehicles. The effects of these were compounded by stressors like excessive heat and noise that are inevitable attributes of service in a combat environment. Respiratory Health Effects of Airborne Hazards Exposures in the Southwest Asia Theater of Military Operations reviews the scientific evidence regarding respiratory health outcomes in veterans of the Southwest Asia conflicts and identifies research that could feasibly be conducted to address outstanding questions and generate answers, newly emerging technologies that could aid in these efforts, and organizations that the Veterans Administration might partner with to accomplish this work. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Savitz, David A. %E Styka, Anne N. %T Assessment of Long-Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis %@ 978-0-309-67210-8 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25688/assessment-of-long-term-health-effects-of-antimalarial-drugs-when-used-for-prophylaxis %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25688/assessment-of-long-term-health-effects-of-antimalarial-drugs-when-used-for-prophylaxis %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Health and Medicine %P 426 %X Among the many who serve in the United States Armed Forces and who are deployed to distant locations around the world, myriad health threats are encountered. In addition to those associated with the disruption of their home life and potential for combat, they may face distinctive disease threats that are specific to the locations to which they are deployed. U.S. forces have been deployed many times over the years to areas in which malaria is endemic, including in parts of Afghanistan and Iraq. Department of Defense (DoD) policy requires that antimalarial drugs be issued and regimens adhered to for deployments to malaria-endemic areas. Policies directing which should be used as first and as second-line agents have evolved over time based on new data regarding adverse events or precautions for specific underlying health conditions, areas of deployment, and other operational factors At the request of the Veterans Administration, Assessment of Long-Term Health Effects of Antimalarial Drugs When Used for Prophylaxis assesses the scientific evidence regarding the potential for long-term health effects resulting from the use of antimalarial drugs that were approved by FDA or used by U.S. service members for malaria prophylaxis, with a focus on mefloquine, tafenoquine, and other antimalarial drugs that have been used by DoD in the past 25 years. This report offers conclusions based on available evidence regarding associations of persistent or latent adverse events. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Colwell, Rita %E Bear, Ashley %E Helman, Alex %T Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Opening Doors %@ 978-0-309-49824-1 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25585/promising-practices-for-addressing-the-underrepresentation-of-women-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25585/promising-practices-for-addressing-the-underrepresentation-of-women-in-science-engineering-and-medicine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 234 %X Careers in science, engineering, and medicine offer opportunities to advance knowledge, contribute to the well-being of communities, and support the security, prosperity, and health of the United States. But many women do not pursue or persist in these careers, or advance to leadership positions - not because they lack the talent or aspirations, but because they face barriers, including: implicit and explicit bias; sexual harassment; unequal access to funding and resources; pay inequity; higher teaching and advising loads; and fewer speaking invitations, among others. There are consequences from this underrepresentation of women for the nation as well: a labor shortage in many science, engineering, and medical professions that cannot be filled unless institutions and organizations recruit from a broad and diverse talent pool; lost opportunities for innovation and economic gain; and lost talent as a result of discrimination, unconscious bias, and sexual harassment. Promising Practices for Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Science, Engineering, and Medicine reviews and synthesizes existing research on policies, practices, programs, and other interventions for improving the recruitment, retention, and sustained advancement into leadership roles of women in these disciplines. This report makes actionable recommendations to leverage change and drive swift, coordinated improvements to the systems of education, research, and employment in order to improve both the representation and leadership of women. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Airports and Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Volume 1: Managing and Engaging Stakeholders on UAS in the Vicinity of Airports %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25599/airports-and-unmanned-aircraft-systems-volume-1-managing-and-engaging-stakeholders-on-uas-in-the-vicinity-of-airports %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25599/airports-and-unmanned-aircraft-systems-volume-1-managing-and-engaging-stakeholders-on-uas-in-the-vicinity-of-airports %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 96 %X The introduction of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) has presented a wide range of new safety, economic, operational, regulatory, community, environmental, and infrastructure challenges to airports and the National Airspace System. These risks are further complicated by the dynamic and shifting nature of UAS technologies.The Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 212: Airports and Unmanned Aircraft Systems provides guidance for airports on UAS in the areas of managing UAS operations in the vicinity of an airport and engaging stakeholders (Volume 1), incorporating UAS into airport infrastructure and planning (Volume 2), and potential use of UAS by airport operators (Volume 3).Volume 1: Managing and Engaging Stakeholders on UAS in the Vicinity of Airports provides guidance for airport operators and managers to interact with UAS operations in the vicinity of airports. The demand for commercial UAS may increase significantly once advanced UAS operations—including beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations, operations over people, and operations of multiple UAS by one pilot—are allowed through broader regulatory frameworks. The introduction of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) has presented a wide range of new safety, economic, operational, regulatory, community, environmental, and infrastructure challenges to airports and the National Airspace System. These risks are further complicated by the dynamic and shifting nature of UAS technologies.Volume 2: Incorporating UAS into Airport Infrastructure—Planning Guidebook provides planning, operational, and infrastructure guidance to safely integrate existing and anticipated UAS operations into an airport environment.Volume 3: Potential Use of UAS by Airport Operators provides airports with resources to appropriately integrate UAS missions as part of their standard operations.Supplemental resources to ACRP Research Report 212 are provided in ACRP Web-Only Document 42: Toolkits and Resource Library for Airports and Unmanned Aircraft Systems. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %T Leveraging Unmanned Systems for Coast Guard Missions %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25987/leveraging-unmanned-systems-for-coast-guard-missions %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25987/leveraging-unmanned-systems-for-coast-guard-missions %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 180 %X As unmanned systems (UxS) continue to develop and be used by other military services and federal agencies, the U.S. Coast Guard should proceed more aggressively and deliberately in taking advantage of UxS advancements, says a new congressionally mandated report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.The Coast Guard should also produce a high-level strategy with critical goals and actionable steps toward fully utilizing UxS technology, according to TRB Special Report 335: Leveraging Unmanned Systems for Coast Guard Missions.UxS technologies include aerial, surface, and underwater vehicles with no human occupants; vehicles that may have a crew but with some level of remote control; and systems that are not vehicles.As one of the country’s six military services, the Coast Guard also serves as a first responder, law enforcement agency, maritime regulator, and member of the intelligence community. Despite multiple initiatives to explore and assess the applicability of UxS to these areas, the Coast Guard lacks a formal means for identifying, investigating, and integrating systems. Meanwhile, UxS technological advancements continue to accelerate, driven by both commercial and military demands. %0 Book %A Transportation Research Board %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Ray, Jack %T BIM Beyond Design Guidebook %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25840/bim-beyond-design-guidebook %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25840/bim-beyond-design-guidebook %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Transportation and Infrastructure %P 218 %X The complexity of airport management has grown dramatically in recent years, with increased security requirements, a focus on sustainability, increased competition, new technologies, and traffic growth.The TRB Airport Cooperative Research Program's ACRP Research Report 214: BIM Beyond Design Guidebook gives airport owners the basic knowledge required to manage this complexity through building information modeling (BIM), a practice that has transformed the design and construction industry over the last decade and is now emerging as a key component to enhancing an asset life cycle management approach for many organizations. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Patterson, Charlotte J. %E Sepúlveda, Martín-José %E White, Jordyn %T Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations %@ 978-0-309-68081-3 %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25877/understanding-the-well-being-of-lgbtqi-populations %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25877/understanding-the-well-being-of-lgbtqi-populations %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Behavioral and Social Sciences %P 436 %X The increase in prevalence and visibility of sexually gender diverse (SGD) populations illuminates the need for greater understanding of the ways in which current laws, systems, and programs affect their well-being. Individuals who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, asexual, transgender, non-binary, queer, or intersex, as well as those who express same-sex or -gender attractions or behaviors, will have experiences across their life course that differ from those of cisgender and heterosexual individuals. Characteristics such as age, race and ethnicity, and geographic location intersect to play a distinct role in the challenges and opportunities SGD people face. Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations reviews the available evidence and identifies future research needs related to the well-being of SDG populations across the life course. This report focuses on eight domains of well-being; the effects of various laws and the legal system on SGD populations; the effects of various public policies and structural stigma; community and civic engagement; families and social relationships; education, including school climate and level of attainment; economic experiences (e.g., employment, compensation, and housing); physical and mental health; and health care access and gender-affirming interventions. The recommendations of Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations aim to identify opportunities to advance understanding of how individuals experience sexuality and gender and how sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status affect SGD people over the life course. %0 Book %A National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine %E Colwell, Rita %E Bear, Ashley %E Helman, Alex %T Pratiques prometteuses pour remédier à la sous-représentation des femmes dans les domaines des sciences, de l'ingénierie et de la médecine: Ouvrir les portes %D 2020 %U https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27052/pratiques-prometteuses-pour-remdier-la-sous-reprsentation-des-femmes-dans-les-domaines-des-sciences-de-lingnierie-et-de-la-mdecine %> https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27052/pratiques-prometteuses-pour-remdier-la-sous-reprsentation-des-femmes-dans-les-domaines-des-sciences-de-lingnierie-et-de-la-mdecine %I The National Academies Press %C Washington, DC %G English %K Policy for Science and Technology %P 336