TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Elizabeth A. Davis A2 - Amy Stephens TI - Science and Engineering in Preschool Through Elementary Grades: The Brilliance of Children and the Strengths of Educators SN - DO - 10.17226/26215 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26215/science-and-engineering-in-preschool-through-elementary-grades-the-brilliance PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Starting in early childhood, children are capable of learning sophisticated science and engineering concepts and engage in disciplinary practices. They are deeply curious about the world around them and eager to investigate the many questions they have about their environment. Educators can develop learning environments that support the development and demonstration of proficiencies in science and engineering, including making connections across the contexts of learning, which can help children see their ideas, interests, and practices as meaningful not just for school, but also in their lives. Unfortunately, in many preschool and elementary schools science gets relatively little attention compared to English language arts and mathematics. In addition, many early childhood and elementary teachers do not have extensive grounding in science and engineering content. Science and Engineering in Preschool through Elementary Grades provides evidence-based guidance on effective approaches to preschool through elementary science and engineering instruction that supports the success of all students. This report evaluates the state of the evidence on learning experiences prior to school; promising instructional approaches and what is needed for implementation to include teacher professional development, curriculum, and instructional materials; and the policies and practices at all levels that constrain or facilitate efforts to enhance preschool through elementary science and engineering. Building a solid foundation in science and engineering in the elementary grades sets the stage for later success, both by sustaining and enhancing students' natural enthusiasm for science and engineering and by establishing the knowledge and skills they need to approach the more challenging topics introduced in later grades. Through evidence-based guidance on effective approaches to preschool through elementary science and engineering instruction, this report will help teachers to support the success of all students. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Steven M. Teutsch A2 - Amy B. Geller A2 - Aimee M. Mead TI - Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects SN - DO - 10.17226/26421 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26421/premium-cigars-patterns-of-use-marketing-and-health-effects PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The early to mid-1990s saw a large surge in U.S. cigar consumption, including premium cigars. Based on recent import data, premium cigar use may be increasing, though they currently make up a small percent of the total U.S. cigar market. Premium cigars have also been the subject of legal and regulatory efforts for the past decade. In 1998, the National Cancer Institute undertook a comprehensive review of available knowledge about cigars - the only one to date. The resulting research recommendations have largely not been addressed, and many of the identified information gaps persist. Furthermore, there is no single, consistent definition of premium cigars, making research challenging. In response, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee of experts to address this issue. The resulting report, Premium Cigars: Patterns of Use, Marketing, and Health Effects, includes 13 findings, 24 conclusions, and nine priority research recommendations and assesses the state of evidence on premium cigar characteristics, current patterns of use, marketing and perceptions of the product, and short- long-term health effects. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Candace Huntington TI - Rebuilding Research, Education, and Innovation in Ukraine: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26795 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26795/rebuilding-research-education-and-innovation-in-ukraine-proceedings-of-a PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues KW - Policy for Science and Technology ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - A Pragmatic Future for NAEP: Containing Costs and Updating Technologies SN - DO - 10.17226/26427 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26427/a-pragmatic-future-for-naep-containing-costs-and-updating-technologies PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) - often called "The Nation's Report Card" - is the largest nationally representative and continuing assessment of what students in public and private schools in the United States know and can do in various subjects and has provided policy makers and the public with invaluable information on U.S. students for more than 50 years. Unique in the information it provides, NAEP is the nation's only mechanism for tracking student achievement over time and comparing trends across states and districts for all students and important student groups (e.g., by race, sex, English learner status, disability status, family poverty status). While the program helps educators, policymakers, and the public understand these educational outcomes, the program has incurred substantially increased costs in recent years and now costs about $175.2 million per year. A Pragmatic Future for NAEP: Containing Costs and Updating Technologies recommends changes to bolster the future success of the program by identifying areas where federal administrators could take advantage of savings, such as new technological tools and platforms as well as efforts to use local administration and deployment for the tests. Additionally, the report recommends areas where the program should clearly communicate about spending and undertake efforts to streamline management. The report also provides recommendations to increase the visibility and coherence of NAEP's research activities. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Hammers Forstag TI - Taking Stock of Science Standards Implementation: Proceedings of a Virtual Summit SN - DO - 10.17226/26549 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26549/taking-stock-of-science-standards-implementation-proceedings-of-a-virtual PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - On October 14 and 15, and December 8, 2021, the Board on Science Education at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a virtual Summit entitled Taking Stock of Science Standards Implementation. Participants explored the landscape of state science standards implementation, identified where there have been successes and challenges, and determined next steps and the resources needed for continuing or re-invigorating implementation efforts. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussion of the event. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kat M. Anderson TI - COVID-19, Health Equity, and the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Communities: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26700 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26700/covid-19-health-equity-and-the-asian-american-native-hawaiian-and-pacific-islander-communities PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Communities of color have been among the hardest hit by the COVID virus. Less is known, however, about infection and vaccination rates in the different populations that make up the Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AA/NH/PI) communities. In at least 16 states that do disaggregate their data, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders have the highest mortality rates. Additionally, reports of incidents of xenophobia and violence against AANHPI community members, particularly women, became more frequent during the pandemic. Finally, there is a lack of data on AANHPI health and well-being in comparison to other groups, which will make it more difficult to correct these disparities in the future. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on the Promotion of Health Equity planned and hosted a 2-day public workshop in December 2021 titled COVID-19, Health Equity, and the Asian American, Pacific Islander, and Native Hawaiian Communities. The workshop focused on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the unique obstacles faced by the AANHPI communities in achieving health equity. This Proceedings of a Workshop-In Brief summarizes the events covered in the workshop discussions. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Erin Hammers Forstag TI - Research and Data Priorities for Improving Economic and Social Mobility: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26598 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26598/research-and-data-priorities-for-improving-economic-and-social-mobility PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences KW - Industry and Labor AB - Since around 1980, fewer Americans than before are doing better than their parents had – that is, more are experiencing downward social and economic mobility in terms of occupational status and income. This trend in downward mobility is occurring amidst high and rising levels of inequality in income, wealth, health, and life expectancy. To better understand the factors that influence social and economic mobility, the Committee on Population and the Committee on National Statistics hosted a workshop on February 14-15, 2022. The proceedings from this workshop identify key priorities for future research and data collection to improve social and economic mobility. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Kelly McHugh A2 - Rose Marie Martinez A2 - Joe Alper TI - Adoption of Health Literacy Best Practices to Enhance Clinical Research and Community Participation: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26506 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26506/adoption-of-health-literacy-best-practices-to-enhance-clinical-research-and-community-participation PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - Clinical research is critical to developing new treatments and therapies for patients. To maximize societal benefit and health equity, it is important that clinical research information be accessible and inclusive, and participants should be representative of the patient population. To explore the role that patient comprehension of clinical research can have in delivering high-quality clinical care and in increasing the diversity of the populations enrolled in clinical research, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy held a virtual public workshop on October 28, 2021. Workshop attendees discussed current and promising resources and approaches for ensuring that the public receives clinical research information in accessible language that promotes health literacy. They also discussed strategies for integrating clinical research information into various care and community settings to improve research awareness and engagement. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Shana Johnson A2 - Sofie Rhoads A2 - Rebecca Slocum A2 - Trey Miller A2 - Laura Duke TI - Assessing Equity and Identifying Impacts Associated with Bus Network Redesigns DO - 10.17226/26487 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26487/assessing-equity-and-identifying-impacts-associated-with-bus-network-redesigns PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Numerous transit agencies, of all sizes, have undertaken bus network redesigns across the United States and Canada over the past decade. The importance of incorporating equity considerations in the planning process is an emerging topic that is rapidly evolving, especially since 2020.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Synthesis 159: Assessing Equity and Identifying Impacts Associated with Bus Network Redesigns documents the current practice of how transit providers are defining, assessing, and addressing the equity impacts of bus network redesigns, including and beyond the Federal Transit Administration’s Title VI regulatory requirements. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Olujimi Ajijola A2 - Charles R. Bridges, Jr. A2 - Lynne M. Holden A2 - Paula Whitacre A2 - Cato T. Laurencin TI - Educational Pathways for Black Students in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Exploring Barriers and Possible Interventions: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26391 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26391/educational-pathways-for-black-students-in-science-engineering-and-medicine PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Education AB - Academic preparation is critical to increase Black representation in Science, Engineering, and Medicine, but so, too, are such interrelated factors as providing mentoring and role models in sufficient numbers, adequately funding school and community support services, and analyzing the intentional and unintentional consequences of a range of policies and practices. To address these issues, the Roundtable on Black Men and Black Women of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a virtual workshop on September 2 and 3, 2020. Titled "Educational Pathways for Blacks in Science, Engineering, and Medicine: Exploring Barriers and Possible Interventions," the workshop provided a platform to explore challenges and opportunities, beginning in the earliest years of life through K-12 schooling, undergraduate and postgraduate education, and into the workforce. Presenters throughout the workshop provided perspectives from research and from their own experiences to discuss the need for systemic solutions inside and outside of formal education institutions. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Joe Alper A2 - Liza Hamilton TI - Anticipating Rare Events of Major Significance: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26698 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26698/anticipating-rare-events-of-major-significance-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Conflict and Security Issues AB - The Intelligence Community Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day virtual workshop on December 17 and 21, 2021, to explore insights from world-class experts and technologists familiar with the extensive range of issues associated with anticipating rare events—those characterized by a very low probability of occurring—of major significance. Over the course of the 2-day workshop, the speakers discussed analytical methods, computational advances, data sources, and risk assessment approaches for anticipating rare events, including natural disasters, pandemics, anthropogenic threats, and widespread technological change. This proceedings is a factual summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Rose Marie Martinez A2 - Kelly McHugh A2 - Joe Alper TI - Providing Health Literate Virtual Health Services: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief DO - 10.17226/26490 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26490/providing-health-literate-virtual-health-services-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in health services being conducted by telephone or video. While this change may have important benefits to patients, such as increasing access to care, it may also pose challenges for those with low health literacy. To explore these challenges, as well as opportunities for increasing access to care, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy held a virtual public workshop on September 23, 2021. The workshop examined the experiences that individuals with low health literacy have with using virtual or telehealth services; best practices for ensuring that individuals with low health literacy are able to obtain, process, understand, and act upon health information and services provided virtually or through telehealth; and health system and provider strategies for ensuring the delivery of health literate virtual health services that benefit patients and practitioners alike. This Proceedings of a Workshop-in Brief highlights the presentations and discussions of the workshop. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Automated Research Workflows for Accelerated Discovery: Closing the Knowledge Discovery Loop SN - DO - 10.17226/26532 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26532/automated-research-workflows-for-accelerated-discovery-closing-the-knowledge-discovery PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Computers and Information Technology KW - Math, Chemistry, and Physics KW - Policy for Science and Technology AB - The needs and demands placed on science to address a range of urgent problems are growing. The world is faced with complex, interrelated challenges in which the way forward lies hidden or dispersed across disciplines and organizations. For centuries, scientific research has progressed through iteration of a workflow built on experimentation or observation and analysis of the resulting data. While computers and automation technologies have played a central role in research workflows for decades to acquire, process, and analyze data, these same computing and automation technologies can now also control the acquisition of data, for example, through the design of new experiments or decision making about new observations. The term automated research workflow (ARW) describes scientific research processes that are emerging across a variety of disciplines and fields. ARWs integrate computation, laboratory automation, and tools from artificial intelligence in the performance of tasks that make up the research process, such as designing experiments, observations, and simulations; collecting and analyzing data; and learning from the results to inform further experiments, observations, and simulations. The common goal of researchers implementing ARWs is to accelerate scientific knowledge generation, potentially by orders of magnitude, while achieving greater control and reproducibility in the scientific process. Automated Research Workflows for Accelerated Discovery: Closing the Knowledge Discovery Loop examines current efforts to develop advanced and automated workflows to accelerate research progress, including wider use of artificial intelligence. This report identifies research needs and priorities in the use of advanced and automated workflows for scientific research. Automated Research Workflows for Accelerated Discovery is intended to create awareness, momentum, and synergies to realize the potential of ARWs in scholarly discovery. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Shauna Hallmark A2 - Nicole Oneyear A2 - John Shaw A2 - John Gaspar A2 - Cher Carney A2 - Chris Schwarz TI - Influence of Infrastructure Design on Distracted Driving DO - 10.17226/26550 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26550/influence-of-infrastructure-design-on-distracted-driving PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - While many studies have focused on driver distractions such as cell-phone use, the impact of infrastructure elements on distraction and the extent to which they may cause distraction has not been well studied. Examples include objects that are unusual (such as aesthetic bridges) or confusing (signage or markings) or that require an unusual amount of time to locate (like a specific wayfinding sign among multiple roadside objects).The TRB Behavioral Traffic Safety Cooperative Research Program's BTSCRP Web-Only Document 1: Influence of Infrastructure Design on Distracted Driving provides an opportunity to develop a better understanding of the interaction between the built environment and driver distraction. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Susan Chrysler A2 - Kay Fitzpatrick A2 - LuAnn Theiss A2 - Chuck Fuhs TI - Application of Dynamic Lane-Use Control: Proposed Practices DO - 10.17226/26810 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26810/application-of-dynamic-lane-use-control-proposed-practices PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - Dynamic lane-use control has been in use for over 50 years on arterial streets, freeways, toll plazas, bridges, and tunnels. One could say lane-use control signals were the first form of active traffic management. And yet, they are one of the least-researched traffic control devices in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 1021: Application of Dynamic Lane-Use Control: Proposed Practices presents a comprehensive, human factor study of dynamic lane-use control signal applications to provide advanced warning of closures in arterial and freeway operations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Richard Rosenfeld A2 - Amanda Grigg TI - The Limits of Recidivism: Measuring Success After Prison SN - DO - 10.17226/26459 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26459/the-limits-of-recidivism-measuring-success-after-prison PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Behavioral and Social Sciences AB - Nearly 600,000 people are released from state and federal prisons annually. Whether these individuals will successfully reintegrate into their communities has been identified as a critical measure of the effectiveness of the criminal legal system. However, evaluating the successful reentry of individuals released from prison is a challenging process, particularly given limitations of currently available data and the complex set of factors that shape reentry experiences. The Limits of Recidivism: Measuring Success After Prison finds that the current measures of success for individuals released from prison are inadequate. The use of recidivism rates to evaluate post-release success ignores significant research on how and why individuals cease to commit crimes, as well as the important role of structural factors in shaping post-release outcomes. The emphasis on recidivism as the primary metric to evaluate post-release success also ignores progress in other domains essential to the success of individuals returning to communities, including education, health, family, and employment. In addition, the report highlights the unique and essential insights held by those who have experienced incarceration and proposes that the development and implementation of new measures of post-release success would significantly benefit from active engagement with individuals with this lived experience. Despite significant challenges, the report outlines numerous opportunities to improve the measurement of success among individuals released from prison and the report’s recommendations, if implemented, will contribute to policies that increase the health, safety, and security of formerly incarcerated persons and the communities to which they return. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine TI - Selected Immune Disorders and Disability SN - DO - 10.17226/26595 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26595/selected-immune-disorders-and-disability PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) administers the Social Security Disability Insurance program and the Supplemental Security Income program. As part of their process, immune system disorders are evaluated under Listing of Impairments 14.00 for adults and 114.00 for children. At the request of the SSA, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine assembled a committee to review selected conditions related to the immune system. In particular, the SSA was interested in the current status of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of immune system disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma, polymyositis, Sjogren's syndrome/disease, and inflammatory arthritis. This report provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these immune system disorders in the U.S. population and the relative levels of functional limitation typically associated with them, common treatments, and other considerations. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Alexandra Andrada A2 - Sharyl J. Nass A2 - Joe Alper TI - Strategies and Interventions to Reduce Suicide: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26471 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26471/strategies-and-interventions-to-reduce-suicide-proceedings-of-a-workshop PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Health and Medicine AB - The persistent trends in suicide necessitate action among mental health care providers and payers, researchers, and community leaders. Health care settings provide an important opportunity for suicide intervention and prevention, but they cannot yet fully manage suicide risk because of a lack of training, knowledge gaps, and reimbursement challenges. School, workplace, and community-based interventions can help reduce the incidence of suicidal behavior, as can better access to care and reduced access to lethal means of suicide. To better understand the strategies to improve access to effective interventions to prevent suicide, the Forum on Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a two-part virtual public workshop, Strategies and Interventions to Reduce Suicide, on June 22, 2021, and July 28, 2021. The first webinar examined the scope of the public health problem, discussed implementation of effective approaches for suicide prevention care, and addressed known barriers to health care access. The second webinar focused on building 9-8-8, the new nationwide emergency number designated to the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Participants discussed current crisis systems, gaps, challenges, and needs for marginalized populations. This Proceedings of a Workshop summarizes the presentations and discussions that occurred during the workshops. ER - TY - BOOK AU - Transportation Research Board AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - Candace Brakewood TI - Considering the Unbanked in Cashless Fare Payment at Point of Service for Bus/Demand-Response Services DO - 10.17226/26589 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26589/considering-the-unbanked-in-cashless-fare-payment-at-point-of-service-for-busdemand-response-services PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Transportation and Infrastructure AB - In recent years, many transit systems have been considering the benefits and challenges of moving to completely cashless fare payments and trying to find innovative solutions to help all their customers.The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Synthesis 163: Considering the Unbanked in Cashless Fare Payment at Point of Service for Bus/Demand-Response Services is designed to help inform transit systems of the impacts of going cashless. Several emerging trends are identified, including that transit agencies are seeking to understand how many riders are unbanked and how to meet their needs. ER - TY - BOOK AU - National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine A2 - April Melvin TI - Wildland Fires: Toward Improved Understanding and Forecasting of Air Quality Impacts: Proceedings of a Workshop SN - DO - 10.17226/26465 PY - 2022 UR - https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26465/wildland-fires-toward-improved-understanding-and-forecasting-of-air-quality-impacts PB - The National Academies Press CY - Washington, DC LA - English KW - Earth Sciences AB - Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and the severity of fires have been increasing, concurrent with human movement into previously uninhabited fire-prone areas and forest management practices that have increased fuel loads. These changes heighten the risk of exposure to fire itself and emissions (smoke), which can travel thousands of miles and affect millions of people, creating local, regional, and national air quality and health concerns. To address this growing threat, the National Academies brought together atmospheric chemistry and health research communities, natural resource managers, and decision makers to discuss current knowledge and needs surrounding how wildland fire emissions affect air quality and human health. Participants also explored opportunities to better bridge these communities to advance science and improve the production and exchange of information. This publication summarizes the workshop discussions and themes that emerged throughout the meeting. ER -