The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 27... ...
What's actually a good use of public money is spending a few tens of millions of dollars first in a pilot to find out whether this $10 billion actually will have an impact -- and, crucially, how to make this more impactful." A policy of starting experiments small and trying different designs systematically to learn what works can greatly increase overall impact. In addition, experimentation can provide novel solutions to policy challenges and is a route to continuous improvement, thereby enabling better decisions while saving money.
|
From page 28... ...
Finally, it involves instituting the necessary methods, including a clear ex ante learning strategy and the capabilities to successfully implement it. Capabilities for experimentation include specific skills and resources that agencies need to run an experiment successfully, including access to data infrastructures, research and evaluation capabilities, and expertise with RCTs.
|
From page 29... ...
Bravo-Biosca also stated that government agencies that have embraced experimentation have found that approaches that were not expected to work were in fact the most successful, that it is possible to undertake experiments involving small changes without requiring legislative reforms, and that even small experiments can have major impacts. Successful execution of experiments is a team sport involving academic researchers, policymakers, and experienced implementers, Bravo-Biosca concluded.
|
From page 30... ...
Proposals just above and just below the funding line can be put into a random draw, which treats all proposals the same but allows for randomization. With this partial lottery approach, SNSF collects data on the successful and unsuccessful proposals, which it has combined with simulations and career tracker cohorts to gauge the effectiveness of review panels.
|
From page 31... ...
By the time of the workshop, it had been involved in four activities: validation projects, setting up project companies, running technology challenges, and developing broader strategies for the governance of the German innovation system, such as chip manufacturing capabilities, intellectual property transfer standards, and the resilience of the open source ecosystem. Some of these activities contributed to
|
From page 32... ...
However, the support can be made available within a few weeks, "which is much faster than any funding process previously known in the German system." The project companies are dedicated companies that engage in larger research and transfer projects, which can last multiple years, and over their lifetime can consume 20–90 million euros -- "so these are big projects." SPRIN-D has run challenge programs in the areas of broad-scale antivirals, carbon to value, new computing concepts, long-duration energy storage, and the biocircular economy, with funding for a given challenge ranging as high as 40 million euros. Harhoff reported that a proposal for a "SPRIN-D Freedom Law" being discussed at the interministerial level (as of the time of the workshop)
|
From page 33... ...
The presenters were asked about measuring outcomes in terms of assessing benefits that are more difficult to measure than something like citations, such as the social value of an innovation or the training of students involved in doing research. Egger said that one of the easier things to measure is the result of career funding, particularly in similarly matched students who either do or do not receive funding.
|
From page 34... ...
Nevertheless, RORI is pursuing the idea of compiling a data set on people funded at random, "and we would be very happy to collaborate on such a project." Bravo-Biosca remarked on the opportunities for governments and researchers in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries to collaborate more intensively. Harhoff reminded the workshop of the challenges faced in creating broader participation in the innovation space, where "you have some very unorthodox players that you have to scout actively and get into the process."
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.