An Assessment of the Divisions of the Physical Measurement Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Located in Boulder, Colorado Fiscal Year 2023 (2024) / Chapter Skim
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5 Quantum Electromagnetics Division
5 Quantum Electromagnetics Division
Pages 30-38
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From page 30... ...
The Long Wavelength Sensors and Applications Group explores and implements devices and spectrometers for long wavelength low energy electromagnetic radiation with super-high sensitivity at absolute energy scale by using TES and microwave kinetic induction detector-based devices. These devices achieved an unprecedented sensitivity of 6 × 10–19 W/Hz1/2 in the long-wavelength region and provided absolute power measurement metrology at low power levels relevant to quantum computing.
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From page 31... ...
The Device Microfabrication Group has recently fabricated 300 wafers for sensors and interconnects yearly. The mix includes TESs, microwave kinetic inductance detectors, SQUID arrays, time-division SQUID multiplexers, microwave SQUID multiplexers, Josephson parametric amplifiers, kinetic inductance traveling wave parametric amplifiers, normal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junctions, tunable inductance bridges, and microresonators.
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From page 32... ...
Quantum Calorimeters Group The extension of TES applications to highly sensitive calorimetric detection of X rays and gamma rays promises to revolutionize precision detection. The group develops and disseminates sensors and spectrometer instruments to detect single photons, particles, and radioactive decays, particularly active in X-ray and gamma-ray wavebands, and in decay energy spectroscopy.
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From page 33... ...
Arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors enable new astrophysics applications. The group demonstrated a highly sensitive TES bolometer intended to achieve absolute power sensitivities as small as 100 aW in support of quantum computing.
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From page 34... ...
The Boulder Cryogenic Quantum Testbed is a project within the Quantum Electronics Group that is intended to explore materials limitations to the performance of supercomputing quantum computers. There appears to be good collaboration with a Google group that has been at the forefront of commercial quantum supercomputing activities.
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From page 35... ...
Opportunities and Challenges Since the previous reorganization, the group has initiated many new diverse research directions on in situ characterization of dynamic properties of spin-based materials, and highly sensitive quantum sensing and quantum computing with promising advances. This small group is spread very thin and it is not adequate to cover these new areas in stochastic spin-based computing.
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From page 36... ...
Furthermore, given that many researchers work in their own small groups with little interaction with the broader NIST community, the institute could improve retention and achieve broader research collaborations by encouraging broader interactions among researchers through NIST-wide seminar series and activities and the development of common meeting areas such as a cafeteria. Conclusion 5-2: Clear and open policies and practices across the organization on recruiting permanent government employee positions and promoting interactions and collaborations would be useful in helping the Physical Measurement Laboratory in recruiting and retaining the world-class workforce that it needs.
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From page 37... ...
The Quantum Electromagnetics Division develops highly precise measurements and instrumentation using devices such as SQUID amplifiers, microcalorimeters, and microbolometers fabricated in the Boulder Microfabrication Facility. This designed and developed equipment is a marvel of engineering and science, reflecting the fact that the quality of the researchers in the division is unique and important to the future of NIST.
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From page 38... ...
This could generate new research projects to support industrial needs while helping recruit future staff. For example, this may be realized by a NIST-led industry–academia partnership program to develop advanced design, measurement, and metrology technologies in emerging devices and materials or quantum sensing and computing applications by using resources from academic centers, investment of commercial partners, and ongoing government initiatives such as the Quantum Initiative and CHIPS program.
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