Seismic Site Response Analysis with Pore Water Pressure Generation: Resources for Evaluation (2024) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 119-141

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From page 119...
... 119 APPENDIX C-1 Centrifuge Experiment 1. Overview The primary purpose of the centrifuge experiment was to create a case history of strong ground shaking at a liquefiable site.
From page 120...
... 120 The model of the top 7.0 m of the WLA site (clay and sand layers) was built in the UNH laminar box.
From page 121...
... 121 table reached the surface of the silty sand layer. Both the achieved dry and saturated unit weights matched the target values of 13.4 kN/m3 and 18.0 kN/m3, respectively.
From page 122...
... 122 Upon saturation of silty sand and the initial spin-up of the specimen in the centrifuge, specimen surface uniformly settled by approximately 15 mm or 8.1% (with respect to the initial height of 185 mm)
From page 123...
... 123 Figure C-3. Cross Section through Laminar Box – Schematic of Instrumentation Dimensions are in Meters (Prototype Scale)
From page 124...
... 124 from a series of shallow crustal events and were applied in the same sequence they were recorded. The second motion in the sequence, the NS component of the Superstition Hills Earthquake, liquefied silty sand at the site.
From page 125...
... 125 Plots of target and achieved acceleration histories and plots of target and achieved acceleration response spectra (5% damping) are compared in Table C-3.
From page 126...
... 126 WW – Acceleration Histories WW - Spectra In an effort to compare the in-situ recorded response of WLA to its centrifuge counterpart, special attention was devoted to matching of the ELMR, SUPH, and HOV acceleration histories. As shown in Tables C-2 and C-3, the low-intensity ELMR motion is matched the best.
From page 127...
... 127 Table C-4. Acceleration and PWP Response - ELMR.
From page 128...
... 128 Figure C-5 is a supplemental presentation of recorded acceleration response with depth. It reveals amplification of input motion from PGA = 0.078 g at a depth of 7.0 m below the model surface to approximately PGA = 0.15 g at the model surface.
From page 129...
... 129 Figure C-7. Profile of Recorded Maximum Lateral Displacement - ELMR.
From page 130...
... 130 Base (Input) ru = / ′ where is the Excess PWP and ′ is the Initial Effective Stress at Depth.
From page 131...
... 131 Figure C-9. Surface Settlement History - SUPH.
From page 132...
... 132 Table C-6. Acceleration and PWP Response - HOV.
From page 133...
... 133 Figure C-11 is a supplemental presentation of recorded acceleration response with depth. It reveals amplification of input motion from PGA = 0.168 g at depth of 7.0 m below model surface to approximately PGA = 0.226 g at the model surface.
From page 134...
... 134 Figure C-13. Profile of Recorded Maximum Lateral Displacement - HOV.
From page 135...
... 135 Base (Input) ru = / ′ where is the Excess PWP and ′ is the Initial Effective Stress at Depth.
From page 136...
... 136 6.2. Settlement of Model Surface Settlement history of the laminar box surface response in vertical direction (i.e., settlement)
From page 137...
... 137 7. Centrifuge Experiment Results - WW In this section similar set of results for the tests under WW motion is presented.
From page 138...
... 138 Base (Input) ru = / ′ where is the Excess PWP and ′ is the Initial Effective Stress at Depth.
From page 139...
... 139 Figure C-18. Surface Settlement History - WW 7.3.
From page 140...
... 140 At the end of shaking, the thickness of the WLA soil profile is reduced by approximately 2.6 %, i.e., from 7.0 m to approximately 6.8 m. Measured settlement correlates well with ground motion parameters.
From page 141...
... 141 There are two options to saturate the soil specimen in a centrifuge experiment: (i) with de-aired water; and/or (ii)

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