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From page 207... ...
207 APPENDIX D-3 Calibration of CM Sub-Models General This study was commissioned to focus on the undrained response of saturated, relatively loose sands found in nature, up to and including soil liquefaction. The laboratory test-based calibration of nonlinear effective-stress constitutive models (i.e., "element tests")
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From page 208... ...
208 S-I Model Modulus reduction and damping curves may be directly entered into equivalent-linear programs as a series of discrete values. They may be also selected from a database of such curves that accompany most equivalent-linear software.
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From page 209... ...
209 Given the above, there is no formal calibration of the S-I model. However, there is significant judgment associated with development of these curves.
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From page 210... ...
210 (a) Modulus Reduction Curve (b)
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From page 211... ...
211 (a) Modulus Reduction Curve (b)
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