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From page 247... ...
247 APPENDIX E-3 Wildlife Liquefaction Array Site Site Response in the 2012 M 4.9 Hovley Earthquake General This Appendix presents results of numerical modeling of the response of the Wildlife Liquefaction Array (WLA) site in the 2012 M 4.9 Hovley earthquake.
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248 2012 M 4.9 Hovley Earthquake and Ground Motions Relevant information about the 2012 M 4.9 Hovley earthquake and ground motions induced at the site are presented in Table E-2. Table E-2.
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249 Figure E-2. Acceleration Response Spectra in the 2012 M 4.9 Hovley Earthquake: (a)
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250 Site Exploration and Characterization Relevant information about the re-instrumented WLA site, including site location and layout, and results of site characterization efforts, is provided in the site characterization report that is enclosed as Appendix B-1. Select information is reproduced from Appendix B-1 in Figure E-4.
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252 Element Testing Table E-4 lists the results of element tests performed and documented in this study, including in Appendix D-2. The CM sub-model testing, i.e., fitting of the modulus reduction and damping curves is documented in Appendix E-1.
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254 model parameters assessed were fine-tuned in an iterative process. The fine-tuning was performed with the Hovley in-hole record scaled to Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA)
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255 Results - Ground Surface Response The Total Stress Analysis (TSA) was performed first to establish a Total Stress (TS)
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256 (a) Program 2 (MKZ)
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257 (g) Program 4 (UCSDSAND3)
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258 (c) Peak Shear Strain Figure E-11.
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259 (a) Peak Ground Acceleration (b)
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261 (a) Program 2 (MKZ)
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262 APPENDIX E-3 Attachment Site Response Model of the Re-Instrumented WLA Site Layer No. Soil Type Thickness (m)
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263 Parameters and Coefficients of the MKZ Model (Program 2) Layer No.
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264 Parameters and Coefficients of the UCSDSAND3 Model (OpenSees) Layer No.
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265 2 1.00.E-04 2.20 4.40 1.73 - - - 3 1.00.E-04 2.20 4.40 1.93 - - - 4 1.00.E-03 2.20 4.40 1.93 - - - 5 1.00.E-04 2.20 4.40 1.97 0.15 3 -0.2 6 1.00.E-04 2.20 4.40 1.97 0.15 3 -0.2 7 1.00.E-04 2.20 4.40 1.97 0.15 3 -0.2 8 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 9 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 10 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 11 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 12 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 13 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 14 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 15 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 16 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 17 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 18 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 19 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - 20 1.00.E-05 2.20 4.40 1.97 - - - ππ = pressure dependent coefficient; ππππβ² = reference mean effective pressure; ππ = model friction angle; π π 0 = model cohesion; πΎπΎππππππ,ππ = maximum shear strain at reference pressure; ππππππ = number of yield surface; ππππππ = phase transformation angle; ππππ, ππππ, ππππ, ππππ, ππππ = contraction parameters; ππ = Poisson's ratio; π΅π΅ππ = bulk modulus; πΊπΊππππππ = small-strain shear modulus; πππ π πππ π = soil permeability; π΅π΅ππ = bulk modulus of water; π΅π΅ππ = combined bulk modulus; ππ = soil density; ππππ, ππππ, ππππ = soil dilation parameters. Rayleigh damping parameters: πΆπΆππ = 0.08 and π·π·ππ = 0.00017.
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From page 266... ...
266 Parameters and Coefficients of the PM4SAND Model (Program 4) Layer No.
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