Pile Design for Downdrag: Examples and Supporting Materials (2024) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

Appendix I: Design Example 7 - Liquefaction in Gravel Using PileAXL and TZPILE
Pages 222-268

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 222...
... T h e diff er e n c e b et w e e n D esi g n E x a m pl e 7 a n d D esi g n E x a m pl es 5 a n d 6 is t h at D esi g n E x a m pl e 7 d e als wit h li q u ef a cti o n of gr a v el w hil e D esi g n E x a m pl es 5 a n d 6 d e alt wit h li q u ef a cti o n of s a n ds. Si mil ar pr o c e d ur es f or d et er mi ni n g t h e a m o u nt of s oil s ettl e m e nt w er e us e d; h o w e v er, t h e d esi g n c al c ul ati o ns f or gr a v el ar e diff er e nt t h a n t h e d esi g n c al c ul ati o ns f or s a n ds.
From page 223...
... . T h es e p ar a m et ers i n cl u d e: t h e s oil m o d ul us, P oiss o n's r ati o, c o effi ci e nt of l at er al e art h pr ess ur e at r est, ri gi dit y i n d e x, u nit b e ari n g c a p a cit y ( as o bt ai n e d usi n g b e ari n g c a p a cit y f a ct ors 𝑀𝑀 πΈπΈβˆ— , 𝜈𝜈 πœπœβˆ— , 𝜐𝜐 𝛼𝛼 )
From page 224...
... 𝑀𝑀 𝐸𝐸′ = 𝜈𝜈 𝜐𝜐 𝜐𝜐 βˆ— 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛼𝛼 𝐡𝐡′ 𝐡𝐡 βˆ— 𝛼𝛼 E q u ati o n 7 E q u ati o ns 𝛼𝛼 βˆ— βˆ— = 0 .6 οΏ½ π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ βˆ’ 1 οΏ½ π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ β€² E q u ati o n 8 2- 1 1 fr o m π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ ( 1 + 2 π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ )
From page 227...
... T h e esti m at e of p ost-li q u ef a cti o n r e c o ns oli d ati o n s ettl e m e nt is dri v e n b y t h e f a ct or of s af et y a g ai nst li q u ef a c ti o n tri g g eri n g, F S L . D et er mi nisti c li q u ef a cti o n -tri g g eri n g c al c ul ati o ns m et h o ds c o m m o nl y li n k i niti al li q u ef a cti o n t o a n e x c ess p or e pr ess ur e r ati o of 1 0 0 % ( a n d/ or c y cli c s h e ar str ai n of 3 %)
From page 228...
... 5, c orr es p o n di n g t o 1 5 u nif or m s h e ar str ess c y cl es, N = 1 5, a n d o n e at m os p h er e of pr ess ur e m a y b e c o m p ut e d usi n g ( K a y e n et al.
From page 229...
... f or m ul ati o n f or r d , gi v e n b y: 𝑑𝑑 π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ ( π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ )
From page 230...
... T h er e aft er, t h e c u m ul ati v e s ettl e m e nt r e pr es e nti n g t h e o n e -di m e nsi o n al r e c o ns oli d ati o n s ettl e m e nt at t h e gr o u n d s urf a c e is c o m p ut e d as t h e s u m of i n cr e m e nt al s ettl e m e nts fr o m t h e b as e of t h e e x pl or ati o n, 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑓𝑓 π‘Ÿπ‘Ÿ 𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓 , as: 𝑒𝑒 = 𝑏𝑏 𝑒𝑒 𝑛𝑛 𝑒𝑒 π‘œπ‘œ 1 𝑠𝑠 = βˆ‘ 𝑒𝑒 = 0 βˆ† 𝑑𝑑 ( 𝑝𝑝 )
From page 231...
... f or t h e d e pt h pr es e nt e d i n t h e c al c ul ati o ns a n d at ot h er d e pt hs ar e s h o w n i n Fi g ur e I1. I n di vi d u al p ar a m et ers t h at w er e c al c ul at e d f or all d e pt hs f or d et er mi n ati o n of t h e p ost -li q u ef a cti o n r e c o ns oli d ati o n s ettl e m e nt ar e i n cl u d e d i n T a bl e I4.
From page 232...
... E v e nt 2. N ot e: s c al e c h a n g e f or t h e c u m ul ati v e s oil s ettl e m e nt ( s e c o n d ar y x -a xi s)
From page 233...
... T a bl e I 2 . D et ail e d c al c ul ati o n s f or d et er mi ni n g p o st -li q u ef a cti o n s oil s ettl e m e nt.
From page 234...
... 1 7 2. 0 tri g g ers c al c ul ati o n of v ol u m etri c str ai n a n d c orr es p o n di n g s ettl e m e nt C al c ul at e r e c o ns oli d ati o n s ettl e m e nt 𝑝𝑝 𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑠 = 1 .8 5 9 βˆ™ ( 1 .1 βˆ’ 𝑒𝑒 )
From page 235...
... . D et ail e d c al c ul ati o n s f or d et er mi ni n g p o st -li q u ef a cti o n s oil s ettl e m e nt.
From page 236...
... R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d c orr e ct e d s h e ar w a v e v el o cit y.
From page 237...
... R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d c orr e ct e d s h e ar w a v e v el o cit y. El e v z S oil T y p e Ξ³' Οƒ vo Οƒ v o' Vs V s1 FC C o m m e nts: 1909 51 Sand 63 6359 3738 993 861 4 S e e d efi niti o n of 1908 52 Sand 63 6484 3801 993 858 4 v ari a bl es o n 1907 53 Sand 63 6610 3864 993 854 4 pr e vi o us p a g e.
From page 238...
... R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d c orr e ct e d s h e ar w a v e v el o cit y. El e v z S oil T y p e Ξ³' Οƒ vo Οƒ v o' Vs V s1 FC C o m m e nts: 1858 102 Gr a v el 60 12640 6837 867 647 0 S e e d efi niti o n of 1857 103 Gr a v el 60 12763 6897 867 645 0 v ari a bl es o n 1856 104 Gr a v el 60 12885 6957 867 644 0 pr e vi o us p a g e.
From page 239...
... 0 0 pr ess ur e , C R R = C y cli c 1928 32 -0.
From page 240...
... . R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d f a ct or of s af et y a g ai n st li q u ef a cti o n ( R olli n s et al., 2 0 2 2)
From page 241...
... . R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d f a ct or of s af et y a g ai n st li q u ef a cti o n ( R olli n s et al., 2 0 2 2)
From page 242...
... 0 0 pr ess ur e , 1928 32 0.
From page 243...
... R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d f a ct or of s af et y a g ai n st li q u ef a cti o n ( K a y e n et al., 2 0 1 3)
From page 244...
... R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d f a ct or of s af et y a g ai n st li q u ef a cti o n ( K a y e n et al., 2 0 1 3)
From page 245...
... 8 5 C u m ul ati v e s oil 1944 16 99 -1.
From page 246...
... . R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d s oil s ettl e m e nt ( B o ul a n g er a n d I dri s s, 2 0 0 8 )
From page 247...
... . R e s ult s fr o m c al c ul ati o n s t o fi n d s oil s ettl e m e nt ( B o ul a n g er a n d I dri s s, 2 0 0 8 )
From page 248...
... T h e i n p ut d at a, wit hi n t h e Pil e A X L pr o gr a m, ar e s h o w n i n Fi g ur es I 3 t hr o u g h I1 1. T h e pil e s e cti o n pr o p erti es a n d a n al ysis o p ti o ns ar e s h o w n i n Fi g ur es I3 a n d I4.
From page 249...
... E a c h of t h e m at eri als w as cr e at e d t h e n m o difi e d b y s el e cti n g t h e E dit b utt o n t o e n a bl e i n p ut of t h e v ari o us s oil p ar a m et ers ( m at eri al t y p e, m at eri al n a m e, t ot al u nit w ei g ht, fri cti o n a n gl e, a n d c o effi ci e nt of Fi g ur e I5. P arti al f a ct or s of s af et y u s e d wit hi n t h e l at er al e art h pr ess ur e)
From page 250...
... T h e i n cr e m e nt al si d e r esist a n c e is pr es e nt e d as βˆ† Q i n T a bl e I8. T h es e v al u es w er e o bt ai n e d b y diff er e n ci n g t h e u lti m at e t ot al si d e r esist a n c e ( U L S Qs)
From page 251...
... T h e el asti c c o m pr essi o n of t h e pil e w as c al c ul at e d usi n g t h e d e pt h-d e p e n d e nt l o a ds fr o m t h e c o m bi n e d l o a d-r esist a n c e c ur v e. T h e a m o u nt of c u m ul ati v e el asti c c o m pr essi o n w as d et er mi n e d b y s u m mi n g t h e i n di vi d u al el asti c c o m pr essi o n v al u es fr o m t h e b ott o m of t h e pil e t o t h e t o p of t h e pil e.
From page 252...
... 9 Fi g ur e I 7. D efi n e – S oil M at eri al s – E dit wit hi n t h e Pil e A X L s oft w ar e pr o gr a m f or t h e diff er e nt m at eri al s.
From page 253...
... D efi n e – S oil L a y er s wit hi n t h e Pil e A X L s oft w ar e pr o gr a m.
From page 254...
... 9 Fi g ur e I 1 0. D efi n e – S oil L a y er s – E dit wit hi n t h e Pil e A X L s oft w ar e pr o gr a m f or t h e diff er e nt s oil l a y er s.
From page 255...
... Pil e A X L o ut p ut d at a wi n d o w aft er a n al y zi n g t h e d at a.
From page 256...
... 3 2 2 ( E x c el c al c ul ati o n)
From page 257...
... Mi ni m u m of l o a d or r e si st a n c e Fi g ur e I1 4 . L o a d -s ettl e m e nt c ur v e fr o m Pil e A X L v al u e s at e a c h d e pt h, a s a f u n cti o n of d e pt h f or o ut p ut i n i m p eri al u nit s f or a 1 2 4ft l o n g pil e.
From page 258...
... T a bl e I 9. L o a d-s ettl e m e nt c ur v e d at a f or a 1 2 4ft l o n g pil e.
From page 259...
... Mi ni m u m of l o a d or r e si st a n c e v al u e s Fi g ur e I 1 7. Pil e a n d s oil s ettl e m e nt a s a f u n cti o n at e a c h d e pt h, a s a f u n cti o n of d e pt h f or 1 3 6ft of d e pt h.
From page 260...
... M et h o d B: T Z PI L E d esi g n c al c ul ati o n s wit h Pil e A X L i n p ut F or e as e of us e, t-z a n d Q- w c ur v es t h at w er e " G e n er at e d b y t h e pr o gr a m " w er e us e d.
From page 261...
... Fi g ur e I2 0 . S oil s ettl e m e nt pr o p erti e s i n T Z PI L E
From page 262...
... It er ati o n of t o e c o m bi n e d l o a d -r esist a n c e c ur v e, a n d c al c ul at e t h e a m o u nt of m o v e m e nt s. dr a g l o a d i n t h e pil e T h e d e pt h -d e p e n d e nt c o m bi n e d l o a d a n d r esist a n c e c ur v e t h at w as d e v el o p e d usi n g t h e T Z PI L E pr o gr a m is pr es e nt e d i n Fi g ur e I2 3 a n d r e p ort e d i n T a bl e I1 1.
From page 263...
... R e s ult s fr o m T Z PI L E a s o bt ai n e d b y T a bl e I 1 1 c o nt. R e s ult s fr o m T Z PI L E , a s o bt ai n e d u si n g Pil e A X L i n p ut and a d diti o n al by u si n g Pil e A X L i n p ut a n d a d diti o n al s pr e a d s h e et p o st -pr o c e s si n g c al c ul ati o n s.
From page 264...
... 4 2. 3 7 3 St e p 9: C al c ul at e t h e g e ot e c h ni c al r esist a n c e of t h e pil e T h e g e ot e c h ni c al r esist a n c e w as d et er mi n e d i n T Z PI L E b y r e p e ati n g St e p 5 of t h e M et h o d B fl o w c h art.
From page 265...
... St e p 1 0: I d e ntif y t h e l o c ati o n a n d s ettl e m e nt of t h e n e utr al pl a n e (fr o m t h e s oil s ettl e m e nt- pil e s ettl e m e nt c ur v e ) T h e a m o u nt of el asti c c o m pr essi o n wit hi n t h e pil e w as a ut o m ati c all y c al c ul at e d i n t h e T Z PI L E s oft w ar e pr o gr a m.
From page 266...
... C o n cl usi o n : T h e Pil e A X L a n d T Z PI L E pr o gr a ms w er e us e d i n c o nj u n cti o n t o d et er mi n e t h e a m o u nt of dr a g l o a d a n d d o w n dr a g r es ulti n g fr o m a h y p ot h eti c al p ost li q u ef a cti o n r e c o m pr essi o n i n a gr a v el d e p osit at t h e T o k Ri v er bri d g e sit e i n Al as k a. T h e a m o u nt of s oil s ettl e m e nt r es ulti n g fr o m t h e p ost -li q u ef a cti o n r e c o m pr essi o n w as d et er mi n e d b y usi n g t h e R olli ns et al.
From page 267...
... a n d d et er mi n e d h er ei n w er e si g nifi c a ntl y diff er e nt. T h es e diff er e n c es w er e attri b ut e d t o t h e diff er e n c es i n t h e a m o u nt of u nf a ct or e d l o a d t h at w as m o d el e d at t h e t o p of t h e pil e a n d d u e t o diff er e nt pil e l e n gt hs b ei n g c o nsi d er e d.
From page 268...
... . " D o c u m e nt ati o n a n d a n al ysis of fi el d c as e hist ori es of s eis mi c c o m pr essi o n d uri n g t h e 1 9 9 4 N ort hri d g e, C alif or ni a e art h q u a k e.


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.