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From page 64... ...
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From page 65... ...
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From page 66... ...
New York $ 98,293,000 Texas 72,982,000 California 71,044,000 Illinois 62,690,000 $305,009,000 The next six states accounted for 23 percent, so that ten states provided over 50 percent of all state operating funds in 1972. Direct support for private health professional schools is pro- vided by at least 13 states.*
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From page 67... ...
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From page 68... ...
years. The bulk of NIH funds has gone to medical and osteopathic schools; very few of the research funds, or of the increase in research funds in recent years, have gone to any of the other pro- fessions.
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From page 69... ...
Chapter 3 EDUCATION COSTS IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS This chapter presents estimates of the average annual education costs per student in eight health professions for the school year 1973, based on a survey of 82 schools. It also identifies the major components of education costs within each profession and outlines the cost-finding methodology used in this study.
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From page 70... ...
Multiple and Interrelated Products. The educational process in the health professions comprises instruction and some portions of patient care, research, and other activities in which faculty must engage to teach effectively.
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From page 71... ...
ute to the schools' programs. Space and fixed equipment are pro- vided from capital expenditures and may have no current expense charged against them.
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From page 72... ...
TABLE 12 Number of Schools Sampled in Estimating Costs of Health Professional Education, 1972-73 Sampled schools Profession Total a/ Number Percent of total Medicine 104 14 13 Osteopathy 7 3 43 Dentistry 50 8 16 Optometry 12 4 33 Pharmacy 73 10 14 Podiatry 5 3 60 Veterinary Medicine 18 5 28 Nursing 1,377 35 3 Baccalaureate 293 14 5 Associate _ 543 8 1 Diploma S41 13 2 a/Totals include the number of schools which had graduated at least one class by 1972-73. simultaneously to the instruction of students as well as to research or patient care; and a portion of administrative and scholarly acti- vities that generally support all programs of the institution.
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From page 73... ...
At the sampled schools, the study group requested faculty to keep records of time spent in each of the activities listed in Table 13 for one week of the 1973 spring semester. The percentage of time spent in the various activities was used to allocate faculty costs to activities.
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From page 74... ...
TABLE 13 Faculty Activities in Health Professional Schools, 1972-73 Activity Definition Teaching Activities Teaching Preparation for teaching Curriculum development and evaluation Joint Activities Joint teaching and patient care Joint research and teaching Research Activities Independent research Patient Care Activities Patient care Hospital/clinical administration General Support Activities Administration Service Professional development Writing Absence Formal teaching, in classroom, laboratory, clinical or other setting. Patients may be present, but for demonstration purposes only.
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From page 75... ...
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From page 76... ...
however, have caused the study group to omit cost imputations for volunteer faculty from the costs presented in this report.* Table 15 shows the percent distribution of instruction costs and their major components for each profession.
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From page 77... ...
faculty as teachers must be maintained, and an appropriate mixture of faculty skills and scholarly interaction must be provided. Determining how much of a school's research and patient care is essential to the educational program requires subjective judg- ments, differing from one profession to another.
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From page 78... ...
TABLE 16 Faculty Research and Patient Care Activities Considered Essential to Education Profession Independent research Patient care Medicine and Basic sciences: up to 67% Balance of joint Osteopathy of faculty instruction teaching and patient costs. care not already Clinical sciences: up to included in instruction.
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From page 79... ...
TABLE 17 Average and Range of Annual Education Costs per Student by Profession, 1972-73 Profession Average Range Medicine $12,650 $6,900 - $18,650 Osteopathy 8,950 6,900 = 12,350 Dentistry 9,050 6,150 - 16,000 Optometry 4,250 3,750 = 4,750 Pharmacy 3,550 1,600 ~- 5,750 Podiatry 5,750 4,400 - 6,700 Veterinary Medicine 7,500 6,050 - 10,500 Nursing Baccalaureate 2,000 1,200 - 4,050 Associate 1,650 1,050 = 2,150 Diploma 3,300 1,850 = 4,850 NOTE: Dollars are rounded to nearest $50 for medicine, osteopathy, dentistry and veterinary medicine fall within a narrow range from $6,550 to $8,000 while education costs for the same four professions range from $7,500 to $12,650. The addition of $5,000 per student in research and patient care costs for medicine, $2,450 for osteopathy, $1,050 for dentistry, and $800 for veterinary medicine account for these differences.
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From page 80... ...
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From page 81... ...
To simplify the examination of cost factors, the study group focused on instruction costs -- those costs directly related to the instruction of first degree students. Four components were consid- ered: faculty costs, other direct costs, indirect costs, and clinic costs.
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From page 82... ...
In order to evaluate the reasons for variations in faculty costs, the study group analyzed both the averages of faculty compen- Sation and the ratios of instructional faculty to students. The latter item is computed by dividing the number of faculty by the number of first degree students, and multiplying the result by the percent of faculty time spent in the instruction of first degree students.
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From page 83... ...
Organization factors, such as a school's type of control or university affiliation, are presumed to affect costs. The study group's findings in this area, however, were inconclusive.
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