Index
A
Adult stem cells, 19-29, 41, 55
animal models, 21, 23, 25-26, 27, 28-29, 47
bone marrow, 2, 7, 16, 19, 21, 41, 58
brain, 2, 12, 16, 23, 24, 25, 27-28
cloning and, 11
committee recommendations, 5, 55, 56
differentiation, 2, 7-8, 16-17, 20, 21, 27-28, 29
embryonic stem cells vs, 2-3, 17, 56
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), 16, 19-23, 25, 26, 29, 47
histocompatibility, 21-22, 24, 26
multipotent, 28
neural, 16, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28
philosophical, ethical, and legal issues, 47
plasticity, 16, 24, 25, 26, 28, 41, 47
Alzheimer’s disease, 8
Animal models, 2
adult stem cells, 21, 23, 25-26, 27, 28-29, 47
bone marrow transplants, 21
committee findings and recommendations, 55-56
diabetes, fetal stem cells, 16
embryonic stem cells, 32-34, 35, 36
hematopoietic stem cells, 21, 23, 25, 29
Antigens
see also Histocompatibility
surface antigen, 22-23, 38, 71, 72
Attitudes and beliefs, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues;
Public opinion
Autoimmune diseases, 8
Autologous transplants, 24, 27
defined, 67
B
B cells, 20
Birth defects, 8
Blastocysts, 13, 14, 31, 32, 37
cloning, 11
defined, 67
inner cell mass, 15, 31, 37, 70;
see also Embryonic stem cells
Blood, see Hematopoietic stem cells
Bone marrow stem cells
see also Hematopoietic stem cells
adult, 2, 7, 16, 19, 21, 41, 58
committee workshop agenda, 79
defined, 67-68
Brain
adult stem cells, 2, 12, 16, 23, 24, 25, 27-28
Alzheimer’s disease, 8
committee workshop agenda, 80
fetal stem cells, 13
Parkinson’s disease, 8, 13, 27, 35, 84
Burns, 8
C
Cancer, 8
see also Bone marrow stem cells
brain, 24
embryonic stem cells, 32, 34, 36, 38
hematopoietic stem cells, 22
neoplastic growth defined, 71
Cardiovascular system, 8
neural crest cells, 13
defined, 68
Cloning, reproductive, 10, 11, 47
D
Dendrites
defined, 68
embryonic stem cells, 38
see also Multipotent stem cells;
Plasticity
adult stem cells, 2, 7-8, 16-17, 20, 21, 27-28, 29
defined, 68
embryonic stem cells, 7-8, 19, 21, 32-33, 34, 36-38
undifferentiated cells, defined, 72
Digestive system, 13, 21, 23, 33
DNA
defined, 68
Drugs, immunosuppressive, 4, 34
E
defined, 68
Embryonic germ cells, 16
defined, 68
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), 8, 10, 15, 16, 31-39, 55, 86
see also Blastocysts;
Philosophical, ethical and legal issues
adult stem cells vs, 2-3, 17, 56
cloning vs, 11
committee recommendations, 5, 41-42, 43, 56
committee workshop agenda, 79-81
differentiation, 7-8, 19, 21, 32-33, 34, 36-38
funding for research, 3-4, 5, 35, 49-51, 58, 59
hematopoietic, 32, 33, 34, 35, 47
immune system, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47
multipotent, 16, 32, 33-34, 41
neural stem cells, 8, 15, 32, 33-34, 35
plasticity, 41;
see also “multipotent” supra
renal, 34-35
somatic cell nuclear transfer technique (SCNT), 5, 10, 11, 12, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, 59
Embryos, 14
animal models, 21, 23, 27, 33, 41
defined, 68
defined, 69
Ethical issues, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues
Eyes, 16
adult stem cells, 23, 25-26, 28
committee biographies, 82
committee workshop agenda, 80
F
Fats, see Adipocytes;
Lipids
defined, 69
morula, 70-71
zygotes
defined, 13-14
Food and Drug Administration, 54, 80, 86
France, 46
embryonic stem cells, 3-4, 5, 35, 49-51, 58, 59
G
adult stem cells, 24
Germany, 46
Germ cells, 16
defined, 69
Gonadal ridge, 16
defined, 69
Graft-versus-host disease, 21-22
defined, 69
H
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), 56
adult, 16, 19-23, 25, 26, 29, 47
defined, 69
fetal, hepatic system, 13, 16, 29, 80
Hepatic system, 7
committee workshop agenda, 79-80
defined, 69
fetal hematopoietic stem cells, 13, 16, 29, 80
adult stem cells, 21-22, 24, 26
autologous transplants, 24, 27, 67
committee recommendations, 5
defined, 69
embryonic stem cells, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47
graft-versus-host disease, 21-22, 69
immunosuppressive drugs, 4, 34
transplant rejection, 4, 10, 12, 21-22, 24, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47, 58
I
Immune system
see also Histocompatibility
adult stem cells, 19, 21-22, 24, 26
B cells, 20
cell types, defined, 69-70, 72
embryonic stem cells, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47
graft-versus-host disease, 21-22, 69
lymphocytes, 20, 21, 70, 72, 87
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), 10, 11, 12
transplant rejection, 4, 10, 12, 21-22, 24, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47, 58
immunosuppressive drugs, 4, 34
white blood cells, general, 72;
see also “lymphocytes” supra
Infection
embryonic stem cells, 38
see also Embryonic stem cells
defined, 70
International perspectives, 46, 80
Internet, committee presentations, xii, 9
In vitro fertilization, 43, 48
defined, 70
K
Kidney, see Renal system
L
Legal issues, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues
Leukocytes, see White blood cells
Lipids
defined, 70
Liver, see Hepatic system
Lymphocytes, 87
B cells, 20
defined, 70
M
defined, 70
Malignancy, see Cancer
Mesoderm, 13
defined, 70
Moral issues, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues
Morulas, 13
defined, 70-71
Multipotent stem cells, 16
adult stem cells, 28
embryonic stem cells, 16, 32, 33-34, 41
Muscle stem cells
committee workshop agenda, 79
N
National Institutes of Health, 50, 52-53
national advisory group (ESC research), 5, 53, 58
recent report, 10
Neoplastic growth, see Cancer
Neural crest cells
Neural stem cells
see also Brain
adult, 16, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28
Alzheimer’s disease, 8
committee workshop agenda, 80
defined, 71
embryonic, 8, 15, 32, 33-34, 35
fetal, 13
Parkinson’s disease, 8, 13, 27, 35, 84
Neurons
defined, 71
O
Osteoporosis, 8
cloning, 11
defined, 71
P
Pancreas
committee workshop agenda, 80
embryonic stem cells, 32, 34-35, 36
Parkinson’s disease, 8, 13, 27, 35, 84
Pharmaceuticals, see Drugs, immunosuppressive
Philosophical, ethical and legal issues, xi-xii, 1, 3-5, 10, 12, 43-48, 50, 51-53, 55, 57-58, 85, 86-87
adult stem cell research, 47
committee workshop agenda, 80-81
international perspectives, 46, 80
public opinion, xi, 1, 52-53, 55, 57
religious, 44-45
Placenta, 16
defined, 71
Plasticity
see also Multipotent stem cells
adult stem cells, 16, 24, 25, 26, 28, 41, 47
embryonic stem cells, 41
Pluripotent stem cells, see Multipotent stem cells
Private sector, 3, 49-52, 57, 85
committee workshop agenda, 80
Progenitor cells
hematopoietic, 20
pancreatic, 13
Proteins, adult stem cells, 12, 22, 26-27
Public opinion, xi, 1, 52-53, 55, 57
religious issues, 44-45
R
Religious, 44-45
Renal system
embryonic stem cells, 34-35
Reproductive system
see also terms beginning “Embryo,” and “Fetal”
in vitro fertilization, 43, 48, 70
S
SCNT, see Somatic cell nuclear transfer technique
adult stem cells, 21, 23, 27, 33, 41
burns, 8
Smooth muscle cells, 15
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), 5, 10, 11, 12, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, 59
Somatic cells, general, 29
committee recommendations, 5
defined, 71
Stromal cells, 33
defined, 71
Surface antigens, 22-23, 38, 71
defined, 72
T
T cells
defined, 72
hematopoietic stem cells, 20, 21
Trophoblasts, 13