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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×

Index

A

Adipocytes, 15, 28, 32

Adult stem cells, 19-29, 41, 55

animal models, 21, 23, 25-26, 27, 28-29, 47

bone marrow, 2, 7, 16, 19, 21, 41, 58

brain, 2, 12, 16, 23, 24, 25, 27-28

cancer, 22, 24

cardiovascular system, 21, 28

cloning and, 11

committee recommendations, 5, 55, 56

defined, 16-17, 67

differentiation, 2, 7-8, 16-17, 20, 21, 27-28, 29

embryonic stem cells vs, 2-3, 17, 56

eyes, 23, 25, 25-26, 28

hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), 16, 19-23, 25, 26, 29, 47

hepatic system, 23, 26

histocompatibility, 21-22, 24, 26

multipotent, 28

muscle, 16, 21, 23, 25, 28

neural, 16, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28

pancreatic, 23, 26

philosophical, ethical, and legal issues, 47

plasticity, 16, 24, 25, 26, 28, 41, 47

proteins, 12, 22, 26-27

skin, 21, 23, 27, 33, 41

Alzheimer’s disease, 8

Animal models, 2

adult stem cells, 21, 23, 25-26, 27, 28-29, 47

bone marrow transplants, 21

committee findings and recommendations, 55-56

diabetes, fetal stem cells, 16

embryonic stem cells, 32-34, 35, 36

hematopoietic stem cells, 21, 23, 25, 29

neural stem cells, 13, 27

Antigens

see also Histocompatibility

defined, 67, 71

surface antigen, 22-23, 38, 71, 72

Attitudes and beliefs, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues;

Public opinion

Autoimmune diseases, 8

diabetes, 8, 28, 35, 84

Autologous transplants, 24, 27

defined, 67

B

B cells, 20

Birth defects, 8

Blastocysts, 13, 14, 31, 32, 37

cloning, 11

defined, 67

inner cell mass, 15, 31, 37, 70;

see also Embryonic stem cells

Blood, see Hematopoietic stem cells

Bone cells, 16, 28, 79

Bone marrow stem cells

see also Hematopoietic stem cells

adult, 2, 7, 16, 19, 21, 41, 58

committee workshop agenda, 79

defined, 67-68

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×

differentiation, 7, 19

embryonic, 32, 33

Brain

adult stem cells, 2, 12, 16, 23, 24, 25, 27-28

Alzheimer’s disease, 8

committee workshop agenda, 80

embryonic stem cells, 32, 38

fetal stem cells, 13

Parkinson’s disease, 8, 13, 27, 35, 84

Breast cancer, 22, 85

Burns, 8

C

Cancer, 8

see also Bone marrow stem cells

adult stem cells, 22, 24

brain, 24

breast, 22, 85

embryonic stem cells, 32, 34, 36, 38

hematopoietic stem cells, 22

neoplastic growth defined, 71

Cardiovascular system, 8

adult stem cells, 21, 28

embryonic stem cells, 32, 33

neural crest cells, 13

Cartilage, 16, 28, 33

Chromosomes, 32, 36

defined, 68

Cloning, reproductive, 10, 11, 47

D

Dendrites

defined, 68

embryonic stem cells, 38

Diabetes, 8, 16, 28, 35, 84

Differentiation, 1, 42, 55

see also Multipotent stem cells;

Plasticity

adult stem cells, 2, 7-8, 16-17, 20, 21, 27-28, 29

blood cells, 19, 20

bone marrow stem cells, 7, 19

defined, 68

embryonic stem cells, 7-8, 19, 21, 32-33, 34, 36-38

undifferentiated cells, defined, 72

Digestive system, 13, 21, 23, 33

DNA

defined, 68

recombinant, 3-4, 51-53, 58

Drugs, immunosuppressive, 4, 34

E

Ectoderm, 13, 21

defined, 68

Embryonic germ cells, 16

defined, 68

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), 8, 10, 15, 16, 31-39, 55, 86

see also Blastocysts;

Philosophical, ethical and legal issues

adult stem cells vs, 2-3, 17, 56

animal models, 32-34, 35, 36

bone marrow, 32, 33

brain, 32, 38

cancer, 32, 34, 36, 38

cardiovascular system, 32, 33

cloning vs, 11

committee recommendations, 5, 41-42, 43, 56

committee workshop agenda, 79-81

defined, 13, 68-69

differentiation, 7-8, 19, 21, 32-33, 34, 36-38

feeder cells, 33, 36

funding for research, 3-4, 5, 35, 49-51, 58, 59

hematopoietic, 32, 33, 34, 35, 47

hepatic, 34, 38

immune system, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47

multipotent, 16, 32, 33-34, 41

muscle, 32, 33

neural stem cells, 8, 15, 32, 33-34, 35

pancreatic, 32, 34-35, 36

plasticity, 41;

see also “multipotent” supra

private sector, 3, 49-51

renal, 34-35

skin, 16, 33

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×

somatic cell nuclear transfer technique (SCNT), 5, 10, 11, 12, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, 59

Embryos, 14

animal models, 21, 23, 27, 33, 41

defined, 68

ectoderm, 13, 21

morulas, 13, 70-71

zygotes, 13, 14, 15, 37, 72

Endoderm, 13, 21

defined, 69

Ethical issues, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues

Eyes, 16

adult stem cells, 23, 25-26, 28

committee biographies, 82

committee workshop agenda, 80

F

Fats, see Adipocytes;

Lipids

Feeder cells, 33, 36

Fertilization, 14, 15

cloning, 11, 47

defined, 69

in vitro, 43, 48, 70

morula, 70-71

zygotes

Fetal stem cells, 14, 16, 29

cloning vs, 11, 47

defined, 13-14

Food and Drug Administration, 54, 80, 86

France, 46

Funding, 48-54, 57-58

embryonic stem cells, 3-4, 5, 35, 49-51, 58, 59

private sector, 3, 49-52, 57

report at hand, xi, 9

research, general, 3-4, 51-52

G

Genetic disorders, 8, 17, 84

adult stem cells, 24

Germany, 46

Germ cells, 16

defined, 69

Gonadal ridge, 16

defined, 69

germ cells, 16, 69

Graft-versus-host disease, 21-22

defined, 69

H

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), 56

adult, 16, 19-23, 25, 26, 29, 47

animal models, 21, 23, 25, 29

defined, 69

differentiation, 19, 20

embryonic, 32, 33, 34, 35, 47

fetal, hepatic system, 13, 16, 29, 80

T cells, 20, 21

Hepatic system, 7

adult stem cells, 23, 26

committee workshop agenda, 79-80

defined, 69

embryonic stem cells, 34, 38

fetal hematopoietic stem cells, 13, 16, 29, 80

Histocompatibility, 4, 21

adult stem cells, 21-22, 24, 26

autologous transplants, 24, 27, 67

committee recommendations, 5

defined, 69

embryonic stem cells, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47

graft-versus-host disease, 21-22, 69

immunosuppressive drugs, 4, 34

transplant rejection, 4, 10, 12, 21-22, 24, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47, 58

I

Immune system

see also Histocompatibility

adult stem cells, 19, 21-22, 24, 26

antigens, 67, 71

surface antigen, 22-23, 38, 71, 72

autologous transplants, 24, 27, 67

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×

B cells, 20

cell types, defined, 69-70, 72

committee biographies, 83, 87

embryonic stem cells, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47

graft-versus-host disease, 21-22, 69

lymphocytes, 20, 21, 70, 72, 87

macrophages, 15, 20, 70

somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), 10, 11, 12

T cells, 30, 31, 72

transplant rejection, 4, 10, 12, 21-22, 24, 34-35, 36, 38-39, 47, 58

immunosuppressive drugs, 4, 34

white blood cells, general, 72;

see also “lymphocytes” supra

Infection

embryonic stem cells, 38

Inner cell mass, 15, 31, 37

see also Embryonic stem cells

defined, 70

International perspectives, 46, 80

Internet, committee presentations, xii, 9

In vitro fertilization, 43, 48

defined, 70

K

Kidney, see Renal system

L

Legal issues, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues

Leukocytes, see White blood cells

Lipids

defined, 70

Liver, see Hepatic system

Lymphocytes, 87

B cells, 20

defined, 70

T cells, 20, 21, 72

M

Macrophages, 15, 20

defined, 70

Malignancy, see Cancer

Mesoderm, 13

defined, 70

Moral issues, see Philosophical, ethical and legal issues

Morulas, 13

defined, 70-71

Multipotent stem cells, 16

adult stem cells, 28

defined, 12, 71

embryonic stem cells, 16, 32, 33-34, 41

Muscle stem cells

adult, 16, 21, 23, 25, 28

committee workshop agenda, 79

embryonic, 32, 33

Mutations, 3, 36, 56-57

N

National Institutes of Health, 50, 52-53

DNA research, 3-4, 53

national advisory group (ESC research), 5, 53, 58

recent report, 10

Neoplastic growth, see Cancer

Neural crest cells

fetal, 13-14, 16

Neural stem cells

see also Brain

adult, 16, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28

Alzheimer’s disease, 8

animal models, 13, 27

committee workshop agenda, 80

defined, 71

embryonic, 8, 15, 32, 33-34, 35

fetal, 13

Parkinson’s disease, 8, 13, 27, 35, 84

spinal-cord injuries, 8, 83

Neurons

defined, 71

dendrites, 38, 68

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×

O

Osteoporosis, 8

Ovum, 13, 14, 15, 37

cloning, 11

defined, 71

P

Pancreas

adult stem cells, 23, 26

committee workshop agenda, 80

diabetes, 8, 16, 28, 35, 84

embryonic stem cells, 32, 34-35, 36

fetal stem cells, 13, 16

Parkinson’s disease, 8, 13, 27, 35, 84

Pharmaceuticals, see Drugs, immunosuppressive

Philosophical, ethical and legal issues, xi-xii, 1, 3-5, 10, 12, 43-48, 50, 51-53, 55, 57-58, 85, 86-87

adult stem cell research, 47

committee workshop agenda, 80-81

DNA research, 3-4, 51-53, 58

international perspectives, 46, 80

public opinion, xi, 1, 52-53, 55, 57

religious, 44-45

Placenta, 16

defined, 71

Plasticity

see also Multipotent stem cells

adult stem cells, 16, 24, 25, 26, 28, 41, 47

defined, 12, 71

embryonic stem cells, 41

Pluripotent stem cells, see Multipotent stem cells

Private sector, 3, 49-52, 57, 85

committee workshop agenda, 80

Progenitor cells

hematopoietic, 20

pancreatic, 13

Proteins, adult stem cells, 12, 22, 26-27

Public opinion, xi, 1, 52-53, 55, 57

religious issues, 44-45

R

Religious, 44-45

Renal system

embryonic stem cells, 34-35

Reproductive system

see also terms beginning “Embryo,” and “Fetal”

cloning, 10, 11, 48

in vitro fertilization, 43, 48, 70

ovum, 11, 13, 14, 15, 37, 71

placenta, 16, 71

umbilical cord, 16, 22

zygotes, 13, 14, 15, 37, 72

S

SCNT, see Somatic cell nuclear transfer technique

Skin cells, 7, 13, 16

adult stem cells, 21, 23, 27, 33, 41

burns, 8

embryonic stem cells, 16, 33

Smooth muscle cells, 15

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), 5, 10, 11, 12, 37, 39, 45, 46, 47, 59

Somatic cells, general, 29

committee recommendations, 5

defined, 71

Spinal-cord injuries, 8, 83

Stromal cells, 33

defined, 71

Surface antigens, 22-23, 38, 71

defined, 72

T

T cells

defined, 72

hematopoietic stem cells, 20, 21

Trophoblasts, 13

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×

U

Umbilical cord, 16, 22

Undifferentiated cells, see Differentiation

United Kingdom, 46

W

White blood cells

see also Hematopoietic stem cells;

Lymphocytes;

T cells

defined, 72

World Wide Web, see Internet

Z

Zygotes, 13, 14, 15, 37

defined, 72

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×
Page 89
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×
Page 90
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×
Page 91
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×
Page 92
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×
Page 93
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2002. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10195.
×
Page 94
Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine Get This Book
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Recent scientific breakthroughs, celebrity patient advocates, and conflicting religious beliefs have come together to bring the state of stem cell research—specifically embryonic stem cell research—into the political crosshairs. President Bush’s watershed policy statement allows federal funding for embryonic stem cell research but only on a limited number of stem cell lines. Millions of Americans could be affected by the continuing political debate among policymakers and the public.

Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine provides a deeper exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. In terms accessible to lay readers, the book summarizes what we know about adult and embryonic stem cells and discusses how to go about the transition from mouse studies to research that has therapeutic implications for people.

Perhaps most important, Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine also provides an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells. This timely book compares the impact of public and private research funding and discusses approaches to appropriate research oversight.

Based on the insights of leading scientists, ethicists, and other authorities, the book offers authoritative recommendations regarding the use of existing stem cell lines versus new lines in research, the important role of the federal government in this field of research, and other fundamental issues.

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