Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
References Abernethy DR, Todd EL. 1985. Impairment of caffeine clearance by chronic use of low- dose estrogen-containing oral contraceptives. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 28:425~28. Acquaviva F. DeFrancesco A, Aduruilli A, Piantino P. Arrigoni A, Massarenti P. Balzola F. 1986. Effect of regular and decaffeinated coffee on serum gastrin levels. J Clin Gastroenterol 8:150~153. Akerstedt T. Ficca G. 1997. Alertness-enhancing drugs as a countermeasure to fatigue in irregular work hours. Chronobiol Int 14:145-158. Amendola CA, Gabrieli JDE, Lieberman HR. 1998. Caffeine's effects on performance and mood are independent of age and gender. Nutr Neurosci 1 :269-280. Angrist B. Corwin J. Bartlik B. Cooper T. 1987. Early pharmacokinetics and clinical effects of oral D-amphetam~ne in nonnal subjects. Biol Psychiatry 22:1357-1368. Anonymous. 1992a. Amphetam~nes. In: Drug Facts ar~d Comparisons. St. Louis: Wolters Kluwer Co. Pp. 1022-1026. Anonymous. 1992b. Pemoline. In: Drug Facts and Comparisons. St. Louis: Wolters Kluwer Co. Pp. 1301-1302. Anselme F. Collomp K, Mercier B. Ahmaidi S. Prefaut C. 1992. Caffeine increases maximal anaerobic power and blood lactate concentration. Eur J Appl Physiol 65:188-191. Arciero PJ, Gardner AW, Calles-Escandon J. Benowitz NL, Poehlman ET. 1995. Effects of caffeine ingestion on NE kinetics, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure in younger and older men. Am JPhysiol 268:E1192-E1198. Arciero PJ, Gardner AW, Benowitz NL, Poehlman ET. 1998. Relationship of blood pressure, heart rate and behavioral mood state to norepinephrine kinetics in younger and older men following caffeine ingestion. Eur. J Clin Nutr 52:805-812. Armstrong LE, Maresh CM. 1996. Fluid replacement during exercise and recovery from exercise. In: Buskirk ER, Puhl SM, eds. Body Fluid Balance: Exercise and Sport. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Pp. 259-282. Arnaud MJ. 1987. The pharmacology of caffeine. Prog Drug Res 31: 273-313. 97
98 CAFFEINE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Arnaud MJ. 1988. The metabolism of coffee constituents. In: Coffee. Volume 3: Physiology. pp. 33-55. Arnaud MJ. 1993. Metabolism of caffeine and other components of coffee. In: Garattini S. ed. Caffeine, Coffee, and Health. New York: Raven Press. Pp. 43-95. Babkoff H. Kelly TL, Matteson LT, Gomez S. Lopez A, Hauser S. Naitoh P. 1992. Pemoline and methylphenidate: Interaction with mood, sleepiness, and cognitive performance during 64 hours of sleep deprivation. Mil Psychol 4:235-265. Bak AA, Grobbee DE. 1991. Caffeine, blood pressure, and serum lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 53:971-975. Balogh A, Irmisch E, Klinger G. Splinter FK, Hoffmann A. 1987. Elimination of caffeine and metamizol in the menstrual cycle of the fertile female. Zent bl Gyndkol 109:1135-1142. Barger-Lux MJ, Heaney RP, Stegman MR. 1990. Effects of moderate caffeine intake on the calcium economy of premenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 52:722-725. Barone JJ, Roberts HH. 1996. Caffeine consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 34: 119-129. Batejat DM, Lagarde DP. 1999. Naps and modafinil as countermeasures for the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. Aviat Space Environ Med 70:493-498. Bell DG, Jacobs I. 1999. Combined caffeine and ephedrine ingestion improves run times of Canadian Forces Warrior Test. Aviat Space Environ Med 70:325-329. Bell DG, Jacobs I, McLellan TM, Miyazaki M, Sabistion CM. 1999. Thermal regulation in heat during exercise after caffeine and ephedrine ingestion. Aviat Space Environ Med 70:583-588. Belland KM, Bissell C. 1994. A subjective study of fatigue during Navy flight operations over southern Iraq: Operation Southern Watch. Aviat Space Environ Med 65:557- 561. Benowitz NL. 1990. Clinical pharmacology of caffeine. Annu Rev Med 41 :277-288. Benowitz NL, Jacob P III, Mayan H. Denaro C. 1995. Sympathomimetic effects of paraxanthine and caffeine in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 58:684-691. Berglund B. Hemmingsson P. 1982. Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise performance at low and high altitudes in cross country skiers. Int J Sports Med 3:23~236. Blanchard J. Sawers SJA. 1983. Comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly men. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 11:109-126. Bonati M, Latini R. Galletti F. Young JF, Tognoni G. Garattini S. 1982. Caffeine disposition after oral doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 32:98-106. Bonnet MH. 1993. Cognitive effects of sleep and sleep fragmentation. Sleep 16:S65-S67. Bonnet M. 1999. Use of Prophylactic Naps Versus Caffeine to Maintain Alertness During Periods of Sleep Loss. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. 1994a. Impact of naps and caffeine on extended nocturnal performance. Physiol Behav 56:103-109. Bonnet MH, Arand DL. 1994b. The use of prophylactic naps and caffeine to maintain performance during a continuous operation. Ergonomics 37:1009-1020. Bonnet MH, Gomez S. Wirth O. Arand DL. 1995. The use of caffeine versus prophylactic napsin sustained performance. Sleep 18:97-104. Boulenger JP, Uhde TW, Wolff EA III, Post RM. 1984. Increased sensitivity to caffeine in patients with panic disorders. Preliminary Evidence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:1067-1071.
REFERENCES 99 Brachtel D, Richter E. 1992. Absolute bioavailability of caffeine from a tablet formulation. J Hepatol 16:385. Brackett LE, Daly TW. 1991. Relaxant effects of adenosine analogs on guinea pig trachea in vitro. Xanthine-sensitive and xanthine-insensitive mechanisms. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 257:205-213. Brackett LE, Sharnim MT, Daly JW. 1990. Activities of caffeine, theophylline and enprofylline analogs as tracheal relaxants. Biochem Pharmacol 39:1897-1904. Bray G. Lieberman H. Magill R. Ryan D, Smith S. Volautova J. Waters W. 1999. Caffeine Effects During Sleep Deprivation and Recovery. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Broughton RJ, Fleming JAE, George CFP, Hill JD, Kryger MH, Moldofsky H. Montplaisir JY, Morehouse RL, Moscovitch A, Murphy WF. 1997. Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial of modafinil in the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy. Neurology 49:444-451. Brouns F. Kovacs MR, Senden JMG. 1998. The effect of different rehydration drinks on post-exercise electrolyte excretion in trained athletes. Int J Sports Med 19:56 60. Brown NJ, Ryder D, Nadeau J. 1993. Caffeine attenuates the renal vascular response to angiotensin II infusion. Hypertension 22:847-852. Buguet A, Montmayeur A, Pigeau R. Naitoh P. 1995. Modafinil, d-amphetamine and placebo during 64 hours of sustained mental work. II. Effects on two nights of recovery sleep. J Sleep Res 4:229-241. Burg AW, Werner E. 1975. Effect of orally administered caffeine and theophylline on the tissue concentrations of 3'5'-cyclic AMP and phosphodiesterase. Federation Proc 34: 332. Busto U. Bendayan R. Sellers EM. 1989. Clinical pharmacokinetics of non-opiate abused drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 16: 1-26. Caan B. Quesenberry CP Jr, Coates AP. 1998. Differences in fertility associated with caffeinated beverage consumption. Am J Public Health 88:27(}274. Caldwell J. 1999. Use of Amphetamines to Counteract Sleep Deprivation. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Caldwell JA, Caldwell JL. 1997. An in-flight investigation of the efficacy of dextroamphetamine for sustaining helicopter flight performance. Aviat Space Environ Med 68: 1073-1080. Caldwell JA, Caldwell JL, Crowley JS, Jones HD. 1995. Sustaining helicopter pilot performance with Dexadrine(~ during periods of sleep deprivation. Aviat Space Environ Med 66:930-937. Caldwell JA, Nicholas K, Caldwell JL, Hall KK, Norman DN. 1999. The Effects of Modafinil on Aviator Performance During 40 Hours of Continuous Wakefulness: A UH-60 Helicopter Simulator Study. Report No. USAARL-99-17. Fort Rucker, AL: Army Aeromedical Research Unit. Caldwell JA, Smythe NK, Leduc PA, Caldwell JL. 2000. Efficacy of Dexadrine~ for maintaining aviator performance during 64 hours of sustained wakefulness: A simulator study. Aviat Space Environ Med 71 :7-18. Callahan MM, Robertson RS, Arnaud MJ, Branfman AR, McCormish MF, Yesair DW. 1982. Human metabolism of t1-methyl-~4C]- and t2-~4C]caffeine after oral administration. Drug Metab Dispos 10:417-423.
100 CAFFEINE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Cameron OG, Modell JG, Harihaven M. 1990. Caffeine and human cerebral blood flow: A positron emission tomography study. Life Sci 47:1141-1146. Castellanos FX, Rapoport JL. In press. Effects of caffeine on development and behavior in infancy and childhood: A review of the Medline literature. In: Caffeine and Health. Washington, DC: ILSI North America. Charney DS, Heninger OR, Jatlow PI. 1985. Increased anxiogenic effects of caffeine in panic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 4293:233-243. Chelsky LB, Cutler JE, Griffith K, Kron J. McClelland JH, and McAnulty JH. 1990. Caffeine and ventricular arrhythmias. An electrophysiological approach. JAm Med Assoc 264:2236-2240. Chemelli RM, Willie JT, Sinton CM, Elmquist JK, Scammell T. Lee C, Richardson JA, Williams SC, Xiong Y. Kisanuko Y. Fitch TE, Nakazato M, Hammer RE, Saper CB, Yanagisawa M. 1999. Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: Molecular genetics of sleep regulation. Cell 98:437~51. Christian MS, Brent RL. 2001. Teratogen update: Evaluation of the reproductive and developmental risks of caffeine. Teratology 64:51-78. Chvasta TE, Cooke AR. 1971. Emptying and absorption of caffeine from the human stomach. Gastroenterology 61:838-843. Cohen BS, Nelson AG, Prevost MC, Thompson GD, Marx BD, Morris GS. 1996. Effects of caffeine ingestion on endurance racing in the heat and humidity. Eur J Appl Physiol 73:358-363. Collis MG, Keddie JR, Torr SR. 1984. Evidence that the positive ionotropic effects of alkylxanthines are not due to adenosine receptor blockade. Br JPharmacol 81:401- 407. Collomp K, Ahmaidi S. Chatard JC, Audran M, Prefaut C. 1992. Benefits of caffeine ingestion on sprint performance in trained and untrained swi~lu~ers. Eur J Appl Physiol 64:377-380. Couturier KG, Laman DM, van Duijn MA, van Duijn H. 1997. Influence of coffee and caffeine withdrawal on headache and cerebral blood flow velocities. Cephalalgia 17:188-190. Curatolo PW, Robertson D. 1983. The health consequences of caffeine: Review. Ann Intern Med 98:641-653. Daly JW. 1993. Mechanism of action of caffeine. In: Garattini S. ed. Caffeine, Cof37ee, and Health. New York: Raven Press. Pp. 97-150. Daly JW, Shi D, Nikodyivic O. Jacobson KA. 1999. The role of adenosine receptors in the central action of caffeine. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Pp. 1-16. de Angelis L, Bertolissi M, Nardini G. Traversa U. Vertua R. 1982. Interaction of caffeine with benzodiazepines: Behavioral effects in mice. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 225:89-102. Dews PB, O'Brien CP, Bergman J. In press. Behavioral effects of caffeine: Dependence and related issues. In: Caffeine and Health. Washington, DC: ILSI North America. Dimpfel W. Schober F. Spuler M. 1993. The influence of caffeine on human EEG under resting conditions and during mental loads. Clin Investig 71: 197-207. Dinges DF. 1989. Napping patterns and effects on human adults. In: Dinges DF, Broughton RI, eds. Sleep and Alertness: Chronobiological, Behavioral arid Medical Aspects of Napping. New York: Raven Press. Pp. 171-204. Dinges DF, Orne MT, Whitehouse WG, Orne EC. 1987. Temporal placement of naps for alertness: Contributions of circadian phase and prior wakefulness. Sleep 10:313- 329.
REFERENCES 101 Dlugosz L, Bracken MB. 1992. Reproductive effects of caffeine: A review and theoretical analysis. Epidemiol Rev 14:83-100. Dodd SL, Brooks E, Powers SK, Tulley R. 1991. The effects of caffeine on graded exercise performance in caffeine naive versus habituated subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol 62:424-429. Dodd SL, Herb RA, Powers SK. 1993. Caffeine and exercise performance. An update. Sports Med 15:14-23. Dreisbach RH. 1974. Handbook of Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment, 8th ed. Los Altos, CA: Lange Medical Publications. Duke JA. 1988. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Handbook Press. Pp. 131-132. Durlach PJ. 1998. The effect of low dose caffeine on cognitive performance. Psychopharmacology 140: 116-119. Edgar DM, Seidel WE. 1997. Modafinil induces wakefulness without intensifying motor activity or subsequent rebound hypersomnolence in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 283:757-769. Eggertsen R. Andreasson A, Hedner T. Karlb erg BE, Hansson L. 1993. Effect of coffee on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with hypertension. JIntern Med 233:351- 355. Emonson DL, Vanderbeek RD. 1995. The use of amphetamines in U.S. Air Force tactical operations during Desert Shield and Storm. Aviat Space Environ Med 66:260-263. Erickson MA, Schwarzkoff RJ, McKenzie RD. 1987. Effects of caffeine, fructose, and glucose ingestion on muscle glycogen utilization during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19:579-583. Eskenazi B. Stapleton AL, Kharrazi M, Chee WY. 1999. Associations between maternal decaffeinated and caffeinated coffee consumption and fetal growth and gestational duration. Epidemiology 10:242-249. Essig, D, Costill DL, Van Handel PJ. 1980. Effects of caffeine ingestion on utilization of muscle glycogen and lipid during leg ergometer cycling. Int J. Sports Med 1: 86-90. Falk JL, Lau CE. 1991. Synergism of caffeine and by cocaine of the motor control def~cit produced by midazolam. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. P. 78. Falk B. Burstein R. Rosenblum J. Shapiro Y. Zylber-Katz E, Bashan N. 1990. Effects of caffeine ingestion on body fluid balance and thermoregulation during exercise. Can JPhysiol Pharmacol 68:889-892. FDA (Food and Drug Administration). 1980a. Ca~eine Content of Various Products. Talk Paper T80-45, October 9. Rockville, MD: FDA. FDA. 1980b. Proposed rule making. Removal of caffeine from GRAS list. Federal Register 45:69817. FDA. 1987. Caffeine in nonalcoholic carbonated beverages. Federal Register 52:18923- 18926. FDA. 1999. Schedules of controlled substances: Placement of modafinil into schedule IV. Final rule. Federal Register 64:4050-4052. Fenster L, Quale C, Waller K, Windham GC, Elkin EP, Benowitz N. Swan SH. 1999. Caffeine consumption and menstrual function. Am JEpidemiol 149:550-557. Fernandes O. Sabharwal M, Smiley T. Pastuszak A, Koren G. Einarson T. 1998. Moderate to heavy caffeine consumption during pregnancy and relationship to spontaneous abortion and abnormal fetal gro~vth: A meta-analysis. Reprod Toxicol 12:435-444. Finn IB, Hol~man SG. 1986. Tolerance to caffeine-induced stimulation of locomotor activity in rats. JPharmacol Exp Ther 238:542-545.
102 CAFFEINE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Flinn S. Gregory J. McNaughton LR, Tristram S. Davies P. 1990. Caffeine ingestion prior to incremental cycling to exhaustion in recreational cyclists. Int J Sports Med 1 1:188-193. Foreman N. Barraclough S. Moore C, Mehta A, Madon M. 1989. High doses of caffeine impair performance of a numerical version of the Stroop Task in men. Pharmocol Biochem Behav 32:399~03. Fulco CS, Rock PB, Trad LA, Rose MS, Forte VA Jr, Young PM, Cymerman A. 1994. Effect of caffeine on submaximal exercise performance at altitude. Aviat Space Environ Med 65:539-545. Gander PH, Gregory KB, Miller DL, Graeber RC, Connell LJ, Rosekind MR. 1998. Flight crew fatigue V: Long-haul air transport operation. Aviat Space Environ Med 69:B37-B48. Gastin PB, Miesner JE, Boileau RA, Slaughter MH. 1990. Failure of caffeine to enhance exercise performance in incremental treadmill running. Aust J Sci Med Sports 22:23-27. George J. Murphy T. Roberts R. Cooksley WGE, Halliday KW, Powell LW. 1986. Influence of alcohol and caffeine consumption on caffeine elimination. Clin Exp PharmacolPhysiol 13:731-736. Ghai G. Zimmerman MB, Hopkins MF. 1987. Evidence for Al and A2 adenosine receptors in guinea pig trachea. Life Sci 41:1215-1224. Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P (eds). 1990. In: Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Bases of Therapeutics in Two Volumes. New York: McGraw-Hill. P. 625. Glynn NW, Meilahn EN, Charron M, Anderson SJ, Kuller LH, Cauley JA. 1995. Determinants of bone mineral density in older men. J Bone Miner Res 10:1769- 1777. Gold LH, Balster RL. 1996. Evaluation of the cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects and reinforcing effects of modafinil. Psychopharmacology 126:286-292. Goldstein A, Warren R. Kaizer S. 1965. Psychotropic effects of caffeine in man. I. Individual differences in sensitivity to caffeine-induced wakefulness. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 149:156-159. Gomez S. Kelly T. Schlangen K, Elsmore T. Engelland RS. 1993. Improvement in cognitive performance after the administration of a single dose of pemoline during a 64-hr period without sleep. J. Sleep Res 22:331. Gonzalez-Alonso J. Heaps CL, Coyle EF. 1992. Rehydration after exercise with common beverages and water. Int J. Sports Med 13:399~06. Gordon NF, Myburgh JL, Kruger PE, Kempff PG, Cilliers JF, Moolman J. Grobler HC. 1982. Effects of caffeine ingestion on therrnoregulatory and myocardial function during endurance performance. S Afr Med. J 62:644 647. Graham TE, Spriet LL. 1995. Metabolic, catecholamine, and exercise performance response to various doses of caffeine. JAppl Physiol 78:867-874. Graham TE, Rush JWE, van Soeren MH. 1994. Caffeine and exercise: Metabolism and performance. Can JAppl Physiol 19:111-138. Grand AN, Bell LN. 1997. Caffeine content of fountain and private-label store brand carbonated beverages. JAm Diet Assoc 97: 179-182. Grant DM, Campbell ME, Tang BK, Kalow W. 1987. Biotransformation of caffeine by microsomes from human liver. Kinetics and inhibition studies. Biochem Pharmacol 36:125 1-1260. Green HJ, Symon S. Daley R. 1990. Attenuation of human quadriceps fatigue with caffeine. Can JAppl Sports Sci 15:1 15.
REFERENCES 103 Green PJ, Suls J. 1996. The effects of caffeine on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and mood in coffee drinkers. JBehav Med 19:111-128. Greenberg W. Shapiro D. 1987. The effects of caffeine and stress on blood pressure in individuals with and without a family history of hypertension. Psychophysiology 24:151-156. Griffiths RR, Mumford KG. 1995. CaffeineA drug of abuse? In: Bloom EF, Kupfer JD, eds. Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York: Raven Press. Pp. 1699-1713. Griffiths RR, Woodson PP. 1988. Caffeine physical dependence: A review of human and laboratory animal studies. Psychopharmacology 94:437-451. Griffiths RR, Bigelow GE, Liebson IA. 1986. Human coffee drinking: Reinforcing and physical dependence producing effects of caffeine. J. Pharmacol Exp Ther 239:416- 425. Griffiths RR, Evans SM, Heishman SJ, Preston KL, Sannerud CA, Wolf B. Woodson PP. 1990. Low-dose caffeine physical dependence in humans. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 255:1 123-1 132. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. 2000. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 343: 1833-1 838. Heaney RP. In press. Effects of caffeine on bone and the calcium economy. In: Caffeine and Health. Washington, DC: ILSI North America. Heaney RP, Recker RR. 1982. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, and caffeine on calcium balance in women. J. Lab Clin Med 99:46-55. Heishman SJ, Henningfield JE. 1992. Stimulus functions of caffeine in humans: Relation to dependence potential. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 16:273-287. Heishman SJ, Henningfield JE. 1994. Is caffeine a drug of dependence? Criteria and comparisons. Pharmacopsychoecologia 7:127-135. Hermant J-F, Rambert FA, Duteil J. 1991. Awakening properties of modafinil: Effect on nocturnal activities in monkeys (Macaca mulatta) after acute and repeated administration. Psychopharmacology 103:28-32. Hernandez-Avila M, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B. Speizer FE, Willett WC. 1991. Caffeine, moderate alcohol intake, and risk of fractures of the hip and forearm in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nrutr 54:1 57-1 63. Hetzler RK, Knowlton RG, Somani SM, Brown DD, Perkins RM III. 1990. Effect of parazantine on FFA mobilization after intravenous caffeine administration in humans. JAppl Physiol 68:421 47. Hodgman MJ. 1998. Caffeine. In: Wexler P. ed. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. San Diego: Academic Press. Pp. 209-210. Hofer I, Battig K. 1993. Coffee consumption, blood pressure tonus and reactivity to physical challenge in 338 women. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 44:573-576. Hogervorst E, Riedel WJ, Schmitt JA, Jolles J. 1998. Caffeine improves memory performance during distraction in middle-aged, but not in young or old subjects. Human Psychopharmocol 13:277-284. Hogervorst E, Riedel WJ, Kovacs E, Brouns F. Jolles J. 1999. Caffeine improves cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise. Int J Sports Med 20:35 361. Holtzman SG, Mante S. Minneman KP. 1991. Role of adenosine receptors in caffeine tolerance. JPharmacol Exp Ther 256:62-81. Horne JA, Reyner LA. 1996. Counteracting driver sleepiness: Effect of napping, caffeine, and placebo. Psychophysiology 33:306-309.
104 CAFFEINE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Horton TJ, Geissler CA. 1996. Post-prandial thermogenesis with ephedrine, caffeine and aspirin in lean pre-disposed obese and obese women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 20:9 1-97. Iancu I, Dolberg OT, Zohar J. 1996. Is caffeine involved in the pathogenesis of combat- stress reaction? Mil Med 161:23~232. IFT (Institute of Food Technologists). 1983. Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition. Caffeine: A Scientific Status Summary. Chicago: IFT. IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1993. Nutritional Needs in Hot Environments: Applications for Military Personnel in Field Operations. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. IOM. 1994. Food Components to Enhance Performance. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. IOM. 1996. Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. IOM. 1999. Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Jackman M, Wendling P. Friars D, Graham TE. 1996. Metabolic catecholamine and endurance responses to caffeine during intense exercise. JAppl Physiol 81:1658- 1663. James JE. 1990. The influence of user status and anxious disposition on the hypertensive effects of caffeine. Int JPsychophysiol 10:171-179. James JE. 1994. Does caffeine enhance or merely restore degraded psychomotor performance? Neuropsychobiology 30:12~125. James JE. 1995. Caffeine and psychomotor performance revisited. Neuropsychobiology 3 1 :202-203. James JE. 1998. Acute and chronic effects of caffeine on performance, mood, headache and sleep. Neuropsychobiology 38:32~1. Jarvis MJ. 1993. Does caffeine intake enhance levels of cognitive performance? Psychopharmacology 1 10:45-52. Jee SH, He J. Whelton PK, Sub I, Klag MJ. 1999. The effect of chronic coffee drinking on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Hypertension 33:647~52. Jensen TK, Henriksen TB, Hjollund NH, Scheike T. Kolstad H. Giwercman A, Ernst E, Bonde JP, Skakkebaek NE, Olsen J. 1998. Caffeine intake and fecundability: A follow-up study among 430 Danish couples planning their first pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol 12:289-295. Johnson R. 1999. Caffeine and Sentry Duty Performance. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Kamimori GH, Joubert A, Otterstetter R. Santaromana M, Eddington ND. 1999. The effect of the menstrual cycle on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine in normal, healthy eumenorrheic females. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55:445 449. Kaplan GB, Greenblatt DJ, Ehrenberg BL, Goddard JE, Cotreau MM, Harmatz JS, Shader RI. 1997. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and psychomotor effects of caffeine in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 37:693-703. Kautz MA. 1999. Cognitive Performance Effects of Caffeine Versus Amphetamine Following Sleep Deprivation. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research.
REFERENCES 105 Kawachi I, Colditz GA, Stone CB. 1994. Does coffee drinking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? Results from a meta-analysis. Br Heart J 72:269-275. Kelly TL, Gomez S. Ryman D, McGeoy S. Rubin RT, Bonnet MH, Naitoh P. 1996. Effects of Repeated Doses of Caffeine During 64 Hours of Sleep Deprivation on Subsequent Recovery Sleep. Technical Report No. 96-11. San Diego: Naval Health Research Center. Kenemans JL, Lorist MM. 1995. Caffeine and selective visual processing. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 52:461-471. Kerr JS, Sherwood N. Hindmarch I. 1991. Separate and combined effects of the social drugs on psychomotor performance. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. P. 77. Kiel DP, Felson DT, Hannan MT, Anderson JJ, Wilson WFP. 1990. Caffeine and the risk of hip fracture: The Framingham Study. Am JEpidemiol 132:675-683. Kiyohara C, Kono S. Honjo S. Todoroki I, Sakurai Y. Nishiwaki M, Hamada H. Nishikawa H. Koga H. Ogawa S. Nakagawa K. 1999. Inverse association between coffee drinking and serum uric acid concentrations in middle-aged Japanese males. Br JNutr 82:125-130. Klebanoff MA, Levine RJ, DerSimonian R. Clemens JD, Wilkins DG. 1999. Maternal serum paraxanthine, a caffeine metabolite, and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N EnglJMed 341:1639-1644. Kovacs EMR, Stegen JHCH, Brouns F. 1998. Effect of caffeinated drinks on substrate metabolism, caffeine excretion, and performance. JAppl Physiol 85:709-715. Kuribara H. Tadokoro S. 1992. Caffeine does not effectively ameliorate, but rather may worsen the ethanol intoxication when assessed by discrete avoidance in mice. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. P. 50. Kuznicki JT, Turner LS. 1986. The effects of caffeine on caffeine users and non-users. Physiol Behav 37:397-408. Kynast-Gales SA, Massey LK. 1994. Effect of caffeine on circadian excretion of urinary calcium and magnesium. JAm Coll Nutr 13:467-472. Lader MH. 1999. Caffeine withdrawal. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Pp. 151-159. Lancaster T. Muir J. Silagy C. 1994. The effects of coffee on serum lipids and blood pressure in a UK population. JRoy Soc Med 87:506-507. Lane JD, Adcock RA, Williams RB, Kuhn CM. 1990. Caffeine effects on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to acute psychosocial stress and their relationship to level of habitual caffeine consumption. Psychosom Med 52:320-336. Lane JD, Phillips-Bute BG, Pieper CF. 1998. Caffeine raises blood pressure at work. Psychosom Med 60:327-330. Langer DH, Sweeney KP, Bartenbach DP, Davis PM, Menander KB. 1986. Evidence of lack of abuse or dependence following pemoline treatment: Results of a retrospective survey. DrugAlcohol Depend 17:213-227. Laurent D, Schneider KE, Prusaczyk VVK, Franklin C, Vogel SM, Krssak M, Petersen KF, Goforth HW, Shulman GI. 2000. Effects of caffeine on muscle glycogen utilization and the neuroendocrine axis during exercise. J Clin Er~docrin Metab 85:217~2175. Lee EHY, Tsai MJ, Tang YP, Chai CY. 1987. Differential biochemical mechanisms mediate locomotor stimulation effects by caffeine and nicotine in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 26:427-430. Leviton A. 1993. Reproductive Hazards in Humans. In: Garattini S. ed. Caffeine, Coffee, and Health. New York: Raven Press. Pp. 343-358.
106 CAFFEINE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Leviton A. 1998. Caffeine consumption and the risk of reproductive hazards. J Reprod Med 33:175-178. Lewis CE, Caan B. Funkhouser E, Hilner JE, Bragg C, Dyer A, Raczynski JM, Savage PJ, Armstrong MA, Friedman GD. 1993. Inconsistent associations of caffeine- containing beverages with blood pressure and lipoproteins. Am J Epidemiol 138:502-507. Lieberman HR. 1992. Caffeine. In: Jones D, Smith A, eds. Factors Affecting Human Performance, Vol. II. London: Academic Press. Pp. 49-72. Lieberman H. 1999. Effect of Caffeine on Cognitive Function and Alertness. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Lieberman HR, Wurtman RJ, Emde GO, Roberts C, Coviella ILG. 1987. The effects of low doses of caffeine on human performance and mood. Psychopharmacology 92:308-312. Liguori A, Huges JR, Grass JA. 1997. Absorption and subjective effects of caffeine from coffee, cola, and capsules. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 58:721-726. Lin JS, Roussel B. Akaoka H. Fort P. Debilly G. Jouvet M. 1992. Role of catecholamines in the modafinil and amphetamine induced wakefulness, a comparative pharmacological study in the cat. Brain Res 591 :319-326. Lin JS, Hou Y. Jouvet M. 1996. Potential brain neuronal targets for amphetamine-, methylphenidate-, and modafinil-induced wakefulness, evidenced by c-fos immunocytochemistry in the cat. Proc Natl Acad Sci 93: 14128-14133. Linde L. 1995. Mental effects of caffeine in fatigued and non-fatigued female and male subjects. Ergonomics 38:860885. Lloyd T. Rollings N. Eggli DF, Kieselhorst K, Chinchilli VM. 1997. Dietary caffeine intake and bone status of postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 65: 182~1830. Lloyd T. Rollings NJ, Kieselhorst K, Eggli DF, Mauger E. 1998. Dietary caffeine intalce is not correlated with adolescent bone gain. JAm Coll Nutr 17:454 457. Lopes JM, Aubier M, Jardim J. Arnada VJ, Macklem PT. 1983. Effect of caffeine on skeletal muscle function before and after fatigue. JAppl Physiol 54: 1303-1305. Lopez F. Miller LG, Greenblatt DJ, Kaplan GB, Shader RI. 1989. Interaction of caffeine with the GABAA receptor complex: Alterations in receptor function but not ligand binding. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Ca~eine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. P. 80. Lorist MM, Snel J. 1997. Caffeine effects on perceptual and motor processes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 102:401~13. Lorist MM, Snel J. Kok A. 1994a. Influence of caffeine on information processing stages in well-rested and fatigued subjects. Psychopharmacology 113:411~21. Lorist MM, Snel J. Kok A, Mulder G. 1994b. Influence of caffeine on selective attention in well-rested and fatigued subjects. Psychophysiology 31 :525-534. Lovallo RL, Sung BH, Everson SA, Passey RB, Wilson MF. 1991. Hypertension risk and caffeine's effect on cardiovascular activity during mental stress in young men. Health Psychology 10:236-243. Lovallo WR, al'Absi M, Pincomb GA, Everson SA, Sung BH, Passey RB, Wilson MF. 1996. Caffeine and behavioral stress effects on blood pressure in borderline hypertensive Caucasian men. Health Psychol 15:11-17. MacDonald TM, Sharpe K, Fowler G. Lyons D, Freestone S. Lovell HG, Webster J. Petrie JC. 1991. Caffeine restriction: Effect on blood pressure. Br Med J 303: 1235- 1238.
REFERENCES 107 Massey LK, Hollingbery PW. 1988. Acute effects of dietary caffeine and aspirin on urinary mineral excretion in pre- and postmenopausal women. Nutr Res 8:845-851. Massey LK, Wise KJ. 1984. The effect of dietary caffeine on urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in healthy young females. Nutr Res 4:43-50. Massey LK, Bergman EA, Wise KJ, Sherrard DJ. 1989. Dietary caffeine lowers serum ultrafilterable calcium and raises bone alkaline phosphatase in older women consuming low dietary calcium. JBone Miner Res 4:245. Mathew RJ, Wilson WH. 1985. Caffeine consumption, withdrawal and cerebral blood flow. Headache 25:305-309. Mathew RJ, Barr DL, Weinman ML. 1983. Caffeine and cerebral blood flow. Br J Psychiatry 143:604-608. Mattila ME, Matilla MJ, Nuotto E. 1992. Caffeine moderately antagonizes the effects of triazolam and zopiclone on the psychomotor performance of healthy subjects. Pharmacol Toxicol 70:286-289. Mattila MJ, Palva E, Savolainen K. 1992. Caffeine antagonizes diazepam effects in man. Med. Biol 60:121-123. Maughan RJ, Leiper JB. 1994. Post-exercise rehydration in man: Effect of voluntary intake of four different beverages. Med. Sci Sports Exerc 25:S2. McClellan KL, Spencer CM. 1998. Modafinil: A review of its pharmacology and clinical efficacy in the management of narcolepsy. In: CNS Drugs (4~. Auckland, NZ: Adis International Limited. Pp. 31 1-324. McNaughton LR. 1986. The influence of caffeine ingestion on incremental treadmill running. Br J. Sports Med 20: 1 09-1 12. McPherson PS, Kim YK, Valdivia H. Knudson CM, Takekura H. Fanzini-Armstrong C, Coronado R. Campbell KP. 1991. The brain ryanodine receptor: A caffeine-sensitive calcium release channel. Neuron 71: 17-25. Mitchell PJ, Redman JR. 1992. Effects of caffeine, time of day and user history on study- related performance. Psychopharmacology 109:121-126. Moachon G. Kammacher I, Clenet M, Matinier D. 1996. Pharmacokinetic profile of modaf~nil. Drugs Today 32:327-337. Molina J. Orsinger K. 1990. Dopaminergic effects of pemoline. Brain Res 80:52-57. Murphy TL, McIvor G. Yap A, Cooksley WGE, Halliday JW, Powell LW. 1988. The effect of smoking on caffeine elimination: Implication for its use as a semiquantitative test of liver function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 15:9-13. Myers HF, Shapiro D, McClure F. Daims R. 1989. Impact of caffeine and psychological stress on blood pressure in black and white men. Health Psychol 8:597-612. Myers JP, Johnson DA, McVey DE. 1999. Caffeine and the modulation of brain function. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Pp. 17-30. Myers MG. In press. Cardiovascular effects of caffeine. In: Caffeine and Health. Washington, DC: ILSI North America. Myers MG, Basinski A. 1992. Coffee and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 152:1767-1772. Naismith DJ, Akinyanju PA, Szanto S. Yudkin J. 1970. The effect in volunteers of coffee and decaffeinated coffee on blood glucose, insulin, plasma lipids, and some factors involved with blood clotting. NutrMetab 12:144-151. Naitoh P. Kelly TL, Babkoff H. 1992. Napping, stimulant, ar~d four-choice performance. In: Broughton RJ, Oglivie RD, eds. Sleep, Arousal, and Pe7rformance. Boston: Birkhauser.
108 CAFFEINE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Nehlig A, Daval JL, Pereira de Vasconcelos A, Boyet S. 1987. Caffeine-diazepam interaction and local cerebral glucose utilization in the conscious rat. Brain Res 419:272-278. Nehlig A, Daval JL, Derby G. 1992. Caffeine and the central nervous system: Mechanisms and action, biochemical, and psychostimulant effects. Brain Res Rev 17:139-170. Neuhauser-Berthold M, Beine S. Verified SC, Luhrmann PM. 1997. Coffee consumption and total body water homeostasis as measured by fluid balance and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Ann Nutr Metab 41 :29-36. Newby BE, Neilson JM, Jarvie DR, Boon NA. 1996. Caffeine restricion has no role in the management of patients with symptomatic idiopathic ventricular premature beats. Heart 76:335-337. Newhouse PA, Belenky G. Thomas M, Thorne D, Sing HC, Fertig J. 1989. The effects of d-amphetamine on arousal, cognition, and mood after prolonged total sleep deprivation. Neuropsychopharmacology 2: 153-164. Nicholson AN, Pascoe PA. 1989. Dopaminergic transmission and the sleep-wakefulness continuum in man. Neuropharmacology 29:411-417. Nicholson AN, Turner C. 1998. Intensive and sustained air operations: Potential use of the stimulant, pemoline. JAviat Space Environ Med 69:647-655. Nicholson AN, Stone BM, Jones MM. 1980. Wakefulness and reduced rapid eye movement sleep: Studies with prolintane and pemoline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 10:465~72. Nicolaidis S. De Saint Hilaire Z. 1993. Nonamphetamine awakening agent modafinil induces feeding changes in the rat. Brain Res Bull 32:87-90. Nurminen ML, Niitynen L, Korpela R. Vapaatalo H. 1999. Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: A critical review. Eur J Clin Nutr 53:831-839. Nussberger J. Mooser V, Maridor G. Juillerat L, Waeber B. Brunner HR. 1990. Caffeine- induced diuresis and atrial natriuretic peptides. J Cardiovasc Phamacol 15 :635-691. Packard PT, Recker RR. 1996. Caffeine does not affect the rate of gain in spine bone in young women. Osteoporosis Int 6: 149-152. Parsons WD, Neims AH. 1978. Effect of smoking on caffeine clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 24:40~5. Pasman WJ, van Baak MA, Jeukendrup AK, de Haan A. 1995. The effect of different dosages of caffeine on endurance performance time. Int J. Sports Med 16:225-230. Patwardhan RV, Desmond PV, Johnson RF, Schenker S. 1980. Impaired elimination of caffeine by oral contraceptive steroid. JLab Clin Med 95:603-608. Penetar D. 1999. General Overview of Military Interest and Research on Role of Ca~eine in Physical and Cognitive Performance. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Penetar DM, McCann U. Thorne D, Kamimori G. Galinski C, Sing H. Thomas M, Belenky G. 1993. Caffeine reversal of sleep deprivation effects on alertness and mood. Psychopharmacology 112:359-365. Penetar DM, McCann U. Thorne D, Schelling A, Galinski C, Sing H. Thomas M, Belenky G. 1994. Effects of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and alertness in sleep-deprived humans. In: Institute of Medicine. Food Components to Enhance Performance. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Pp. 407-431. Perod AL, Roberts AK, McKinney WM. 2000. Caffeine can affect velocity in the middle cerebral artery during hyperventilation, hypoventilation, and thinking: A transcranial doppler study. JNeuroimaging 10:33-38.
REFERENCES 109 Persson CA, Karlsson JA, Erjefalt I. 1982. Differentiation among bronchodilation and universal adenosine antagonism among xanthine derivatives. Life Sci 30:2181-2189. Pierard C, Satabin P. Lagarde D, Barrere B. Guezennec CY, Menu JP, Peres M. 1995. Effects of vigilance-enhancing drug, modafinil, on rat brain metabolism: A 2D COSY ~H-NMR study. Brain Res 693:251-256. Pigeau R. Naitoh P. Buguet A, McCann C, Baranski J. Taylor M, Thompson M, Mack I. 1995. Modafinil, d-amphetamine and placebo during 64 hours of sustained mental work. I. Effects on mood, fatigue, cognitive performance and body temperature. J Sleep Res 4:212-228. Pincomb GA, Lovallo WR, Passey RB, Brackett DJ, Wilson ME. 1987. Caffeine enhances the physiological response to occupational stress in medical students. Health Psychol 6: 101 - 102. Pirich C, O' Grady J. Sinzinger H. 1993. Coffee, lipoproteins and cardiovascular disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr 105:3~. Pollard I, Murray JF, Hiller R. Scaram~i RJ, Wilson CA. 1999. Effects of preconceptual caffeine. JMatern Fetal Med 8:220-224. Pollock BG, Wylie M, Stack JA, Sorisio DA, Thompson DS, Kirshner MA, Folan MM, Condifer KA. 1999. Inhibition of caffeine metabolism by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. JClin Pharmacol 39:93~940. Polson JB, Krzanowski JJ, Szentvanyi A. 1985. Correlation between inhibition of a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase and relaxation of canine tracheal smooth muscle. Biochem Pharmacol 34:1875-1879. Porkka-Heiskanen T. 1999. Adenosine in sleep and wakefulness. Ann Med. 31:125-129. Porkka-Heiskanen T. Streeker RE, Thakkar M, Bjorkum AA, Greene RW, McCarley RW. 1997. Adenosine: A mediator of the sleep-inducing effects of prolonged wakefulness. Science 276: 1235-1268. Prusaczyk WK. 1999. Caffeine Research in the Navy. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Purves D, Sullivan FM. 1993. Reproductive effects of caffeine. In: Cerattini S. ed. Caffeine, Coffee, and Health. New York: Raven Press, Ltd. P. 317. Rees K, Allen D, Lader M. 1999. The influences of age and caffeine on psychomotor and cognitive function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 14592:191-188. Reeves RR, Strune FA, Patrick G. Bullen JA. 1995. Topographic quantitative EEG measures of alpha and theta power changes during caffeine withdrawal: Preliminary findings from normal subjects. ClinEncephalogr26:15~162. Reyner LA, Horne JA. 2000. Early morning driver sleepiness: Effectiveness of 200 mg caffeine. Psychophysiology 37:251-256. Robertson D, Wade D, Workman R. Woosley RL, Oates JA. 1981. Tolerance to humoral and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in man. J Clin Invest 67:1 1 11-1117. Rogers PJ, Dernoncourt C. 1998. Regular caffeine consumption: A balance of adverse and beneficial effects for mood and psychomotor performance. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 59:1039-1045. Rogers PJ, Richardson NJ, Dernoncourt C. 1995. Caffeine use: Is there a net benefit for mood and psychomotor performance? Neuropsychobiology 31:195-199. Rosenthal L, Roehrs T. Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos A, Plath D, Roth T. 1991. Alerting effects of caffeine after normal and restricted sleep. Neuropsychopharmacology 4: 103-108. Rossignol AM. 1985. Caffeine-containing beverages and premenstrual syndrome in young women. Am JPublic Health 75:1335-1337.
110 CAFFEINE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Sallee FR, Stiller RL, Perel JM. 1992. Pharmacodynamics of pemoline in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. JAm A cad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31:244 251. Sansone M, Battaglia M, Castellano C. 1994. Effect of caffeine and nicotine on avoidance learning in mice: Lack of interaction. JPharm Pharmacol 46:765-767. Santos IS, Victora CG, Huttly S. Carvalhal JB. 1998. Caffeine intake and low birth weight: A population-based case-control study. Am JEpidemiol 147:620-627. Sasaki H. Maeda J. Usui S. Ishiko T. 1987. Effect of sucrose and caffeine ingestion on performance of prolonged strenuous running. Int JSports Med 8:261-265. Schmitz W. von der Leyen H. Meyer W. Neumann J. Scholtz H. 1989. Phosphodiesterase inhibition and positive ionotrophic effects. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 14:511-514. Sedor FA, Schneider KA, Heyden S. 1991. Effect of coffee on cholesterol and apolipoproteins, corroborated by caffeine levels. Am JPrev Med 7:391-396. Senechal PK. 1988. Flight surgeon of combat operations at RAF Upper Heyford. Aviat Space Environ Med. 59:776-777. Sicard BA, Perault MC, Enslen M, Chauffard F. Vandel B. Tachon P. 1996. The effects of 600 mg of slow release caffeine on mood and alertness. Aviat Space Environ Med 67:859-862. Silverman K, Evans SM, Strain EC, Griffiths RR. 1992. Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption. NEngl JMed 327:1109-1114. Smith A, Rubin GH. 1999. Positive Effects of Caffeine or Negative Effects of Caffeine Withdrawal. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Smith S. 1999. Caffeine to Counteract Performance Deficits Due to Sleep Deprivatior`. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Spiegel R. 1979. Effects of amphetamines on performance, and on polygraphic sleep parameters in man. ~4dv Biosci 21: 189-201. Spielman WS, Arend LJ. 1991. Adenosine receptors and signaling in the kidney. Hypertension 17: 117-130. Spriet LL. 1995. Caffeine and performance. Int J. Sport Nutr 5: S84-S99. Spriet LL. 1999. Caffeine and Muscle Metabolism During Prolonged Exercise. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Spriet LL, MacLean DA, Dyck DJ, Hultman E, Cederblad G. Graham TE. 1992. Caffeine ingestion and muscle metabolism during prolonged exercise in humans. ~4m J Physiol 262:E891-E898. Stamler J. Caggiula AW, Grandits GA. 1997. Relation of body mass and alcohol, nutrient, fiber, and caffeine intakes to blood pressure in the special intervention and usual care groups in the Multiple Risk Intervention Trial. Am J Clin Nutr 65:338S- 365S. Stamph C. 1989. Ultrashort sleep/wake paherns and sustained performance. In: Dinges DF, Broughton RI, eds. Sleep and Alertness: Chronobiological, Behavioral and Medical Aspects of Napping. New York: Raven Press. Pp. 139-170. Stanton CK, Gray RH. 1995. Effects of caffeine consumption on delayed conception. Am JEpidemiol 142:1322-1329. Stavric B. 1988. Methylaxanthines: Toxicity to humans, 3. Theobromine, paraxanthine and the combined effects of methylxanthines. Food Chem Toxicol 26:725-733.
REFERENCES 111 Stivalet P. Esquivie D, Barraud P-A, Leifflen D, Raphel C. 1998. Effects of modaf~nil on attentional processes during 60 hours of sleep deprivation. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 13 :501-507. Streufert S. Satish U. Pogash R. Gingrich D, Landis R. Roache J. Severs W. 1997. Excess coffee consumption in simulated complex work settings: Detriment or facilitation of performance. JAppl Psych 82:774-782. Stickgold R. 1999. Eyelid Movement as a Physiological Predictor of Cognitive Impairment with Sleep Deprivation. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Sung BH, Lovallo WR, Whitsett T. Wilson MF. 1995. Caffeine elevates blood pressure response to exercise in mild hypertensive men. Am JHyperten 8:1184-1188. Tarnopolsky MA. 1994. Caffeine and endurance performance. Sports Med 18: 109-125. Tarnopolsky MA, Atkinson SA, MacDougall JD, Sale DO, Sutton JR. 1989. Physiological responses to caffeine during endurance running in habitual caffeine users. Med Sci Sports Exerc 21 :418-424. Tarnopolsky MA, Hicks A, Cupido C, McComas AJ. 1992. Caffeine and neuromuscular function in humans: No effects of tolerance. Physiologist 35:201. Tavani A, Negri E, La Vecchia C. 1995. Coffee intake and risk of hip fracture in women in northern Italy. Prev Med 24:396-400. Urgert R. Katan MB. 1997. The cholesterol-raising factor from coffee beans. Annu Rev Nutr 17:305-324. U.S. Air Force. 2001. Policy Letter on Implementation, Combat Air Force ~lircrew Fatigue Countermeasures. Commander, Air Force Medical Operations, Off~ce of the Surgeon General, Memorandum. June 26. Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, DC. U.S. Navy. 2000. Performance Maintenance During Continuous Flight Operations. A Guide for Flight Surgeons. Perfol~,ance Maintenance Manual, Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center. Pensacola, FL: Naval Operational Medicine Institute. van Soeren MH, Sathasivam P. Spriet LL, Graham TE. 1993. Caffeine metabolism and epinephrine responses during exercise in users and nonusers. JAppl Physiol 75:805- 812. Vermeulen NP, Teunissen MWE, Breimer DD. 1979. Pharmacokinetics of pemoline in plasma, saliva and urine following oral administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 8:459- 463. Walsh JK, Meuhlbach MJ, Humm TM, Dickens QS, Sugarman JL, Schweitzer PK. 1990. Effect of caffeine on physiological sleep tendency and ability to sustain wakefulness at night. Psychopharmacology 101 :271-273. Walsh JK, Meuhlbach MJ, Schweitzer PK. 1995. Hypnotics and caffeine as countermeasures for shift work-related sleepiness and sleep disturbance. J Sleep Res 4:S8~S83. Waluga M, Janusz M, Karpel E, Hartleb M, Nowalc A. 1998. Cardiovascular effects of ephedrine, caffeine and yohimbine measured by thoracic electrical bioimpedance in obese women. Clin Physiol 18:69-67. Warburton DM. 1995. Effects of caffeine on cognition and mood without caffeine abstinence. Psychopharmacology 119:66-70. Weber JG, Ereth MH, Danielson DR. 1993. Perioperative ingestion of caffeine and postoperative headache. Mayo Clin Proc 68:842-845. Wei M, Macera CA, Hornung CA, Blair SN. 1995. The impact of changes in coffee consumption on serum cholesterol. J Clin Epidemiol 48: 1189-1196.
112 CAFFEINrE FOR MENTAL TASK PERFORMANCE Weir RL, Hruska RE. 1983. Interaction between methylzanthines and the benzodiazepine receptor. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior: Current Views and Research Trends. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. P. 19. Wemple RD, Lamb DR, McKeever KH. 1997. Caffeine vs caffeine-free sports drinks: Effects on urine production at rest and during prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Med 1 8:40~6. White JM. 1988. Behavioral interactions between nicotine and caffeine. Pharmacol Behav 29:63~6. White JM. 1999. Behavioral effects of caffeine coadministered with nicotine, benzodiazepines, and alcohol. In: Gupta BS, Gupta U. eds. Caffeine and Behavior. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Pp. 75-86. Wiles ID, Bird SR, Hopkins J. Riley M. 1992. Effect of caffeinated coffee on running speed, respiratory factors, blood lactate and perceived exertion during 1500 m treadmill running. Br JSport Med 26:1 1~120. Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. 1996. Coffee consumption and cornonary hart disease in women. A ten-year follow-up. JAm Med. Assoc 275:458-462. Williams RD. 1999. Healthy pregnancy, healthy baby. Exercise, good food, and prenatal care are the keys. FDA Consumer 33:18-22. Wise KJ, Bergmon EA, Sherrad DJ, Massey LK. 1996. Interactions between dietary calcium and caffeine consumption on calcium metabolism in hypertensive humans. ~lm JHypertens 9:223-229. Wolfrom D, Welsh CW. 1990. Caffeine and the development of normal, benign and carcinomatous human breast tissues: A relationship? JMed 21:225-250. Woodward M, Tunstall-Pedoe H. 1999. Coffee and tea consumption in the Scottish Heart Health Study follow-up: Conflicting relations with coronary risk factors, coronary disease, and all cause mortality. JEpidemiol Community Health 53:481-487. Wyatt J. 1999. Circadian and Sleep Homeostatic Modulation of Sleep and Performance. Presented at the Institute of Medicine Workshop on Caffeine Formulations for Sustainment of Mental Task Performance During Military Operations, Washington, DC, February 2-3. Committee on Military Nutrition Research. Youngstedt SD, O'Connor PJ, Crabbe JB, Dishman RK. 1998. Acute exercise reduces caffeine-induced anxiogenesis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 30:740-745. Zahn TP, Rapoport J. 1987. Autonomic nervous system effects of acute doses of caffeine in caffeine users and abstainers. Ir~t JPsychophysiol 5:33~1. Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos A, Roehrs TA, Lipschietz L, Timms V, Roth T. 1990. Effects of caffeine on alertness. Psychopharmacology 100:3~39.
