National Academies Press: OpenBook

Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program (2002)

Chapter: Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
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A
Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria

ANTHROPOMETRIC

100

Low Weight for Height

101

Pre-pregnancy Underweight

102

Postpartum Underweight

103

Underweight or At Risk of Becoming Underweight (Infants and Children)*

110

High Weight for Height

111

Pre-pregnancy Overweight

112

Postpartum Overweight

113

Overweight (Children 2–5 years of Age)*

114

At Risk of Becoming Overweight (Infants and Children)*

120

Short Stature

121

Short Stature (infants, children)

130

Inappropriate Growth/Weight Gain Pattern

131

Low Maternal Weight Gain*

132

Maternal Weight Loss During Pregnancy

133

High Maternal Weight Gain*

134

Failure to Thrive

135

Inadequate Growth

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
×

140

Low Birth Weight/Premature Birth

141

Low Birth Weight

142

Prematurity

150

Other Anthropometric Risk

151

Small for Gestational Age

152

Low Head Circumference

153

Large for Gestational Age

BIOCHEMICAL

200

Hematocrit or Hemog1obin Below State Criteria

201

Low Hematocrit/Low Hemoglobin [formerly entitled Anemia]

210

Other Biochemical Test Results Which Indicate Nutritional Abnormality

211

Elevated Blood Lead Levels

CLINICAL/HEALTH/MEDICAL

300

Pregnancy-Induced Conditions

301

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

302

Gestational Diabetes

303

History of Gestational Diabetes

310

Delivery of Low-Birthright/Premature Infant

311

History of Preterm Delivery

312

History of Low Birthweight

320

Prior Stillbirth, Fetal, or Neonatal Death

321

History of Spontaneous Abortion, Fetal or Neonatal Loss

330

General Obstetrical Risks

331

Pregnancy at a Young Age

332

Closely Spaced Pregnancies

333

High Parity and Young Age

334

Lack of Adequate Prenatal Care

335

Multifetal Gestation

336

Fetal Growth Restriction

337

History of Birth of a Large for Gestational Age Infant

338

Pregnant Woman Currently Breastfeeding

339

History of Birth with Nutrition-Related Congenital or Birth Defect

340

Nutrition-Related Risk Conditions (e.g.. Chronic Disease, Genetic Disorder Infection)

341

Nutrient Deficiency Diseases

342

Gastro-Intestinal Disorders

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
×

343

Diabetes Mellitus

344

Thyroid Disorders

345

Hypertension (Includes Chronic and Pregnancy Induced)

346

Renal Disease

347

Cancer

348

Central Nervous System Disorders

349

Genetic and Congenital Disorders

350

Pyloric Stenosis

351

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

352

Infectious Diseases (Bronchiolitis added)

353

Food Allergies

354

Celiac Disease

355

Lactose Intolerance

356

Hypoglycemia

357

Drug-Nutrient Interactions

358

Eating Disorders

359

Recent Major Surgery, Trauma, Burns

360

Other Medical Conditions

361

Depression

362

Developmental, Sensory, or Motor Disabilities Interfering with the Ability to Eat

370

Substance Abuse (Drugs, Alcohol, Tobacco)

371

Maternal Smoking

372

Alcohol and Illegal Drug Use

380

Other Health Risks

381

Dental Problems

382

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

DIETARY

400

Inadequate/Inappropriate Nutrient Intake

401

Failure to Meet USDA/DHHS Dietary Guidelines for Americans

402

Vegan Diets

403

Highly Restrictive Diets

410

Other Dietary Risk

411

Inappropriate Infant Feeding

412

Early Introduction of Solid Foods

413

Feeding Cow’s Milk During First 12 Months

414

No Dependable Source of Iron for Infants at 6 Months of Age or Later

415

Improper Dilution of Formula

416

Feeding Other Foods Low in Essential Nutrients

417

Lack of Sanitation in Preparation/Handling of Nursing Bottles

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
×

418

Infrequent Breastfeeding as Sole Source of Nutrients

419

Inappropriate Use of Nursing Bottles

420

Excessive Caffeine Intake (Breastfeeding Women)

421

Pica

422

Inadequate Diet

423

Inappropriate or Excessive Intake of Dietary Supplements Including Vitamins, Minerals and Herbal Remedies

424

Inadequate Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation

425

Inappropriate Feeding Practices for Children

426

Inadequate Folic Acid Intake to Prevent NTD’s, Spina Bifida and Anencephaly

OTHER RISKS

500

Regression/Transfer/Presumptive Eligibility

501

Possibility of Regression

502

Transfer of Certification

503

Presumptive Eligibility for Pregnant Women

600

Breastfeeding Mother/Infant Dyad

601

Breastfeeding Mother of Infant at Nutritional Risk

602

Breastfeeding Complications (Women)

603

Breastfeeding Complications (Infants)

700

Infant of a WIC-Eligible Mother or Mother at Risk During Pregnancy

701

Infant Up to 6 Months Old of WIC Mother, or of a Woman Who Would Have Been Eligible During Pregnancy

702

Breastfeeding Infant of Woman at Nutritional Risk

703

Infant Born of Woman with Mental Retardation or Alcohol or Drug Abuse During Most Recent Pregnancy

800

Homelessness/Migrancy

801

Homelessness

802

Migrancy

900

Other Nutritional Risks

901

Recipient of Abuse

902

Woman, or Infant/Child of Primary Caregiver with Limited Ability to Make Feeding Decisions and/or Prepare Food

903

Foster Care

*  

Added/modified per RISC deliberations as of March 2001.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
×
Page 159
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
×
Page 160
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
×
Page 161
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A Allowed Nutrition Risk Criteria." Institute of Medicine. 2002. Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10342.
×
Page 162
Next: Appendix B Workshop Agenda and Presentations »
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Dietary Risk Assessment in the WIC Program reviews methods used to determine dietary risk based on failure to meet Dietary Guidelines for applicants to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Applicants to the WIC program must be at nutritional risk to be eligible for program benefits. Although “dietary risk” is only one of five nutrition risk categories, it is the category most commonly reported among WIC applicants.

This book documents that nearly all low-income women in the childbearing years and children 2 years and over are at risk because their diets fail to meet the recommended numbers of servings of the food guide pyramid. The committee recommends that all women and children (ages 2-4 years) who meet the eligibility requirements based on income, categorical and residency status also be presumed to meet the requirement of nutrition risk. By presuming that all who meet the categorical and income eligibility requirements are at dietary risk, WIC retains its potential for preventing and correcting nutrition-related problems while avoiding serious misclassification errors that could lead to denial of services for eligible individuals.

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