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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2002. Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10431.
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i Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy Interim Report Committee on the Review of National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy Board on Earth Sciences and Resources Division on Earth and Life Studies National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C.

ii NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose mem- bers are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Govern- ment. Supported by the U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, under assistance Award No. 01HQAG0193. International Standard Book Number (ISBN) 0-309-08489-X Additional copies of this report are available from: Board on Earth Sciences and Resources National Research Council 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 202–334–2744 http://www.nationalacademies.org/besr Copyright 2002 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.

iii The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A.Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I.Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. Wm. A.Wulf are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org

iv

v COMMITTEE ON THE REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL LANDSLIDE HAZARDS MITIGATION STRATEGY J.FREEMAN GILBERT, Chair, University of California, San Diego WILLIAM E.DIETRICH, University of California, Berkeley J.MICHAEL DUNCAN, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg PHILIP E.LAMOREAUX, P.E.LaMoreaux & Associates, Inc., Tuscaloosa, Alabama GEORGE G.MADER, Spangle Associates, Portola Valley, California WILLIAM F.MARCUSON III, W.F.Marcuson III & Associates, Inc., Vicksburg, Mississippi PETER J.MAY, University of Washington, Seattle NORBERT R.MORGENSTERN, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada JANE PREUSS, GeoEngineers Inc., Redmond, Washington A.KEITH TURNER, Colorado School of Mines, Golden T.LESLIE YOUD, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah National Research Council Staff DAVID A.FEARY, Study Director JENNIFER T.ESTEP, Administrative Associate SHANNON L.RUDDY, Sr. Project Assistant

vi BOARD ON EARTH SCIENCES AND RESOURCES RAYMOND JEANLOZ, Chair, University of California, Berkeley JILL BANFIELD, University of California, Berkeley STEVEN R.BOHLEN, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Washington, D.C. VICKI J.COWART, Colorado Geological Survey, Denver DAVID L.DILCHER, University of Florida, Gainesville ADAM M.DZIEWONSKI, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts WILLIAM L.GRAF, University of South Carolina, Columbia RHEA GRAHAM, New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, Albuquerque GEORGE M.HORNBERGER, University of Virginia, Charlottesville DIANNE R.NIELSON, Utah Department of Environmental Quality, Salt Lake City MARK SCHAEFER, NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia BILLIE L.TURNER II, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts THOMAS J.WILBANKS, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee National Research Council Staff ANTHONY R.DE SOUZA, Director TAMARA L.DICKINSON, Senior Program Officer DAVID A.FEARY, Senior Program Officer ANNE M.LINN, Senior Program Officer PAUL CUTLER, Program Officer KRISTEN L.KRAPF, Program Officer KERI H.MOORE, Program Officer LISA M.VANDEMARK, Program Officer YVONNE FORSBERGH, Research Assistant MONICA LIPSCOMB, Research Assistant EILEEN McTAGUE, Research Assistant VERNA J.BOWEN, Administrative Associate JENNIFER T.ESTEP, Administrative Associate RADHIKA CHARI, Senior Project Assistant KAREN IMHOF, Senior Project Assistant SHANNON L.RUDDY, Senior Project Assistant TERESIA K.WILMORE, Project Assistant WINFIELD SWANSON, Editor

PREFACE vii Preface Landslides are a component of those agents of nature that transport rock and soil from mountains or hillsides to streams, lakes and seas, where new sedimentary rocks begin to form. Therefore, as well as destructive forces that can be induced by human activity, landslides are part of the earth’s natural cyclic process of uplift, erosion, and sedimentation. With the growth of human population and the increasing habitation of ever-steeper slopes and higher altitudes, Man is both experiencing the effects of landslides and causing landslides with increasing frequency. These adverse effects include loss of life, injury, and damage to public and private works, as well as environmental damage. Accordingly, it is an opportune time to address the hazard posed by landslides, and to assess strategies to mitigate that hazard. The present report is an interim statement addressing the U.S. Geological Survey’s proposal for a national landslide hazards mitigation strategy. The scope of this interim report is constrained to assessing whether all the partners necessary for such a national strategy have been identified by the proposal—conclusions and recommendations to address the remainder of the statement of task will be presented in the committee’s final report (e.g., will include comments regarding effective partnership implementation; funding strategies required for an effective mitigation program; and the balance between different components of a national strategy). In addition, in this interim report the committee offers a number of comments intended as interim guidance for the U.S. Geological Survey as it continues to plan a national strategy. The committee is pleased to acknowledge the many members of the interested community who, at short notice, briefed the committee or provided other information and guidance (see Appendix A). As chair of the committee, I applaud the members of the committee for their hard work in a short time to prepare this interim report. J.Freeman Gilbert Chair

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS viii Acknowledgments This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Genevieve Atwood, Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Richard E.Goodman, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering (emeritus), University of California, Berkeley George Machan, Cornforth Consultants, Portland, OR George A.Thompson, Department of Geophysics (emeritus), Stanford University, CA. Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by William L.Fisher, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin. Appointed by the National Research Council, the coordinator was responsible for ensuring that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

CONTENTS ix Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 3 COMMENTARY ON CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL 7 LANDSLIDE HAZARDS MITIGATION STRATEGY SUMMARY OBSERVATIONS 11 APPENDIXES A Attendees and Presentations at Meetings 15 B Committee Biographies 21 C Acronyms 23

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Landslides are a component of those agents of nature that transport rock and soil from mountains or hillsides to streams, lakes and seas, where new sedimentary rocks begin to form. Therefore, as well as destructive forces that can be induced by human activity, landslides are part of the earth's natural cyclic process of uplift, erosion, and sedimentation.

With the growth of human population and the increasing habitation of ever-steeper slopes and higher altitudes, Man is both experiencing the effects of landslides and causing landslides with increasing frequency. These adverse effects include loss of life, injury, and damage to public and private works, as well as environmental damage. Accordingly, it is an opportune time to address the hazard posed by landslides, and to assess strategies to mitigate that hazard.

Assessment of Proposed Partnerships to Implement a National Landslide Hazards Mitigation Strategy: Interim Reports is an interim statement addressing the U.S. Geological Survey's proposal for a national landslide hazards mitigation strategy. The scope of this interim report is constrained to assessing whether all the partners necessary for such a national strategy have been identified by the proposal—conclusions and recommendations to address the remainder of the statement of task will be presented in the committee's final report (e.g., will include comments regarding effective partnership implementation; funding strategies required for an effective mitigation program; and the balance between different components of a national strategy). In addition, in this interim report the committee offers a number of comments intended as interim guidance for the U.S. Geological Survey as it continues to plan a national strategy.

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