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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
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D
Acronyms


AARSE

African Association for Remote Sensing of Environment

ACMAD

African Centre of Meteorological Forecasting

ACODE

Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment

ADDS

Africa Data Dissemination Service

ADG

Africover Database Gateway

AGRHYMET

Agriculture, Hydrology, Meteorology Center

AID

Africover Interactive Database

AIM

Africover Interpretation and Mapping System

ALC

African Learning Channel

ALIN

Arid Lands Information Network

ALIN-EA

Arid Lands Information Network-Eastern Africa

AMSR-E

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System

AOCRS

African Organization for Cartography and Remote Sensing

ASARECA

Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa

ASCN

African Sustainable Cities Network

ASI

Italian Spatial Agency

ATSRA

long Track Scanning Radiometer

AVHRR

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer


BADEA

Bank for Economic Development in Africa

BATS

Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme

BIFAD

Board for International Food and Agriculture Development

BRGM

Bureau of Geological and Mining Research


CABGLEN

Capacity Building for Geographic Information Production and Management for Sustainable Local Environment and Natural Resources Management

CAD

Computer Aided Design

CBNRM

Community Based Natural Resource Management

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

CEN

European Committee for Standardization

CEOS

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

CERPOD

Center of Applied Research in Population and Development

CGIAR

Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research

CIDA

Canadian International Development Agency

CIESIN

Center for International Earth Science Information Network

CILS

CEOS Information Locator System

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
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CILSS

Inter-State Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel

CIUEM

Information Science Center, Eduardo Mondlane University

CNRIT

Center for Natural Resource Information Technology

CODI

Committee On Development Information

CRSP

Collaborative Research Support Program

CRTEAN

Regional Center for Remote Sensing of North African States

CRTO

Regional Center of Toronto

CSE

Ecological Monitoring Center

CSIR

Council for Science and Industrial Research


DAAC

Distributed Active Archive Center

DANIDA

Danish National Aid Program

DBMS

Database Management Systems

DEM

Digital Elevation Model

DEVECOL

Development Ecology

DfID

Department for International Development

DHS

Demographic and Health Surveys

DIAPER

Permanent Diagnostic Project

DIGEST

Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standards

DISD

Development Information Services Division

DLR

The German Center for Air and Space Travel

DMC

Drought Monitoring Center

DMSP

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program

DOQQ

Digital Orthophoto Quarter Quad

DOT

Digital Opportunities Taskforce


ECA U.N.

Economic Commission for Africa

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States

EIS

Environment Information Systems

EOS

Earth Observing System

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

EROS

Earth Resources Observation Systems

ERTS

Earth Resources Technology Satellite (Later renamed Landsat)

ESMI

European Spatial Metadata Infrastructure

ESRI

Environmental Systems Research Institute

ETM+

Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus


FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FDI

Foreign Direct Investments

FEWS NET

Famine Early Warning System Network

FEWS

Famine Early Warning System

FGDC

Federal Geographic Data Committee

FIPS

Federal Information Processing Standards

FPAR

Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation

FSS

Federal School of Surveying

FTP

File Transfer Protocol


GAC

Global Area Coverage

GDTA

Aerospace Remote Sensing Development Group

GIS

Geographic Information System

GISciences

Geographic Information Sciences

GISD

Geographic Information for Sustainable Development

GOFC

Global Observations of Forest Cover

GOLD

Global Observations of Land Dynamics

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×

GPS

Global Positioning System

GPW

Gridded Population of the World

GRID

Global Resource Information Database

GSDI

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

GSI

Geographical Survey Institute

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communication

GTOS

Global Terrestrial Observing System

GTS

GNU Triangulated Surface

GTZ

German Agency for Technical Cooperation


HIPC

Highly indebted poor countries


ICA

International Cartographic Association

ICLARM

International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management

ICLEI

International Council for Local Environment Initiatives

ICT

Information and Communications Technology

IDRC

International Development Research Center

IFREMER

French Institute for Oceanic Research

IGAD

Intergovernmental Authority on Development

IGADD

Intergovernmental Authority on Drought and Development

IGBP

International Geosphere/Biosphere Programme

IGBP-DIS

International Geosphere/Biosphere Programme Data and Information System

IGN

National Geographic Institute

IHDP

International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change

ILRI

International Livestock Research Institute

IMS

Institute for Marine Sciences

INEGI

National Institute of Geographic and Information Science and Statistics

INRSH

Nigerian Institute of Social Science Research

INSAH

Institute of the Sahel

IRI

International Research Institute

ISO

International Standards Organization

ISS

International Space Station

IUCN

World Conservation Union


JPL

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

JRC

Joint Research Center

JSG

Joint Steering Group


KARI

Kenya Agricultural Research Institute

KEMFRI

Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute


LA21

Local Agenda 21

LAI

Leaf Area Index

LAN

Local Area Network

LCCS

Land Cover Classification System

LEWS

Livestock Early Warning System

LIDAR

Light Detection and Ranging

LQI

Land Quality Indicator

LTRS

Laboratory for Remote Terrestrial Sensing

LUCC

Land Use and Cover Change

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×

MARA

Mapping Malaria Risk in Africa

MIT-AITI

Massachusetts Institute of Technology-African Internet Technology Initiative

MODIS

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MSS

Multi-spectral Scanner


NAFGIM

National Framework for Geospatial Information Management

NAPA

National Academy of Public Administration

NARS

National Agricultural Research Centers

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASDA

National Space Development Agency (Japan)

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NAVSTAR

Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging

NDVI

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index

NEMC

National Environmental Management Council

NEPAD

New Partnership for Africa’s Development

NESDIS

National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service

NGDC

National Geophysical Data Center

NGO

Non-governmental Organization

NICI

National Information and Communication Infrastructure

NIIRS

National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale

NIMA

National Imagery and Mapping Agency

NIRS

Near Infrared Spectroscopy

NNF

Namibia Nature Foundation

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NPOESS

National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

NSDI

National Spatial Data Infrastructure

NSF

National Science Foundation

NSIF

National Spatial Information Framework

NUTBAL

Nutritional Balance Analysis Model


OAU

Organization for African Unity

ODA

Official Development Assistance

ODA

Overseas Development Aid

OGC

Open GIS Consortium

OLS

Operational Linescan System

ONC

Operational Navigation Chart

ORNL

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

OSS

Observatory of the Sahara and the Sahel


PNGIM

National Program for Environment Information Management

PLSS

Public Land Survey System

PMT

Photo Multiplier Tube

POES

Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite

PTO

Public Telecommunications Operator

PVO

Private Voluntary Organization


RCMRD

Regional Center of Mapping Resources for Development

RCSSM

Regional Center for Services in Surveying and Mapping

RCSSMRS

Regional Center for Services in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing

RECTAS

Regional Center for Training in Aerospace Surveys

REIMP

Regional Environmental Information Project

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×

RFE

Rainfall Estimate

RGB

Red, Green, Blue


SADC

Southern African Development Community

SADCC

Southern African Development Coordination Conference

SCAR

Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

SCT

Spatial Characterization Tool

SDI

Spatial Data Infrastructure

SDST

Spatial Data Transfer Standards

SiB

Simple Biosphere Model

SISEI

Environmental Information System on the Internet

SPOT

Système Pour l’Observation de la Terre

SPP

Single Point Positioning

SRTM

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

SSM/I

Special Sensor Microwave/Imager

SST

Sea-Surface Temperature

START

System for Analysis, Research, and Training

STI

Sexually Transmitted Infection

STWG

Science and Technical Working Group


TB

Tuberculosis

TCMP

Tanzania Coastal Mapping Partnership

TDMA

Time Division Multiple Access

TM

Thematic Mapper

TREES

Tropical Ecosystem Environment Observations by Satellite

TRMM

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission


UNDP

United Nations Development Program

UNECA

United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

UNECA-CODI

UNECA-Committee on Development Information

UNEP

United Nations Environment Program

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

UNFPA

United Nations Population Fund

UNICEF

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

UNITAR

United Nations Institute for Training and Research

UNL

University of Nebraska-Lincoln

URI

University of Rhode Island

USAID

United States Agency for International Development

USFS

United States Forest Service

USGS

United States Geological Survey

UTM

Universal Transverse Mercator


VSAT

Very Small Aperture Terminal


WCRP

World Climate Research Programme

WRI

World Resources Institute

WSSD

World Summit on Sustainable Development

WWF

World Wildlife Fund

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×
Page 148
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×
Page 149
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×
Page 150
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×
Page 151
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D: Acronyms." National Research Council. 2002. Down to Earth: Geographic Information for Sustainable Development in Africa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10455.
×
Page 152
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In 1992, world leaders adopted Agenda 21, the work program of the 1992 U.N. Conference on Environment and Development. This landmark event provided a political foundation and action items to facilitate the global transition toward sustainable development. The international community marked the tenth anniversary of this conference in Johannesburg, South Africa, in August 2002. Down to Earth, a component of the U.S. State Department's "Geographic Information for Sustainable Development" project for the World Summit, focuses on sub-Saharan Africa with examples drawn from case-study regions where the U.S. Agency for International Development and other agencies have broad experience. Although African countries are the geographic focus of the study, the report has broader applicability. Down to Earth summarizes the importance and applicability of geographic data for sustainable development and draws on experiences in African countries to examine how future sources and applications of geographic data could provide reliable support to decision-makers as they work towards sustainable development. The committee emphasizes the potential of new technologies, such as satellite remote-sensing systems and geographic information systems, that have revolutionized data collection and analysis over the last decade.

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