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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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ISC SECURITY
DESIGN CRITERIA
FOR NEW FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDINGS AND MAJOR MODERNIZATION PROJECTS

A REVIEW AND COMMENTARY

Committee to Review the Security Design Criteria of the Interagency Security Committee

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C. www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. 45640000 between the National Academy of Sciences and the General Services Administration and Contract No. SALMEC-01-M-0545 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of State. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-0888-01

Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Available from:

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

National Research Council

500 Fifth Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20001

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
×

COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE SECURITY DESIGN CRITERIA OF THE INTERAGENCY SECURITY COMMITTEE

STUART L. KNOOP, Chair,

Oudens and Knoop Architects PC, Chevy Chase, Maryland

ALFREDO H.-S. ANG,

University of California, Irvine

NIALL KELLY,

Langdon Wilson Architects, Los Angeles, California

BRIAN MEACHAM,

Ove Arup and Partners, Westborough, Massachusetts

RANDALL NASON, C.H.

Guernsey & Company, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

CHARLES OSWALD,

Wilfred Baker Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, Texas

THOMAS RUST,

Patton Harris Rust & Associates, PC, Chantilly, Virginia

KENNETH SCHOONOVER,

KMS Associates, Inc., Lansing, Illinois

ROBERT SMILOWITZ,

Weidlinger Associates, New York, New York

JAMES C. SNYDER,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

LEONARD C. ZIMMERMANN,

Flack & Kurtz, Inc., New York, New York

Staff

RICHARD G. LITTLE, Director,

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

JASON DREISBACH, Research Associate

DANA CAINES, Financial Associate

PAT WILLIAMS, Senior Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
×

BOARD ON INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE CONSTRUCTED ENVIRONMENT

PAUL GILBERT, Chair,

Parsons, Brinckerhoff, Quade, and Douglas, Seattle, Washington

MASSOUD AMIN,

Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California

RACHEL DAVIDSON,

Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

REGINALD DESROCHES,

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

DENNIS DUNNE,

California Department of General Services, Sacramento, California

PAUL FISETTE,

University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts

YACOV HAIMES,

University of Virginia, Charlottesville

HENRY HATCH,

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (retired), Oakton,Virginia

AMY HELLING,

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia

SUE McNEIL,

University of Illinois, Chicago

DEREK PARKER,

Anshen+Allen, San Francisco, California

DOUGLAS SARNO,

The Perspectives Group, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia

WILL SECRE,

Masterbuilders, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio

DAVID SKIVEN,

General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Michigan

MICHAEL STEGMAN,

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

DEAN STEPHAN,

Charles Pankow Builders (retired), Laguna Beach, California

ZOFIA ZAGER,

County of Fairfax, Fairfax, Virginia

CRAIG ZIMRING,

Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

Staff

RICHARD G. LITTLE, Director,

Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment

LYNDA L. STANLEY, Executive Director,

Federal Facilities Council

MICHAEL COHN, Program Officer

JASON DREISBACH, Research Associate

DANA CAINES, Financial Associate

PAT WILLIAMS, Senior Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
×

Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

John Crawford, Karagozian & Case

Kent Goering, Applied Research Associates

Eve Hinman, Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc.

Douglas Mitten, Project Management Services, Inc.

Harold O. Sprague, Jr., Black & Veatch Special Projects Corp.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Harold Forsen, National Academy of Engineering. Appointed by the National Research Council, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
×
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
×

List of Figures and Tables

FIGURES

2.1

 

Performance-based building code hierarchy,

 

11

2.2

 

Steps in a performance-based analysis and design process,

 

22

2.3

 

Iteration in the performance-based design process,

 

23

3.1

 

Pressure-time relationships after an explosion,

 

27

3.2

 

Effect of standoff distance on building protection requirements,

 

29

TABLES

2.1

 

Security Levels for Federal Facilities,

 

15

2.2

 

Damage to Be Expected Based on Protection Levels and Design Event Magnitudes,

 

20

3.1

 

Explosive Capacity of Typical Bomb Delivery Methods,

 

32

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2003. ISC Security Design Criteria for New Federal Office Buildings and Major Modernization Projects: A Review and Commentary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10678.
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In November 1999, GSA and the U.S. Department of State convened a symposium to discuss the apparently conflicting objectives of security from terrorist attack and the design of public buildings in an open society. The symposium sponsors rejected the notion of rigid, prescriptive design approaches. The symposium concluded with a challenge to the design and security professions to craft aesthetically appealing architectural solutions that achieve balanced, performance-based approaches to both openness and security.

In response to a request from the Office of the Chief Architect of the Public Buildings Service, the National Research Council (NRC) assembled a panel of independent experts, the Committee to Review the Security Design Criteria of the Interagency Security Committee. This committee was tasked to evaluate the ISC Security Design Criteria to determine whether particular provisions might be too prescriptive to allow a design professional "reasonable flexibility" in achieving desired security and physical protection objectives.

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