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Twenty-Fourth Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics Wave Hydrodynamics Bluff Body Hydrodynamics Nonlinear Motions and Loads Slamming, Green Water, and Capsizing Shallow Water Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamics of Fast Ships Wake Dynamics CFD Validation PropuIsor Hydrodynamics Cavitation and Bubbly Flows Frontier Experimental Techniques Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context Hycirodynamics in Ship Design .
Twenty-Fourth Symposium on NAVAL HYDRODYNAMICS Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics Wave Hydrodynamics Bluff Body Hydrodynamics Nonlinear Motions and Loads Slamming, Green Water, and Capsizing Shallow Water Hydrodynamics Hydrodynamics of Fast Ships Wake Dynamics CFD Validation PropuIsor Hydrodynamics Cavitation and Bubbly Flows Frontier Experimental Techniques Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context Hydrodynamics in Ship Design Sponsored Jointly by Of rice of Naval Research West Japan Society of Naval Architects Naval Studies Board NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this proceedings was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. A portion of the work done to prepare this document was performed under Department of the Navy Contract N000 14- 02-I-0563 issued by the Office of Naval Research under contract authority NR 201-124. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Department of the Navy or the government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. This work also relates to Department of the Navy Grant N00014-02-1-1007 issued by the Office of Naval Research International Field Office. The United States Government has at least a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license throughout the world for government purposes to publish, translate, reproduce, deliver, perform, and dispose of all or any of this work, and to authorize others so to do. Copies available from: Naval Studies Board National Academies 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Room WS904 Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285 Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu The proceedings are also available online at the National Academy Press's Web site at <http://www.nap.edu>. Copyright 2003 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medirine The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org
Attendees at the Twenty-Fourth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, Fukuoka, Japan, July 8-13, 2002.
Naval Studies Board Vincent Vitto, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Chair Joseph B. Reagan, Lockheed Martin (retired), Vice Chair Arthur B. Baggeroer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alan Berman, Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, Special Adviser James P. Brooks, Northrop Grumman Ship Systems John D. Christie, Logistics Management Institute Ruth A. David, Analytic Services, Inc. Paul K. Davis, RAND and RAND Graduate School of Policy Studies Antonio L. Elias, Orbital Sciences Corporation Brig "Chip" Elliott, BEN Technologies Frank A. Horrigan, Raytheon Systems Company (retired) John W. Hutchinson, Harvard University Richard J. Ivanetich, Institute for Defense Analyses Harry W. Jenkins, Jr., ITT Industries Miriam E. John, Sandia National Laboratories David V. Kalbaugh, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University Annette J. Krygiel, Integro L. David Montague, Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space Company (retired) William B. Morgan, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (retired) John H. Moxley III, Korn/Ferry International Robert B. Oakley, National Defense University Nils R. Sandell, Jr., ALPHATECH, Inc. James M. Sinnett, Boeing Company (retired) William D. Smith, USN (retired), Fayetteville, Pennsylvania Richard L. Wade, Risk Management Sciences Mitzi M. Wertheim, Center for Naval Analyses Cindy Williams, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Navy and Marine Corps Liaison Representatives RADM Lewis W. Crenshaw, Jr., USN, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (N8 1) RADM Jay M. Cohen, USN, Of rice of the Chief of Naval Operations (N9 1 ) LtGen Edward Hanlon, Jr., USMC, Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command Ronald D. Taylor, Director
Foreword The Twenty-Fourth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics was held in Fukuoka, Japan, from July 8-13, 2002. This international symposium was organized jointly by the Office of Naval Research (Mechanics and Energy Conversion S&T Division), the National Research Council (Naval Studies Board), and the West Japan Society of Naval Architects. This biennial symposium promotes the technical exchange of naval research developments of common interest to all the countries of the world. The forum encourages both formal and informal discussion of the presented papers, and the occasion provides an opportunity for direct communication between international peers. More than 140 participants from 16 countries attended the symposium. The attendees represented a mixture of experience and expertise, from students to established researchers of international renown. The breadth of the presentations also permitted the attendees to learn of the latest developments in fields of naval hydrodynamics outside those of their own expertise. Sixty-six papers were presented in 14 topical areas including viscous ship hydrodynamics; wave hydrodynamics; bluff body hydrodynamics; nonlinear motions and loads; slamming, green water, and capsizing; shallow water hydrodynamics; hydrodynamics of fast ships; wake dynamics; CFD validation; propulsor hydrodynamics; cavitation and bubbly flows; frontier experimental techniques; fluid dynamics in the naval context; and hydrodynamics in ship design. These topical areas were chosen for this meeting because of the recent advances made in them and their importance to the overall field of naval hydrodynamics. Significant advances presented in the papers included the continuing increases in resolution and comprehensiveness of fully viscous, and even time-dependent, RANS CFD computations; the incorporation of more physical realism in the important problem of computing the effects of water- on-deck; the understanding and modeling of the effects arising in the hydrodynamics of ships at high speeds; and the continuing improvements in instru- mentation and measurement techniques, especially for high-resolution measurements such as particle- image velocimetry. These examples illustrate the timeliness and quality of the work presented and its importance to the field of naval hydrodynamics. The symposium featured invited lectures each morning. These lectures were presented by Y. Kodama, E. Tuck, S. Cordier, and J. Katz and covered the topics of drag reduction, computational physics, high Reynolds number flow, and frontier experimental techniques. At mid-week, the Twenty- Third Georg Weinblum Lecture was presented by H. Miyata, who spoke on the topic "Toward Virtual Reality by Computational Physics." These presentations by prominent experts set the pace for the sessions that followed them. The success of this symposium is the result of hard work on the part of many people. There was, of course, the Organizing and Paper Selection Committee consisting of myself, Dr. R. Joslin, and Dr. K.-H. Kim (Office of Naval Research), Dr. R. Taylor (National Research Council), M. Ohkusu and K. Nakatake (Kyushu University), S. Cordier (Bassin d'Essais des Carenes), A. Reed (David Taylor Model Basin), R. Beck (Journal of Ship Research), and C. Lee (Pohang University of Science and Technology). The contribution of this committee was certainly the cornerstone for the success of the symposium. However, the administrative preparation and execution, and the production of these proceedings, would not have been possible without the support of Ms. Susan Campbell, Ms. Dixie Gordon, and the staff of the Naval Studies Board of the National Research Council. Special appreciation is also extended to Ms. Jennifer McDonald from my office for handling the abstract collection, numerous requests for information, and the compilation of the discussion sections. L. Patrick Purtell Office of Naval Research
Contents OPENING REMARKS Mayor Hirotaro Yamasaki, Fukuoka, Japan KEYNOTE SPEAKERS Microbubbles: Drag Reduction Mechanism and Applicability to Ships Y. Kodama, A. Kakugawa, T. Takahashi, S. Nagaya, and K. Sugiyama (National Maritime Research Institute, Japan) Wave Patterns and Minimum Wave Resistance for High-Speed Vessels E. Tuck, D. Scullen, and L. Lazauskas (The University of Adelaide, Australia) Prediction of High Reynolds Number Flow Around Naval Vessels P. Bull (QinetiQ, United Kingdom), J. Verkuyl (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands), D. Ranocchia, A. Di Mascio, and F. Di Felice (Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy), R. Dattola (Italian Navy, Italy), and L. Merle and S. Cordier (Bassin d'Essais des Carenes, France) Frontiers in Experimental Techniques J. Katz (Johns Hopkins University, USA) Toward Virtual Reality by Computational Physics H. Miyata (University of Tokyo, Japan) Viscous Ship Hydrodynamics WEINBLUM LECTURE TECHNICAL SESSIONS Study on the CFD Application for VLCC Hull-Form Design K.-S. Min. J. Choi, D. Yum, S. Shon, S. Chung, and D. Park (Hyundai Maritime Research Institute, Korea) Unsteady RANS Simulation of a Surface Combatant with Roll Motion R. Wilson and F. Stern (University of Iowa, USA) On the Role Played by Turbulence Closures in Hull Shape Optimization at Model and Full Scale R. Duvigneau, M. Visonneau, and G. Deng (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France) The Use of a RANS Code in the Design and Analysis of a Naval Combatant J. Gorski, H. Haussling, A. Percival, J. Shaughnessy, and G. Buley (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA) Efficient Methods to Compute Steady Ship Viscous Flow with Free Surface H. Raven and B. Starke (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands) Hydrofoil Near-Wake Structure and Dynamics at High Reynolds Number D. Bourgoyne, J. Hamel, C. Judge, S. Ceccio, and D. Dowling (University of Michigan, USA) and J. Cutbirth (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA)
Unstructured Nonlinear Free Surface Simulations for the Fully Appended DTMB Model 5415 Series Hull Including Rotating Propulsors C. Burg, K. Sreenivas, D. Hyams, and B. Mitchell (Mississippi State University, USA) Wave Hydrodynamics Bow Waves on a Free-Running, Heaving, and/or Pitching Destroyer H. Markle and T. Sarpkaya (Naval Postgraduate School, USA) Numerical Simulation of Two-Dimensional Breaking Waves Past a Submerged Hydrofoil R. Muscari and A. Di Mascio (Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy) Genesis of Design Wave Groups in Extreme Seas for the Evaluation of Wave/Structure Interaction G. Clauss (Technical University of Berlin, Germany) Direct Numerical Simulation of Surface Tension Dominated and Non-Dominated Breaking Waves A. Iafrati and E. Campana (Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy) Towards the Simulation of Seakeeping and Manoeuvering Based on the Computation of the Free Surface Viscous Ship Flow A. Cura Hochbaum and M. Vogt (Hamburg Ship Model Basin, Germany) A 2D+T VOF Fully Coupled Formulation for Calculation of Breaking Free Surface Flow Y. Andrillon and B. Alessandrini (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France) Breaking Waves Generated by a Fast Displacement Ship Model A. Olivieri, F. Pistani, A. Di Mascio, and R. Penna (Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy) Bluff Body Hydrodynamics An Experimental and Computational Study of Three-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Features Found Behind a Truncated Cylinder R. Pattenden, S. Turnock, and N. Bressloff (University of Southampton, United Kingdom) Nonlinear Motions and Loads A Finite Amplitude Steady Ship Motion Model R.-Q. Lin (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA) and W. Kuang (University of Maryland, USA) Whipping Loads Due to Aft Body Slamming G. Kapsenberg,~ A. van's Veer,~ J. Hackett,2 and M. Levadou~ (~Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands, 2Northrop Grumman Ship Systems, USA) A Nonlinear Stability Analysis of Tandem Offloading System D. Lee and H. Choi (Seoul National University, Korea) A Spectral-Shell Solution for Viscous Wave-Body Interactions R. Yeung and J. Hamilton (University of California at Berkeley, USA) Application of a 3-D Time Domain Panel Method to Ship Seakeeping Problems H. Yasukawa (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Japan)
Slamming, Green Water, and Capsizing Water Shipping on a Vessel in Head Waves M. Greco,~ O. Faltinsen,2 and M. Landrini~ (~Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway) Nonlinear Green Water Effects on Ship Motions and Structural Loads D. Liut, K. Weems, and W.-M. Lin (Science Applications International Corporation, USA) Shallow Water Hydrodynamics Complete Cancellation of Ship Waves in a Narrow Shallow Channel X.-N. Chen (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany), S. Sharma (Gerhard Mercator University, Germany), and N. Stuntz (VBD-European Development Centre for Inland and Coastal Navigation, Germany) Wash Waves Generated by Ships Moving on Fairways of Varying Topography T. Jiang and R. Henn (VBD-European Development Centre for Inland and Coastal Navigation, Germany) and S. Sharma (Gerhard Mercator University, Germany) Validation and Application of Chimera RUNS Methodfor Ship-Ship Interactions in Shallow Water and Restricted Waterway H.-C. Chen (Texas A&M University, USA), W.-M. Lin (Science Applications International Corporation, USA), and W.-Y. Hwang (U.S. Merchant Marine Academy, USA) Hydrodynamics of Fast Ships Development, Validation, and Application of a Time Domain Seakeeping Methodfor High-Speed Craft with a Ride Control System F. van Walree (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands) A Flow Modelfor a Displacement-Type Fast Ship with Shallow Draft in Regular Waves M. Kashiwagi (Kyushu University, Japan) Nonlinear Free-Surface Effects on the Resistance and Squat of High-Speed Vessels with a Transom Stern L. Doctors (University of New South Wales, Australia) and A. Day (Universities of Glasgow and Strathclyde, Scotland) Wake Dynamics Numerical Simulation of Wakes in a Weakly Stratified Fluid J. Rottman, D Dommermuth, G. Innis, and T. O'Shea (Science Applications International Corporation, USA) and E. Novikov (University of California at San Diego, USA) LES of Bubble Dynamics in Wake Flows I. Celik, A. Smirnov, and S. Shi (West Virginia University, USA) Propeller Inflow at Full Scale During a Manocuver G. Kuiper (Maritime Research Institute, The Netherlands), M. Grimm and B. McNeice (Royal Australian Navy, Australia), D. Noble (Defense Research and Development Center, Atlantic, Canada), and M. Krikke (Royal Netherlands Navy, The Netherlands)
CFD Validation An Evaluation of Verification Procedures for CFD Applications L. Epa (Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal) and M. Hoekstra (Marine Research Institute, The Netherlands) Calculations of Flows over Underwater Appended Bodies with High Resolution ENO Schemes Z.-Y. Huang, H.-R. Cheng, and L.-D Zhou (China Ship Scientific Research Center, China) Validation of Numerical Methodfor Predicting Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a High-Speed Ship H. Orihara (Hitachi Zosen Corporation, Japan) High-Incidence and Dynamic Pitch-Up Maneuvering Characteristics of a Prolate Spheroid-CFD Validation S.-E. Kim and S. Rhee (Fluent Inc., USA) and D. Cokljat (Fluent Europe Ltd., United Kingdom) Validation of Control-Surface Induced Submarine Maneuvering Simulations Using UNCLE R. Pankajakshan, M. Remotigue, L. Taylor, M. Jiang, W. Briley, and D. Whitfield (Mississippi State University, USA) Planing Hull Performance Evaluation Using a General Purpose CFD Code E. Thornhill, N. Bose, and B. Veitch (Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada) and P. Liu (National Research Council-Institute for Marine Dynamics, Canada) PIN Measurements of the Cross-Flow Wake of a Turning Submarine Model (ONR Body I j T. Fu, P. Atsavapranee, and D. Hess (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA) Validation of the Flow Around a Turning Submarine C.-H. Sung, M.-Y. Jiang, B. Rhee, S. Percival, P. Atsavapranee, and I.-Y. Koh (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA) Viscous Roll Predictions of a Circular Cylinder with Bilge Keels R. Miller, J. Gorski, and D. Fry (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA) Analysis of a Jet-Controlled High-Lift Hydrofoil with a Flap S. Rhee and S.-E. Kim (Fluent Inc., USA) and H. Ahn, J. Oh, and H. Kim (Seoul National University, Korea) Prediction of Slam Loads on Wedge Section Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Techniques D. Reddy (Universities of Strathclyde and Glasgow, United Kingdom), T. Scanlon (University of Glasgow, United Kingdom), and C. Kuo (Universities of Strathclyde and Glasgow, United Kingdom) Using Recursive Neural Networks for Blind Predictions of Submarine Maneuvers D. Hess (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA) and W. Faller (Applied Simulation Technologies, USA) Propulsor Hydrodynamics Scale Effects on Ducted Propellers M. Abdel-Maksoud and H.-J. Heinke (Potsdam Model Basin, Germany) Hull Vibration Excitation by Propeller Sources: A Link Between Hydrodynamics and Marine Acoustics R. Kinns (University of Newcastle, United Kingdom) and N. Peake and O. Spivack (University of Cambridge, United Kingdom) Experimental and CFD Analysis for Rotor-Stator Interaction of a Waterjet Pump H. Chun, W. Park, and J. Jun (Pusan National University, Korea)
Propeller Wake Analysis Behind a Ship by Stereo PI V G. Calcagno, F. Di Felice, M. Felli, and F. Pereira (Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy) Numerical Study on Propulsion by Undulating Motion in Laminar-Turbulent Flow Z. Chen and Y. Doi (Hiroshima University, Japan) A BEM Technique for the Modeling of Supercavitating and Surface-Piercing Propeller Flows Y. Young and S. Kinnas (University of Texas at Austin, USA) A New Propeller Design Methodfor the POD Propulsion System C.-Y. Hsin (National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan) and S.-K. Chou and W.-C. Chen (United Ship Design and Development Center, Taiwan) Cavitation and Bubbly Flows Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Cavitation Pattern on a Marine Propeller F. Pereira, F. Salvatore, and F. Di Felice (Istituto Nazionale per Studi ed Esperienze di Architettura Navale, Italy) and M. Elefante (Centro Esperienze Idrodinamiche delta Marina Militare, Italy) Prediction of Vortex Cavitation Inception Using Coupled Spherical and Non-Spherical Models and UnRANS Computations C.-T. Hsiao and G. Chahine (Dynaflow, Inc., USA) In~luence of Acoustic Interaction in Noise Generating Cavitation J. Hallander (SSPA Sweden AB, Sweden) and G. Bark (Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden) Frontier Experimental Techniques Phase-Averaged PI Vfor Surface Combatant in Regular Head Waves J. Longo, J. Shao, M. Irvine, and F. Stern (University of Iowa, USA) Phase-Averaged PTV Measurements of Propeller Wake S. Lee, B. Paik, and C. Lee (Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea) Quantitative Visualization (Q Viz) Hydrodynamic Measurement Technique of Multiphase Unsteady Surfaces D. Furey and T. Fu (Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock, USA) Fluid Dynamics in the Naval Context Computation of Viscous Flow Around Fast Ship Superstructures 0. E1 Moctar (Germanischer Lloyd, Germany) and V. Bertram (Hamburgische Shifibau-Versuchsanstalt, Germany) Tracking Vortices Over Large Distances Using Vorticity Confinement R. Lohner and C. Yang (George Mason University, USA) and R. Roger (Johns Hopkins University, USA) Hydrodynamics in Ship Design A Panel-Free Methodfor Time-Domain Analysis W. Qiu and H. Peng (Martec Ltd., Canada) and C. Hsiung (Dalhousie University, Canada)
Multi Objective Optimization of Ship Hull Form Design by Response Surface Methodology Y. Minami and M. Hinatsu (National Maritime Research Institute, Japan) Computational Design Optimization Using RANS J. Newman III, R. Pankajakshan, D. Whitfield, and L. Taylor (Mississippi State University, USA)
