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Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2003. Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10841.
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Acronyms


3TC

lamivudine

ACTG

AIDS Clinical Trials Group

AFP

Alpha-feto protein

AIDS

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

ANC

Antenatal care

APFD

Antepartum fetal death

ARI

Acute respiratory infection

ART

Antiretroviral therapy

AZT

zidovudine


BCG

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (to prevent tuberculosis)

BEOC

Basic essential obstetric care

BMI

Body mass index


CARE

Cooperative for Relief and Assistance Everywhere

CDC

Centers for Disease Control

CEOC

Comprehensive essential obstetric care

CFR

Case fatality rate

CI

Confidence interval

CM

Congenital malformations

CMV

Cytomegalovirus

CNS

Central nervous system

CPD

Cephalic-pelvic disproportion

CRS

Congenital rubella syndrome


DALY

Disability adjusted life years

DHS

Demographic health surveys

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2003. Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10841.
×

ECLAMC

Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congénitas (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations)

ECV

External cephalic version

EmOC

Emergency obstetric care

EOC

Essential obstetric care


GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GNP

Gross National Product


Hg

Hemoglobin

HiB

Hemophilus influenza Type B

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus


ICBDMS

International Clearing House for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems

ICD

International Classification of Diseases

IDD

Iodine-deficiency disorders

IDDM

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

IMCI

Integrated management of childhood illnesses

IMMAT

Deaths due to immaturity

IMMPACT

Initiative for maternal mortality programme assessment

IMPAC

Integrated management of pregnancy and childbirth

IMR

Infant mortality rate

INCLEN

International Clinical Epidemiology Network

IOM

Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academies

IPFD

Intrapartum fetal deaths

IU

International units

IUGR

Intrauterine growth restriction (formerly retardation)

IV

Intravenous


LBW

Low birth weight (less than 2.5 kilograms)


MCH

Maternal and child health

MMR

Maternal mortality rate


NGO

Nongovernmental organization

NIH

National Institutes of Health of the United States

NMR

Neonatal mortality rate

NTD

Neural tube defects

NVP

Nevirapine


PHC

Primary health care

PIH

Pregnancy-induced hypertension

PMR

Perinatal mortality rate

PPH

Postpartum hemorrhage

PTB

Preterm birth


RCT

Randomized, controlled trials

RTI

Reproductive tract infections


SGA

Small for gestational age

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2003. Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10841.
×

STD

Sexually transmitted disease

STI

Sexually transmitted infection


TB

Tuberculosis

TBA

Traditional birth attendant


UNFPA

United Nations Fund for Population Activities

UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Fund

USAID

United States Agency for International Development


VHW

Village health worker

VLB

Very low-birth-weight (less than 1,500 grams)


WHO

World Health Organization

Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2003. Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10841.
×
Page 334
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2003. Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10841.
×
Page 335
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2003. Improving Birth Outcomes: Meeting the Challenge in the Developing World. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10841.
×
Page 336
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Birth outcomes have improved dramatically worldwide in the past 40 years. Yet there is still a large gap between the outcomes in developing and developed countries. This book addresses the steps needed to reduce that gap. It reviews the available statistics of low birth weight, prematurity, and birth defects; reviews current knowledge and practices of a healthy pregnancy, identifies cost-effective opportunities for improving birth outcomes and supporting families with an infant handicapped by birth problems, and recommens priority research, capacity building, and institutional and global efforts to reduce adverse birth outcomes in developing countries. The committee has based its study on data and information from several developing countries, and provides recommendations that can assist the March of Dimes, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and NIH in tailoring their international program and forging new partnerships to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with adverse birth outcomes.

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