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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences. 2004. Evolution in Hawaii: A Supplement to 'Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science'. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10865.
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A

Adaptation, 3–4

Adaptive radiations, 14–24

defined, 16–17

and diversification of drosophilids, 14–19

and the silversword alliance, 22–23

Agricultural pests, 26

AIDS virus, 26

Alien species, threatening Hawaii’s native plants and animals, 25–26

Alliances, 20

Ancestors, species descended from common, 30

Antarctica, 10

Argyroxiphium sandwicense, 22–23

B

Baldwin, Bruce, 22

Banana poka vine, 25

Behavior, variations in, 3

Big Island, 1, 5, 7–9, 14, 17, 19–20, 32, 41

Biodiversity, 1

Biological classifications, 31

Biological evolution

importance in explaining critical problems, 26–27

studying in Hawaii, 1–4

C

Carr, Gerald, 22

Carson, Hampton, 19

Chromosomes

inversion in, 18–19, 32, 43–44, 46

polytene, 18, 31, 33, 43

Classification, biological, 31

Crickets, 20, 24

D

D. cilifera, 15

D. grimshawi, 15

D. hanaulae, 34, 38, 46

D. heteroneura, 34, 38, 41–42, 46

D. nigribasis, 18

D. oahuensis, 38

D. obscuripes, 38

D. planitibia, 15

D. primaeva, 34, 37, 46

D. setosimentum, 34, 37–38, 41

D. silvestris, 17, 37–38

D. substenoptera, 4, 34, 46

Darwin, Charles, 27

Data tables, 41

Dinosaurs, extinction of, 11

Diptera, 14

Diversification, 20

causes of, 30

of Hawaiian drosophilids, 14–19

DNA, 3, 15, 23, 27

Drosophila, 2, 14–19, 32, 42

Drosophilids

diversification of Hawaiian, 14–19, 42

evolutionary relationships among, 18–19

teaching exercise on, 29–47

Dubautia, 22

E

Earth, evolution of life on, 10–14

Ecosystem management techniques, 26

Elaboration activity for students, 30, 37–38, 47

Empirical evidence, testing explanations by using, 4–5

Endemic species, 1

Engagement activity for students, 29, 33

Environmental influences, 3

Eukaryotic cells, 11

Evaluation activity for students, 30, 39

Evolution

biological, 1–4

of life on earth, 10–14

Evolutionary history, of the silversword alliance, 22–23

Evolutionary relationships, among picture-winged drosophilids, 18–19

Evolutionary tree, 23, 45

Explanation activity for students, 30, 35–36

Explanations, testing by using empirical evidence, 4–5

Exploration activity for students, 29–30, 34

Extinction, 25–26

F

Fact, 4–5

Falsifiability, of a hypothesis, 5

Flies

abundance of in Hawaii, 2

See also individual species

Founder events, 19

H

Hard-shelled animals, 11

Hawaii

alien species in, 25–26

plants and animals of, 3–4, 25–26

science revealing origins of, 5–14

studying biological evolution in, 1–2

Hawaiian drosophilids, adaptive radiation and diversification of, 14–19

Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain, 6

Hawaiian legends, 12

Honeycreepers, 20, 24

Hot spot, 5–7, 8, 9, 10

Hypotheses, 4–5

I

International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), 39

Inversion mutations, in chromosomes, 18–19, 32, 43–44, 46

K

Kahoolawe, 8

Kauai, 7–9, 19, 35

Kilauea volcano, 14

Kure Atoll, 9–11

Kyhos, 22

L

Lanai, 8

Land-dwelling animals, 11

Life on earth, evolution of, 10–14

Loihi Seamount, 9

M

Maps, 6–10, 17, 19, 46

azimuthal equidistant projection, 2

Materials, 33–35, 37

Maui, 1,7–8,20

Maui Nui, 7–8

Molokai, 8

Morphology, variations in, 3

Multicellular organisms, 11

N

National Science Education Standards, aligning activities with, 30–31, 39

Natural selection, 30

Necker Island, 9, 13

O

Oahu, 8, 19, 36

Observation, 4

On the Origin of Species, 27

P

Pacific Plate, 13

Picture-winged drosophilids

evolutionary relationships among, 18–19, 31–32

teaching exercise on, 29–47

Plate tectonics, 10

and the ages of the Hawaiian islands, 12–13

Polynesians, 12, 25

Polytene chromosomes, 18, 43

R

Radioactive dating, 7–8, 10, 12–13, 46

Reptiles, 11

S

San Andreas Fault, 9

Scaptomyza, 2, 14, 16, 42

Science

producing verifiable explanations, 4–5

revealing origins of the Hawaiian islands, 5–10

Selection, natural, 30

Silversword alliance, evolutionary history of, 22–23

Species

descended from common ancestors, 30

evolving over time, 30

formation of new, 3–4

Student objectives, 33–35, 37

Student reading, 42–44

Student worksheet, 45–47

background, 45–46

elaboration, 47

main activity, 46–47

Suiko Seamount, 8–9

T

Tarweed, 20

Teaching exercise on picture-winged drosophilids, 29–47

background information, 31–32

data tables, 41

elaboration activity, 30, 37–38, 47

engagement activity, 29, 33

evaluation activity, 30, 39

explanation activity, 30, 35–36

exploration activity, 29–30, 34

rubric, 40

student reading, 42–44

student worksheet, 45–47

teacher’s manual, 29–40

Teaching strategies, 33–38

Termites, 25

Theory, 4–5

of evolution, 3, 5, 26

V

Variation, 3

Vascular plants, 11

Violets, 20

Volcanic rock, determining age of, 7–8

W

Wilkesia, 22

Wilson, J.Tuzo, 5–6, 9

Y

Yellowjackets, 25–26

Yellowstone National Park, 10

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences. 2004. Evolution in Hawaii: A Supplement to 'Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science'. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10865.
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As both individuals and societies, we are making decisions today that will have profound consequences for future generations. From preserving Earth's plants and animals to altering our use of fossil fuels, none of these decisions can be made wisely without a thorough understanding of life's history on our planet through biological evolution.

Companion to the best selling title Teaching About Evolution and the Nature of Science, Evolution in Hawaii examines evolution and the nature of science by looking at a specific part of the world. Tracing the evolutionary pathways in Hawaii, we are able to draw powerful conclusions about evolution's occurrence, mechanisms, and courses. This practical book has been specifically designed to give teachers and their students an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of evolution using exercises with real genetic data to explore and investigate speciation and the probable order in which speciation occurred based on the ages of the Hawaiian Islands. By focusing on one set of islands, this book illuminates the general principles of evolutionary biology and demonstrate how ongoing research will continue to expand our knowledge of the natural world.

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