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A Patent System for the 21st Century (2004)

Chapter: Acronyms

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Page 138 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2004. A Patent System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10976.
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Acronyms


ABA

American Bar Association

AIPA

American Inventors’ Protection Act of 1999

AIPLA

American Intellectual Property Law Association

APJ

Administrative Patent Judge


BPAI

Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences


CCPA

Court of Customs and Patent Appeals

CMS

Carnegie Mellon Survey


DMCA

Digital Millennium Copyright Act


EPC

European Patent Convention

EPO

European Patent Office

EST

Expressed Tag Sequence


FOA

First Office Action

FTC

Federal Trade Commission

FY

Fiscal Year


GAO

Government Accounting Office

GATT

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade


IG

Inspector General

IP

Intellectual Property

Page 139 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2004. A Patent System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10976.
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IPO

Intellectual Property Owners Association

IPR

Intellectual Property Right

IT

Information Technology


JPO

Japanese Patent Office


MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding

MPEG

Moving Picture Experts Group

MPEP

Manual of Patent Examining Procedure


NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NIH

National Institutes of Health

NRC

National Research Council


OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development


PCT

Patent Cooperation Treaty


R&D

Research and Development

RCE

Request for Continued Examination


STEP

Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy


TRIPS

Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement


USPTO

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office


WARF

Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organization

WTO

World Trade Organization

Page 138 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2004. A Patent System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10976.
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Page 138
Page 139 Cite
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Research Council. 2004. A Patent System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/10976.
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A Patent System for the 21st Century
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The U.S. patent system is in an accelerating race with human ingenuity and investments in innovation. In many respects the system has responded with admirable flexibility, but the strain of continual technological change and the greater importance ascribed to patents in a knowledge economy are exposing weaknesses including questionable patent quality, rising transaction costs, impediments to the dissemination of information through patents, and international inconsistencies. A panel including a mix of legal expertise, economists, technologists, and university and corporate officials recommends significant changes in the way the patent system operates.

A Patent System for the 21st Century urges creation of a mechanism for post-grant challenges to newly issued patents, reinvigoration of the non-obviousness standard to quality for a patent, strengthening of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, simplified and less costly litigation, harmonization of the U.S., European, and Japanese examination process, and protection of some research from patent infringement liability.

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