National Academies Press: OpenBook
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Suggested Citation:"Report Contents." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 1991. In Pursuit of Speed: New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport: New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport -- Special Report 233. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11408.
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Suggested Citation:"Report Contents." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 1991. In Pursuit of Speed: New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport: New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport -- Special Report 233. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11408.
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Suggested Citation:"Report Contents." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 1991. In Pursuit of Speed: New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport: New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport -- Special Report 233. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11408.
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Page 3

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Special Report 233 8 c.~ In Pursuit of Speed New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport · Transportation Research Board National Research Council Washington, D.C. 1991

Transportation Research Board Special Report 233 Subscriber Categories IA planning and administration VII rail Transportation Research Boa rd publication arc available by ordering directly from TRB. They may also be obtained on a regular hasis through organizational or individual ~ffi l­ iation with TRB · affilia te or library ubscribers arc eligible for substantfa l di~counts . For funher i11format ion , write to che Transportation Re earch Board , National Research ouncil , 2101 Constitution Avenue , N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20418. Printed in the United States of America NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the ational Academy of Engin.:ering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report we.-c ch en for their pecial competenci~ and with regard for appropriate balance. T hi report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedure apl)rOvcJ by " Report Review ommittcc consist ing of the members of the National Academy of cicnccs. the National Academy f Engineering, and the lnslitutc of M ·dicine. This report was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Transportation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Rcsea.rch Board. In pursuit o( speed: new options for intercity.passenger transport. p. cm.-( pecial report ; 233) ISBN 0-309-05122-3 l. High speed ground lransponation. I. Title. II. Series: Special report (National Research Council (U.S.) . Transportation Research Board) ; 233. TF1450.N38 1991 ISSN 0360-859X 388-dc2U 91-39185 CIP Cover design : Diane L. Ross

Committee for the Study of High-Speed Surface Transportation in the United States Chairman, LAWRENCE DAHMS, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, Oakland, California DANIEL BRAND, Charles River Associates Inc., Boston, Massachusetts MATTHEW A. COOGAN, Rackemann Environmental Services, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts ROBERTS. DESANTO, DeLeuw Cather and Company, East Hartford, Connecticut ANTHONY R. EASTHAM, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada HORACE B. EDWARDS, Consultant, Topeka, Kansas MARC FASTEAU, Dillon Read & Company Inc., New York, New York MICHAEL G. FERRERI, Booz, Allen & Hamilton, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania JosE A. GOMEZ-IBANEZ, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts DAVID L. GREENE, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee DAVID G. HAMMOND, Consultant, La Canada, California WILLIAM J. HARRIS, JR., Texas A&M University, College Station LEER. How ARD, Airline Economics, Inc., Washington, D.C. FRANKS. KOPPELMAN, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois PATRICIA V. McLAUGHLIN, Los Angeles County Transportation Commission, Los Angeles MICHAEL D. MEYER, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta RICHARD A. MUSGRAVE, University of California, Santa Cruz CHARLES H. SMITH, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee ELYSE G. WANDER, National Railroad Passenger Corporation, Washington, D.C. Liaison Representative EDWARD WEINER, U.S. Department of Transportation Transportation Research Board Staff ROBERT E. SKINNER, JR., Director for Special Projects WALTER DIEWALD, Project Director NAN HUMPHREY, Senior Program Officer JOSEPH MORRIS, Senior Program Officer NANCY A. ACKERMAN, Director of Publications NAOMI KASSABIAN, Senior Editor Consultants CHRISTOPHER BooN, Canadian Institute for Guided Ground Transport SOPHIE KoRCZYK, Analytic Services JOHN HARRISON, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade and Douglas, Inc. JOSEPH STOWERS, SYDEC, Inc.

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TRB Special Report 233 - In Pursuit of Speed: New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport assesses the applicability of high-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies to meet the demand for passenger transportation service in high-density travel markets and corridors in the United States.

In certain corridors, high-speed rail could offer a means of reducing congestion at airports and on major intercity highways while serving the travel needs of a substantial number of intercity passengers. Technologies in use in Europe and Japan have already resulted in highly successful systems operating at average speeds of 125–185 mph with enviable safety records. Congress has provided limited funding for research and planning toward the deployment of magnetic levitation (maglev) technology in both the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century. Though still in an experimental phase, maglev trains have demonstrated speeds of 300 mph.

The committee that examined new options for high-speed rail noted a striking and important contrast between intercity train travel in Europe and Japan and the United States. Both Europe and Japan had substantial intercity rail markets before evolving to high-speed technologies; comparable service offered by Amtrak occurs in few corridors. Trains in Europe and Japan also connect directly to extensive networks of intracity transit service, whereas Amtrak passengers enjoy such interconnections in only a few cities. The committee found that high-speed train service competes most effectively with automobile and air travel in major city-pair markets of roughly 150 to 300 miles. Many such city pairs exist in Europe and Japan, which are more densely populated and cover smaller geographic areas than is the case with the United States. Rail can connect the major cities of France relatively easily, for example, but could scarcely compete with air transport between New York and Atlanta or Chicago and Los Angeles. Moreover, whereas the French and the Japanese have long histories of strong institutional commitment to and government support for passenger rail development, U.S. support for such service has been modest and wavering.

The committee that produced this report concluded that high-speed rail service is costly and that passenger revenues would be unlikely to cover its capital and operating costs in the United States. Public subsidies might be justified in some corridors because rail could divert enough passengers from crowded airports and highways, resulting in less adverse environmental impact and lower energy consumption per passenger mile. High-speed rail is relatively noisy, however, and requires long, straight alignments to achieve its high speeds; such corridors could traverse residential areas and sensitive wetlands and lead to fragmented habitats. Moreover, whether high-speed rail corridors would be any easier to build than other major transportation infrastructure is an open question.

The report recommends that USDOT develop the capacity to analyze investments in intercity travel modes and help fund the most cost-effective strategies (accounting for environmental and other “external” costs), regardless of mode. Aside from the special provisions made by Congress for Amtrak, however, the United States lacks an institutional mechanism to subsidize high-speed rail. Highway and aviation users are taxed to form trust funds for infrastructure improvements for these modes, but the trust funds cannot be used to subsidize rail service, even in situations where such funding may be warranted. The committee also found that conventional high-speed technologies pose much less technical risk and would cost less than proposed maglev systems, which require additional research and experimentation.

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