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Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy (2007)

Chapter: Appendix G: Unit Conversion Factorsand Energy Ratings

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Unit Conversion Factorsand Energy Ratings." National Research Council. 2007. Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11977.
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Appendix G
Unit Conversion Factors and Energy Ratings

CONVERSION FACTORS

1 Btu [British thermal unit] = 1.055 kJ [kilojoules] = 252 cal [calories]

1 cal = 0.003967 Btu = 4.184 J

1 quad [quadrillion Btu] = 1015 Btu

1 Btu/lb = 0.556 kcal/kg

ENERGY RATINGS

1 tce [tonne of coal equivalent] = 29.308 GJ = 27.778 million Btu

1 toe [tonne of oil equivalent] = 41.868 GJ = 39.683 million Btu

“Coal equivalent” coal = 7,000 kcal/kg

High-rank coal = 7,000 kcal/kg

Low-rank coal = 3,500 kcal/kg

Lignite = 2,700 kcal/kg

1 ton lignite = 0.3 to 0.63 tce (average 0.38)

1 ton subbituminous = 0.78 tce

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Unit Conversion Factorsand Energy Ratings." National Research Council. 2007. Coal: Research and Development to Support National Energy Policy. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/11977.
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Coal will continue to provide a major portion of energy requirements in the United States for at least the next several decades. It is imperative that accurate information describing the amount, location, and quality of the coal resources and reserves be available to fulfill energy needs. It is also important that the United States extract its coal resources efficiently, safely, and in an environmentally responsible manner. A renewed focus on federal support for coal-related research, coordinated across agencies and with the active participation of the states and industrial sector, is a critical element for each of these requirements.

Coal focuses on the research and development needs and priorities in the areas of coal resource and reserve assessments, coal mining and processing, transportation of coal and coal products, and coal utilization.

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