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Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems: Abbreviated Version (2008)

Chapter: Appendix D Summary of Committee Meetings

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Summary of Committee Meetings." National Research Council. 2008. Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems: Abbreviated Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12058.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Summary of Committee Meetings." National Research Council. 2008. Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems: Abbreviated Version. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12058.
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Page 24

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Appendix D Summary of Committee Meetings The Committee on Test and Evaluation of Biological Standoff Detection Systems first convened in January 2007 and held additional meetings over a period of 5 months. During these meetings, the committee received briefings from government officials, academics, and outside experts on current and potential biological standoff detection systems, how such systems can be evaluated, and test agents. The committee also toured the Dugway Proving Ground in Dugway, Utah. January 16-17, 2007, in Washington, D.C. Briefings received from the following. Product Director – Test Equipment, Strategy and Support (PD TESS): briefings on the purpose of the study and charge to committee members and PD TESS’ perspective of future directions and key limitations; West Desert Test Center, Dugway Proving Ground: current biological standoff detection capabilities and requirements; Joint Biological Standoff Detection System (JBSDS) Team: current biological standoff detection testing systems. March 1-2, 2007, in Washington, D.C. Briefings received from the following. Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory: briefing on technical evaluation of biological standoff detection systems; Army Test and Evaluation Command: the Army and Air Force perspective on operational evaluation of biological standoff detection systems; Institute for Defense Analyses: briefing on the Office of the Secretary of Defense perspective on test and evaluation of biological standoff detection systems; Joint Program Manager – Biological Detection Systems: overview of JBSDS Increment 1; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency: briefing on femtosecond adaptive spectroscopy techniques for remote agent detection; National Center for Atmospheric Research: provided the description of Raman-shifted Eye-safe Aerosol Lidar (REAL) plume algorithms; Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory: briefing on the standoff aerosol active signature testbed. March 20-21, 2007, at the Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, Utah. Committee members were given a tour of the Joint Ambient Breeze Tunnel, the Active Standoff Chamber, the Containment Agent Chamber, and an overview of laboratory and range operations. The committee also received a briefing on regulatory and treaty issues. April 24-25, 2007, in Washington, D.C. Briefings received from the following. Center for Disease Control: briefing on biosafety levels and Biosafety and Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories guidance; Pentagon Force Protection Agency: alternative test and evaluation approach; Sandia National Laboratories: briefing on agent-simulant cross section measurements; Dugway Proving Ground: information on agent and simulant preparation. May 22-23, 2007, in Washington, D.C. Committee deliberations and report drafting. 23

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A biological warfare agent (BWA) is a microorganism, or a toxin derived from a living organism, that causes disease in humans, plants, or animals or that causes the deterioration of material. The effectiveness of a BWA is greatly reduced if the attack is detected in time for the target population to take appropriate defensive measures. Therefore, the ability to detect a BWA, in particular to detect it before the target population is exposed, will be a valuable asset to defense against biological attacks. The ideal detection system will have quick response and be able to detect a threat plume at a distance from the target population. The development of reliable biological standoff detection systems, therefore, is a key goal.

However, testing biological standoff detection systems is difficult because open-air field tests with BWAs are not permitted under international conventions and because the wide variety of environments in which detectors might be used may affect their performance. This book explores the question of how to determine whether or not a biological standoff detection system fulfills its mission reliably if we cannot conduct open-air field tests with live BWAs.

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