State Voter Registration Databases: Immediate Actions and Future Improvements: Interim Report (2008)

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F Biographical Information COMMITTEE MEMBERS Frances Ulmer, Co-chair, is the interim chancellor of the University of Alaska, Anchorage, bringing to this position 30 years of experience in public policy in Alaska. Previously, she was a fellow at the Institute of Politics at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government and a Distinguished Visiting Professor of Public Policy at the Institute of Social and Economic Research. In the early 1980s, she was the mayor of Juneau, then became a member of the Alaska House of Representatives (1986-1994), and in 1994 became the first female lieutenant governor of Alaska. In that year, she was appointed to the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission by President Bill Clinton and served on this international board for 11 years. She has participated in numerous panels, task forces, commissions, and forums as a speaker, moderator, and panelist to address the intersection of science, economics, politics, and policy. She currently serves on the Board of Trustees of the National Parks Conservation Association, the Advisory Board of the Union of Concerned Scientists, and the Alaska Nature Conservancy Board. At the national level, Ms. Ulmer has served as a member of the above-mentioned North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, the Federal Communications Commission’s State and Local Advisory Committee, and the Federal Elections Commissions Committee. She has a B.A. in political science and economics and a law degree from the University of Wisconsin. Olene Walker, Co-chair, was the first woman governor of the state of Utah. Before being appointed as governor, she served as the first woman lieutenant governor of Utah. During her time in office, Dr. Walker spearheaded many important initiatives, including education programs, budget security measures, health care reform, and workforce development. She also worked to implement the federal “motor voter” legislation in Utah and oversaw the plan to bring Utah into compliance with the Help America Vote Act (HAVA). She has chaired the National Conference of Lieutenant Governors and is a past president of the National Association of Secretaries of State. She was the first lieutenant governor ever to serve as the president of that organization. Dr. Walker received her bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees from Brigham Young University, Stanford University, and the University of Utah, respectively. Rakesh Agrawal, NAE, is a Microsoft Technical Fellow at the newly founded Search Labs. His areas of expertise are in developing fundamental data mining concepts and technologies and pioneering key concepts in data privacy, including Hippocratic Database, Sovereign Information Sharing, and Privacy- Preserving Data Mining. He is the recipient of the ACM-SIGKDD First Innovation Award, ACM- SIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations Award, ACM-SIGMOD Test of Time Award, VLDB 10-Year Most Influential Paper Award, and the Computerworld First Horizon Award. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, and a fellow of IEEE. Scientific American named him to the list of 50 top scientists and technologists in 2003. Prior to joining Microsoft in March 2006, Dr. Agrawal was an IBM fellow and led the Quest group at the IBM Almaden Research Center. Earlier, he was with the Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, from 1983 to 1989. He also worked for 3 years at India’s premier company, the Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. He received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in computer science from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1983. He also holds a 58 

APPENDIX F 59 B.E. degree in electronics and communication engineering from IIT-Roorkee, as well as a 2-year postgraduate diploma in industrial engineering from the National Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Bombay. R. Michael Alvarez is a professor of political science at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech). His research interests have been in the areas of elections and electoral behavior, survey methodology, statistics and political methodology, and more recently, election administration. Professor Alvarez is currently the co-director of the Caltech/MIT Voting Technology Project and recently co- authored a book published by the Brookings Institution Press, Point, Click and Vote: The Future of Internet Voting. Professor Alvarez received his Ph.D. and M.A. degrees in political science from Duke University and his B.A., magna cum laude, in political science from Carleton College. Charlotte Cleary, retired, was general registrar of Arlington for 19 years. As such, she was responsible for planning, organizing, and directing voter registration and elections. After she retired, she continued working in the election field on a temporary basis. She has served as a member of the writing and research team for the Poll Worker Institute grant on poll worker recruitment, training, and retention, for the Election Assistance Commission. In 2004 she served on the Virginia State Board of elections evaluation committee to review requests for proposals for the new statewide election system. She was a certified professional general registrar in Virginia under the Weldon Cooper Center from 1994 through 2000. She has been a member of the Federal Election Commission Advisory Panel from 1998 through 2003, the Election Center from 1990 through 2003, and the Constitution Project Forum on Election Reform from 2001 to 2003. She received a B.A. in English from American University, in Washington, D.C. Gary W. Cox, NAS, is a professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego. In addition to numerous articles in the areas of legislative and electoral politics, Professor Cox is author of The Efficient Secret (winner of the Samuel H. Beer dissertation prize in 1983 and of the 2003 George H. Hallett Award), coauthor of Legislative Leviathan (winner of the Richard F. Fenno Prize in 1993), author of Making Votes Count (winner of the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Award, the Luebbert Prize, and the Best Book in Political Economy Award in 1998); and coauthor of Elbridge Gerry’s Salamander: The Electoral Consequences of the Reapportionment Revolution. His latest book, Setting the Agenda, was published in 2005. A former Guggenheim Fellow, Professor Cox was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1996 and to the National Academy of Sciences in 2005. He received a Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology in 1983. Paula Hawthorn, retired, serves as a consultant and continues her involvement with the University of California, Berkeley. She received her Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from the University of California in 1979. Her thesis topic was on the performance of database systems. She has spent much of her career as a manager of database development, including vice-president of Software Development for start-ups such as Britton Lee and Illustra, and both management and individual contributor positions at Hewlett-Packard (working on database performance issues) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Sarah Ball Johnson currently serves as the executive director of the Commonwealth of Kentucky’s State Board of Elections. She has 12 years of experience in election administration on the state level. She has a bachelor of arts degree in business administration from Transylvania University and a master of public administration degree, specializing in state and local government, from the University of Kentucky. She participated in four international election observation trips, to Slovakia, Kosovo, Macedonia, and Nigeria. A member of the National Association of State Election Directors, she serves as the southern region representative on the board of the association and also serves on the Election Assistance Commission 

60 STATE VOTER REGISTRATION DATABASES: IMMEDIATE ACTIONS AND FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS Standards Board. She was elected by her peers to the Executive Committee of the Standards Board and serves as chair of that committee. She is a member of the Election Center. Jeff Jonas is a distinguished engineer and chief scientist of Entity Analytic Solutions at IBM. He is responsible for shaping the overall technical strategy of next-generation identity analytics and the use of this new capability in the overall IBM technology strategy. The IBM Entity Analytic Solutions group was formed based on technologies he developed as the founder and chief scientist of Systems Research & Development (SRD). SRD was acquired by IBM in January 2005. He applies his real-world experience in software design and development to drive technology innovations while delivering higher levels of privacy and civil liberties protections. He is a member of the Markle Foundation Task Force on National Security in the Information Age and actively contributes on issues of privacy, technology, and homeland security to leading national think tanks, privacy advocacy groups, and policy research organizations, including the Center for Democracy and Technology, Heritage Foundation, Center for Strategic and International Studies, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Highlands Forum. John Lindback is director of elections for the state of Oregon, a position he has held since March 2001. His duties include enforcing laws governing the conduct of elections in Oregon, enforcing Oregon’s campaign finance laws, administering the state’s initiative and referendum process, and publishing state voters’ pamphlets. Previously, he worked for 6 years as chief of staff for the lieutenant governor of Alaska, a job that included administrative oversight of Alaska’s statewide election system. After earning a journalism degree from the University of Arizona in 1976, Mr. Lindback reported on government for newspapers for 12 years. He has worked in the public sector since 1988 as a budget analyst, legislative finance aide, public information officer, chief of staff to a lieutenant governor, and now state elections director. He is secretary of the National Association of State Elections Directors. He was also elected to the Executive Board of the Elections Assistance Commission’s national Standards Advisory Board, a group composed of 110 elections officials from across the nation. Bruce McPherson was the 30th California secretary of state. The first 26 years of his career he worked in the newsroom of the family-owned Santa Cruz Sentinel, serving as sports editor, news reporter, editor- editorial writer, and city editor. During this time he served on, and was president of, numerous community organizations. In his 11 years in the California legislature, he focused his attention on education, environmental protection, and public safety. In the aftermath of the resignation in early 2005 of California’s secretary of state, he was nominated by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger to be secretary of state. Mr. McPherson was confirmed unanimously in both the Senate and the Assembly. While in office, he updated the information technology required to meet election laws, and he oversaw three statewide elections and two special elections. Mr. McPherson graduated from Cal Poly–San Luis Obispo with a B.S. degree in journalism in 1965. He subsequently was given an honorary degree in humane letters from Cal Poly–San Luis Obispo in 2005. Wendy Noren is county clerk of Boone County, Missouri, a position she has held since 1982, and she managed the election division of the office for 4 years prior to that. Ms. Noren is responsible for keeping records of the orders, rules, and proceedings of the County Commission. In addition, she is responsible for inspecting and reviewing all voter precinct boundaries within the county and conducting elections. Throughout this period, she has served as a programmer for all of the voter registration functions. Over the past 25 years, she has been one of the first to implement emerging technology for the county’s voter registration system⎯often years before most jurisdictions. As both the programmer and user, she has a unique perspective on the critical components of a voter registration system. Other administrative responsibilities of the clerk include maintaining payroll files, administering employee benefits, administering the records management budget, and procuring adequate insurance and bonding for the county’s assets and elected officials. 

APPENDIX F 61 William Winkler is a principal researcher with the U.S. Census Bureau. He is a fellow of the American Statistical Association. He has published more than 130 papers and has developed eight (and counting) generalized computer systems for record linkage, edit/imputation, multipurpose and multiway sampling, text classification, and masking for public-use microdata. Dr. Winkler holds a Ph.D. in probability theory from Ohio State University. Rebecca N. Wright is an associate professor of computer science at Rutgers University. She is also deputy director of the DIMACS Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. Prior to that, she was a professor of computer science at Stevens Institute of Technology and a researcher in the Secure Systems Research Department at AT&T Labs and AT&T Bell Labs. Her research spans the area of information security, including cryptography, privacy, foundations of computer security, and fault-tolerant distributed computing. Professor Wright serves as an editor of the Journal of Computer Security and the International Journal of Information and Computer Security, and was a member of the board of directors of the International Association for Cryptologic Research from 2001 to 2005. She was a co-author on a study, “Statewide Databases of Registered Voters: Study of Accuracy, Privacy, Usability, Security, and Reliability Issues,” commissioned by USACM. She was an invited speaker in the National Academy of Engineering’s 2007 U.S. Frontiers of Engineering Symposium. She received a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Yale University in 1994 and a B.A. from Columbia University in 1988. CSTB STAFF Herbert S. Lin is chief scientist, CSTB at the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, National Research Council of the National Academies, where he has been the study director for major projects on public policy and information technology. These studies include a 1996 study on national cryptography policy (Cryptography’s Role in Securing the Information Society), a 1991 study on the future of computer science (Computing the Future), a 1999 study of Defense Department systems for command, control, communications, computing, and intelligence (Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges), a 2000 study on workforce issues in high-technology (Building a Workforce for the Information Economy), a 2002 study on protecting kids from Internet pornography and sexual exploitation (Youth, Pornography, and the Internet), a 2004 study on aspects of the FBI’s information technology modernization program (A Review of the FBI’s Trilogy IT Modernization Program), a 2005 study on electronic voting (Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting), and a 2005 study on computational biology (Catalyzing Inquiry at the Interface of Computing and Biology). Prior to his NRC service, he was a professional staff member and staff scientist for the House Armed Services Committee (1986-1990), where his portfolio included defense policy and arms control issues. He received his doctorate in physics from MIT. Kristen R. Batch is an associate program officer for the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Academies. She is currently involved with projects focusing on the interoperability of voter registration databases, the policy and ethical implications of offensive information warfare, and the information technology R&D ecosystem. Since joining CSTB in 2002, she has worked on studies that produced Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace, Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age, Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting, Signposts in Cyberspace: The Domain Name System and Internet Navigation, A Review of the FBI’s Trilogy Information Technology Modernization Program, and The Internet Under Crisis Conditions: Learning from September 11. While pursuing an M.A. in international communications from American University, she interned at the National Telecommunications and Information Administration, in the Office of International Affairs, and at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, in the Technology and Public Policy Program. She also received a B.A. from Carnegie Mellon University in literary and cultural studies and Spanish, and she received two travel grants to conduct independent research in Spain. 

62 STATE VOTER REGISTRATION DATABASES: IMMEDIATE ACTIONS AND FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS Morgan R. Motto, senior program assistant, has been with CSTB since December 2007 supporting several projects, including the Wireless Technology Prospects and Policy and Assessing the Impacts of Changes in the Information Technology Research and Development Ecosystem projects. Previously, she worked with the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology (BEST) on the reports Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals, Sediment Dredging at Superfund Megasites, Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Evaluating Research Efficiency in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Respiratory Disease Research at NIOSH, Review of the Federal Strategy to Address Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials, and Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the US EPA. Prior to coming to the NRC, Ms. Motto worked as a project manager for international affairs and technology at the U.S. Pan Asian American Chamber of Commerce. She earned a B.A. in international affairs and East Asian studies from the Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington University.