Opening New Frontiers in Space: Choices for the Next New Frontiers Announcement of Opportunity (2008)

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B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff RETA BEEBE, Co-chair, is a professor in the Astronomy Department at New Mexico State University, Las Cruces. Dr. Beebe’s research activities cover the study of the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn and, in particular, studies of cloud motions and evolution in Jupiter’s atmosphere. She is the author of several books and articles concerning telescopic observations of the giant planets, including Jupiter: The Giant Planet. Dr. Beebe manages the Atmo- spheres Discipline Node of NASA’s Planetary Data System. She was also a member of the Galileo imaging team and lead scientist for the team using the Hubble Space Telescope to provide context images for the Galileo project. She is a former chair of the American Astronomical Society’s (AAS’s) Division for Planetary Sciences. Dr. Beebe has served as chair of several National Research Council (NRC) committees, including the committee for the study “Review of the Next Decade Mars Architecture” and the Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration, and she was a member of the Committee on an Assessment of Balance in NASA’s Science Programs and of the Space Studies Board. She also served on the solar system exploration decadal survey. WARREN W. BUCK, Co-chair, is an internationally known theoretical physicist. He is chancellor emeritus and professor at the University of Washington, Bothell (UWB). He is also an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Washington, Seattle. Prior to joining UWB, Dr. Buck was a professor of physics and director of the Nuclear/High Energy Physics Research Center of Excellence at Hampton University. He was also a member of a team that established the scientific program at the Department of Energy’s Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, Virginia. He is a fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) and has served on a variety of national and international physics and educational committees, including the Board of Directors of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility’s Users Group, the American Institute of Physics’ Advisory Committee for Statistics and Education Division, and as chair of the APS Committee on Education. He is on the board of the Pacific Sci- ence Center. Douglas P. Blanchard retired as NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) senior executive in January 2007, after serving for a year as executive on loan to the Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership. Dr. Blanchard, who has over 30 years of science and leadership experience at JSC, began his career as a principal investigator in the NASA Planetary Materials and Geochemistry Program in 1973. He has served in numerous positions, including Lunar Sample curator and chief of the Planetary Materials Branch, chief of the Planetary Science Branch, vice-chair of the Mars Science Working Group, JSC study scientist, Mars Rover Sample Return mission, chief of the Earth 68 

APPENDIX B 69 Science and Solar System Exploration Division, JSC project scientist for the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, deputy director of the JSC Public Affairs Office, and assistant director of the Space Life and Life Sciences Directorate. Dr. Blanchard is the recipient of the 1983 NASA Group Achievement Award for Planetary Materials Curation and the 1997 NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal. ROBERT D. BRAUN is the David and Andrew Lewis Associate Professor of Space Technology in the Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech). As director of Georgia Tech’s Space Systems Design Laboratory, he leads a research and education program focused on the design of advanced flight systems and technologies for planetary exploration. Prior to joining the Georgia Tech faculty, Dr. Braun was on the technical staff of the NASA Langley Research Center. While at NASA he contributed to the design and flight operations of the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Microprobe flight projects, performing analyses pertaining to Mars entry, descent, and landing. Dr. Braun has received the 1999 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Lawrence Sperry Award, two NASA Exceptional Achievement Medals, and seven NASA Group Achievement Awards. Dr. Braun is an AIAA fellow and the author or co-author of more than 150 technical publications in the fields of atmospheric flight dynamics, planetary exploration systems, multidisciplinary design optimization, and systems engineering. BERNARD F. BURKE is the William A.M. Burden Professor of Astrophysics, emeritus, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is also a principal investigator at the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research. His research career has covered a wide range of activities, including the co-discovery of Jupiter radio bursts and the discovery of the first “Einstein Ring,” a manifestation of the warping of space-time by matter that was predicted by Albert Einstein in his general theory of relativity. Dr. Burke was president of the AAS (1986-1988) and served as a member of the National Science Board (1990-1996). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and the recipient of the NASA Group Achievement Award for Very- Long-Baseline Interferometry. Dr. Burke has served on numerous NRC committees, including the U.S. National Committee for the International Astronomical Union and the International Space Year Planning Committee. He currently serves on the Committee to Assess Solar System Exploration. ALAN DELAMERE is a retired senior engineer and program manager at Ball Aerospace and Technology Corpo- ration. He is currently involved as co-investigator on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Instrument (HIRISE) and on the Deep Impact mission to Comet Tempel 1. Mr. Delamere has been involved in the Mars program since the 1980s. His expertise focuses on instrument building and mission design. He was a member of the NRC Committee on Preventing the Forward Contamination of Mars. ROSALY M. LOPES is a principal scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where she is also the group supervi- sor for Geophysics and Planetary Geosciences. Her expertise is in planetary geology and volcanology. Her current research involves analysis of geologic features on Titan using the Cassini Radar Mapper, with specific emphasis on cryovolcanic features. Dr. Lopes joined JPL in 1979 to pursue planetary studies and work on flight projects. At JPL, she joined the Galileo Flight Project as part of the science team for the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS), one of the major instruments in the spacecraft. She was responsible for planning all of the observations of Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io using NIMS, leading the data analysis and the collaborations with other teams. She is currently investigation scientist for the radar instrument on Cassini. Dr. Lopes is a fellow of the AAAS and has been awarded the Carl Sagan Medal from the AAS and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. STEPHEN MACKWELL is the director of the Lunar and Planetary Institute. Prior to his 2002 appointment to the Lunar and Planetary Institute, Dr. Mackwell served as the director of the Bayerisches Geoinstitut at the University of Bayreuth, Germany. Under his guidance, the Geoinstitut strengthened its position as one of the preeminent experimental geosciences facilities in the world, and broadened its research programs to more fully address deep- Earth issues. Dr. Mackwell has served or is serving as program director for geophysics at the National Science 

70 OPENING NEW FRONTIERS IN SPACE Foundation’s (NSF’s) Division of Earth Sciences (1993-1994), expert reviewer for the Department of Energy’s Geosciences Research Program (1993), member of the Review Panel for NASA’s Planetary Geology and Geo- physics Program (1994-1998; 2002-2006), and expert consultant for NSF’s Division of Earth Sciences (1995). Dr. Mackwell conducts laboratory-based research into the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of geological materials under conditions relevant to the mantle and crust of Earth and other terrestrial planets. TIMOTHY J. McCOY is a curator with the Department of Mineral Sciences at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution. His research is focused on examinations of the mineralogy, chemistry, and texture of meteorites as a tool to understand the origin and evolution of their parent bodies, specifically asteroids and Mars. He has served as a participating scientist on the Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous mission, the Mars Explora- tion Rover mission, and the MESSENGER (Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry and Ranging) mission to Mercury. Dr. McCoy served as chair of the NRC Panel on In Situ Resource Utilization of the Committee for the Review of NASA’s Capability Roadmaps, and as a member of the Committee for the Review of the Next Decade Mars Architecture. He is currently serving on the Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration. RALPH McNUTT is a senior space physicist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Dr. McNutt is currently the project scientist and a co-investigator on the MESSENGER program and the Voyager PLS and LECP experiments. He is the Applied Physics Laboratory study scientist for the Solar Probe, a member of the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer Team, Cassini Orbiter spacecraft, and a co-investigator on the New Horizons mission to Pluto. He has worked on the physics of the magnetospheres of the outer planets, the outer heliosphere (including solar wind dynamics and properties of the VLF radiation), Pluto’s atmosphere, pulsars, high-current electron beams, the physics of active experiments in the mesosphere/thermosphere (artificial aurora), and the solar neutrino problem. Dr. McNutt previously served as a member of the NRC Committee for the Study of the Next Decadal Mars Architecture (2006) and the Committee on Priorities for Space Science Enabled by Nuclear Power and Propulsion: A Vision for Beyond 2015 (2004-2006). He currently serves on the Committee to Assess Solar System Exploration. SANDRA PIZZARELLO is research professor and professor emeritus in the Department of Chemistry and Bio- chemistry at Arizona State University. Dr. Pizzarello’s research activity for the last 24 years has focused on the study of organic components of carbonaceous chondrites. Her work has aided progress toward the recognition, identification, and molecular and isotopic characterization of their main extractable organic constituents. She was the lead member of a team of scientists that assessed the organic composition of the Tagish Lake meteorite, a carbonaceous chondrite that fell in Canada in 2000. Dr. Pizzarello is currently a principal investigator for three NASA studies, “Meteorite Organics: Tracers of Molecular Asymmetry in Cosmochemistry,” “Nonracemic Amino Acids in Meteorites: A Gauge of Water Processes in Early Solar System Planetesimals,” and “Molecular Asym- metry in Prebiotic Chemistry: A Study Guide from Meteorites.” She was a member of the NRC Committee on the Astrophysical Context of Life and of the Committee on the Origins and Evolution of Life. GERALD SCHUBERT is a professor in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences and in the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles and Distinguished Professor of Geophysics and Planetary Physics. Dr. Schubert’s research interests center on theoretical studies of the internal structures of the giant planets and their major satellites and the dynamics of planetary atmospheres. He has been associated with many spacecraft missions, including serving as an interdisciplinary scientist and co-investiga- tor for the Atmospheric Structure Experiment on Galileo; member of the Magellan Radar Investigation Group; interdisciplinary scientist for Pioneer Venus; co-investigator for Apollo 16’s Lunar Surface Magnetometer; and co-investigator for Apollo 15 and 16’s subsatellite magnetometers. Dr. Schubert has served as a member of the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Management Operations Working Group; the Lunar and Planetary Geoscience Review Panel and as the Geophysics Group chief; and the Planetary Atmospheres Review Panel and as the Dynamics Group chief (1995). He is a former member of the NRC Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration and also served on the solar system decadal survey. 

APPENDIX B 71 DONNA L. SHIRLEY is president of Managing Creativity, a management consulting, speaking, and training firm. During a 32-year career at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), she managed the NASA Mars Exploration Program and oversaw the Pathfinder and Mars Global Surveyor missions and the Sojourner Rover project.  After retiring from JPL she served as assistant dean of engineering for advanced program development and as an instructor in aerospace mechanical engineering at the University of Oklahoma. Ms. Shirley has experience in aerospace engi- neering, space science, government technical program management, and systems engineering.  She served on the NRC Committee on the National Aerospace Initiative and the Task Group on the Availability and Usefulness of NASA’s Space Mission Data.  She is a former director of the Science Fiction Museum in Seattle. JOHN SPENCER is a staff scientist at Southwest Research Institute’s Department of Space Studies. He special- izes in studies of the moons of the outer planets, particularly the four large Galilean satellites of Jupiter, using theoretical models, Earth-based telescopes, close-up spacecraft observations, and the Hubble Space Telescope. He was responsible for temperature mapping of Jupiter’s moons with the photopolarimeter-radiometer instrument on the Galileo mission, and he is now mapping the temperatures on Saturn’s moons as a science team member on the composite infrared spectrometer instrument on Cassini. He is a science team member on the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt. He is particularly interested in the active volcanos and atmosphere of Jupiter’s moon Io, and more recently in the active ice eruptions of Saturn’s moon Enceladus. He has also published research on Mars, asteroids, Pluto, and Neptune’s moon Triton. ELIZABETH P. TURTLE is a planetary scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL). Prior to joining APL she was an assistant research scientist in the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona. Dr. Turtle studies geologic processes and impact cratering on icy satellites, Io, and terrestrial planets through the combination of remote sensing observations and numerical modeling. She has worked with the imaging teams of the Galileo and Cassini missions, planning observations of Io and Titan, respectively. She is also a co-investigator on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera. Staff DWAYNE A. DAY, Study Director, has a Ph.D. in political science from the George Washington University and has previously served as an investigator for the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. He was on the staff of the Congressional Budget Office and also worked for the Space Policy Institute at the George Washington University. He has held Guggenheim and Verville fellowships and is an associate editor of the German spaceflight magazine Raumfahrt Concrete in addition to writing for such publications as Novosti Kosmonavtiki (Russia), Spaceflight, and Space Chronicle (United Kingdom). He has served as study director for several NRC reports, including Space Radiation Hazards and the Vision for Space Exploration (2006) and Grading NASA’s Solar System Exploration Program, and he is director of an ongoing study of science enabled by NASA’s Constellation System. CATHERINE A. GRUBER is an assistant editor with the Space Studies Board. She joined SSB as a senior pro- gram assistant in 1995. Ms. Gruber first came to the NRC in 1988 as a senior secretary for the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board and has also worked as an outreach assistant for the National Academy of Sci- ences–Smithsonian Institution’s National Science Resources Center. She was a research assistant (chemist) in the National Institute of Mental Health’s Laboratory of Cell Biology for 2 years. She has a B.A. in natural science from St. Mary’s College of Maryland. CELESTE A. NAYLOR joined the Space Studies Board in June 2002 as a senior project assistant. She has worked with the Committee on Assessment of Options to Extend the Life of the Hubble Space Telescope and also with the Committee on Microgravity Research and the Task Group on Research on the International Space Station. Ms. Naylor is a member of the Society of Government Meeting Professionals and has more than 7 years of experience in event management. 

72 OPENING NEW FRONTIERS IN SPACE VICTORIA SWISHER is a research associate. She has supported SSB studies and workshops on the aerospace workforce, Mars research, research enabled by the lunar environment, and other topics. Before joining SSB, she performed research in x-ray astronomy and laboratory astrophysics, which included studying x-rays from plasmas and culminated in her senior thesis, “Modeling UV and X-ray Spectra from the Swarthmore Spheromak Experi- ment.” A graduate of Swarthmore College, she majored in astronomy and minored in English literature.