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Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2008. Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12207.
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Page 37
Suggested Citation:"References." National Research Council. 2008. Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12207.
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Page 38

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References American Federation of Teachers. (2003). Setting Strong Standards. Washington, DC: Ameri- can Federal of Teachers. Carr, P. (2008). Comparing State Proficiency Standards Using NAEP. Presentation to the Na- tional Research Council Workshop on Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States. Available: http://www7.nationalacademies.org/cfe/Carr%20Presentation. pdf [May 2008]. Center on Education Policy. (2007). Answering the Question That Matters Most: Has ­Student Achievement Increased Since No Child Left Behind? Washington, DC: Center on Education Policy. Editorial Projects in Education. (2008). Quality Counts. Bethesda, MD: Editorial Projects in Education. Goertz, M.E. (2007). Standards-Based Reform: Lessons from the Past, Directions for the Future. Paper presented at Clio at the Table: A Conference on the Uses of History to Inform and Improve Education Policy, Brown University. Goertz, M.E. (2008). Identifying the Costs of Standards-Based K-12 Education. Presentation to the National Research Council Workshop on Assessing the Role of K-12 Aca- demic Standards in States. Available: http://www7.nationalacademies.org/cfe/ Goertz%­20­State%20Standards%20Presentation.pdf [April 2008]. Gross, P.R., Goodenough, U., Lerner, L.S., Haack, S., Schwartz, M., Schwartz, R., and Finn, C.E., Jr. (2005). The State of State Science Standards. Thomas B. Fordham Institute. Avail- able: http://www.edexcellence.net/doc/Science%20Standards.FinalFinal.pdf [April 2008]. Harris, D., and Taylor, L. (2008a). Presentation to the National Research Council Work- shop on Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States. Available: http:// www7.nationalacademies.org/cfe/1Harris%20and%20Taylor%20Presentation.pdf [April 2008]. Harris, D., and Taylor, L. (2008b). The Resource Costs of Standards, Assessments, and ­Accountability. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States. Available: http://­­www7.­nationalacademies.org/ cfe/Harris_Taylor%20State%20Standards%20Paper.pdf [April 2008]. 37

38 ASSESSING THE ROLE OF K-12 ACADEMIC STANDARDS IN STATES Massell, D. (2008). The Current Status and Role of Standards-Based Reform in the United States. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States. Available: http://www7.nationalacademies. org/cfe/Massell%20State%20Standards%20Paper.pdf [May 2008]. National Center for Education Statistics. (2007). Mapping 2005 State Proficiency Standards onto the NAEP Scales. Research and Development Report. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/ nationsreportcard/pubs/studies/2007482.asp [April 2008]. National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). A Nation at Risk. Washington, DC: National Commission on Excellence in Education. Petrilli, M. (2007). Presentation to the National Research Council Workshop on Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States. Available: http://www7.nationalacademies. org/cfe/Petrilli%20Presentation.pdf [April 2008]. Porter, A., Polikoff, M., and Smithson, J. (2008). Is There a de Facto National Curriculum?: Evi- dence from State Standards. Paper prepared for the National Research Council Workshop on Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States. Available: http://www7. nationalacademies.org/cfe/Porter_Smithson%20State%20Standards%20Paper_Tables. pdf [May 2008]. Smith, M.S., and O’Day, J. (1991). Systemic school reform. In S.H. Fuhrman and B. Malen (Eds.), The Politics of Curriculum and Testing. (Yearbook of the Politics of Education Asso­ ciation). New York: Falmer Press.

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Every state in the United States, the District of Columbia, and the Department of Defense Education Activity now has its own academic standards, at least in core subjects. These documents vary in their structure, level of specificity, and other characteristics. Professional societies have also developed standards, in mathematics, English language arts, science, social studies, civics, foreign languages, and other academic subjects, and many states have drawn on these as they prepared their own standards documents. Other organizations have also offered standards and benchmarks. For example, the Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning (McREL) offers standards developed with the goal of applying a consistent structure and degree of rigor and specificity to standards in diverse subjects.

This abundance of standards reflects a vigorous response to the call for high standards articulated in the National Commission on Excellence in Education's 1983 report A Nation at Risk, and it also poses a variety of questions for educators, policy makers, and the public. What role are these standards playing? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the reform efforts that have been anchored by these standards? How are these standards applied, and how might standards-based reforms be improved? Would a move toward national standards in core academic subjects lead to improved instruction and learning? Would it be feasible?

The committee identified three components to the charge for the first workshop: a review of the policy and research context in which current standards-based reform efforts are operating, a consideration of how the costs of standards and accountability systems might be calculated, and an analysis of similarities and differences among states' content and performance standards. Assessing the Role of K-12 Academic Standards in States: Workshop Summary summarizes this workshop and the committee's recommendations.

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