Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Fourth Edition (2009)

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References American Statistical Association (1984). Report of the ASA technical panel on the census undercount. American Statistician 38(4):252-256. _______ (1999). Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice. Alexandria, VA. Available: www. amstat.org/profession/index.cfm?fuseaction=main. Anderson, Margo J. (1988). The American Census: A Social History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Brackstone, Gordon (1999). Managing data quality in a statistical agency. Survey Methodology 25(2):139-149. Chakrabarty, Rameswar, assisted by Georgina Torres (1996). The American Housing Survey— A Quality Profile. Current Housing Reports, H121/95-1. Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Census Bureau. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. de Leeuw, Edith, and Wim de Heer (2002). Trends in household survey nonresponse: A longitudinal and international comparison. Pp. 41-54 in Survey Nonresponse, Robert M. Groves, Donald A. Dillman, John L. Eltinge, and Roderick J.A. Little, eds. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Doyle, Pat, Julia I. Lane, Jules J.M. Theeuwes, and Laura V. Zayatz, eds. (2001). Confidential- ity, Disclosure, and Data Access: Theory and Practical Applications for Statistical Agencies. Amsterdam: Elsevier North-Holland. Duncan, Joseph W., and William C. Shelton (1978). Revolution in United States Government Statistics, 1926-1976. Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. Energy Information Administration (1996). Residential Energy Consumption Survey Quality Profile. Prepared by Thomas B. Jabine. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy. Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology (1978a). Report on Statistics for Allocation of Funds. Statistical Policy Working Paper 1 (NTIS PB86-211521/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. 55 

56 principles and practices for a federal statistical agency _______ (1978b). Report on Statistical Disclosure and Disclosure-Avoidance Techniques. Statistical Policy Working Paper 2 (NTIS PB86-211539/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. _______ (1978c). An Error Profile: Employment as Measured by the Current Population Survey. Statistical Policy Working Paper 3 (NTIS PB86-214269/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. _______ (1978d). Glossary of Nonsampling Error Terms: An Illustration of a Semantic Problem in Statistics. Statistical Policy Working Paper 4 (NTIS PB86-211547/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. _______ (1980a). Report on Exact and Statistical Matching Techniques. Statistical Policy Working Paper 5 (NTIS PB86-215829/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. _______ (1980b). Report on Statistical Uses of Administrative Records. Statistical Policy Working Paper 6 (NTIS PB86-214285/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. _______ (1982a). An Interagency Review of Time-Series Revision Policies. Statistical Policy Working Paper 7 (NTIS PB86-232451/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (1982b). Statistical Interagency Agreements. Statistical Policy Working Paper 8 (NTIS PB86-230570/AS). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1983a). Contracting for Surveys. Statistical Policy Working Paper 9 (NTIS PB83- 233148). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1983b). Approaches to Developing Questionnaires. Statistical Policy Working Paper 10 (NTIS PB84-105055). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1984a). A Review of Industry Coding Systems. Statistical Policy Working Paper 11 (NTIS PB84-135276). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1984b). The Role of Telephone Data Collection in Federal Statistics. Statistical Policy Working Paper 12 (NTIS PB85-105971). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (1986). Federal Longitudinal Surveys. Statistical Policy Working Paper 13 (NTIS PB86-139730). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1987). Workshop on Statistical Uses of Microcomputer in Federal Agencies. Statisti- cal Policy Working Paper 14 (NTIS PB87-166393). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1988). Quality in Establishment Surveys. Statistical Policy Working Paper 15 (NTIS PB88-232921). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1990a). A Comparative Study of Reporting Units in Selected Employer Data Systems. Statistical Policy Working Paper 16 (NTIS PB90-205238). Washington, DC: U.S. Of- fice of Management and Budget. _______ (1990b). Survey Coverage. Statistical Policy Working Paper 17 (NTIS PB90- 205246). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1990c). Data Editing in Federal Statistical Agencies. Statistical Policy Working Paper 18 (NTIS PB90-205253). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. 

REFERENCES 57 _______ (1990d). Computer Assisted Survey Information. Statistical Policy Working Paper 19 (NTIS PB90-205261). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1991). Seminar on Quality of Federal Data. Statistical Policy Working Paper 20 (NTIS PB91-142414). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1993). Indirect Estimators in Federal Programs. Statistical Policy Working Paper 21 (NTIS PB93-209294). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1994). Report on Statistical Disclosure Limitation Methodology. Statistical Policy Working Paper 22 (NTIS PB94-165305). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. [revised in 2005] _______ (1995a). Seminar on New Directions in Statistical Methodology. Statistical Policy Working Paper 23 (NTIS PB95-182978). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (1995b). Electronic Dissemination of Statistical Data. Statistical Policy Working Paper 24 (NTIS PB96-121629). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1996). Data Editing Workshop and Exposition. Statistical Policy Working Paper 25 (NTIS PB97-104624). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1997). Seminar on Statistical Methodology in the Public Service. Statistical Policy Working Paper 26 (NTIS PB97-162580). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (1998). Training for the Future: Addressing Tomorrow’s Survey Tasks. Statistical Policy Working Paper 27 (NTIS PB99-102576). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (1999a). Seminar on Interagency Coordination and Cooperation. Statistical Policy Working Paper 28 (NTIS PB99-132029). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (1999b). Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference (Confer- ence Papers). Statistical Policy Working Paper 29 (NTIS PB99-166795). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (1999c). 1999 Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference: Complete Proceedings. Statistical Policy Working Paper 30 (NTIS PB2000-105886). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (2001a). Measuring and Reporting Sources of Error in Surveys. Statistical Policy Work- ing Paper 31 (NTIS PB2001-104329). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (2001b). Seminar on Integrating Federal Statistical Information and Processes. Statisti- cal Policy Working Paper 32 (NTIS PB2001-104626). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (2001c). Seminar on the Funding Opportunity in Survey Research. Statistical Policy Working Paper 33 (NTIS PB2001-108851). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (2001d). Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference. Statistical Policy Working Paper 34 (NTIS PB2002-100103). Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (2003a). Seminar on the Funding Opportunity in Survey Research. Statistical Policy Working Paper 36. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. 

58 principles and practices for a federal statistical agency _______ (2003b). Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference. Statistical Policy Working Paper 37. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (2004a). Seminar on Challenges to the Federal Statistical System in Fostering Access to Statistics. Statistical Policy Working Paper 35. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Manage- ment and Budget. _______ (2004b). Summary Report of the FCSM-GSS Workshop on Web-Based Data Collec- tion. Statistical Policy Working Paper 38. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. _______ (2005). Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology Research Conference, Conference Papers. Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Management and Budget. Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics (2008). Older Americans 2008: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Available: www.agingstats.gov. Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (2007). America’s Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2007. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available: www.childstats.gov. _______ (2008). America’s Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2008. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available: www.childstats.gov. Gates, Gerald W. (2000). Confidentiality. Pp. 80-83 in Margo J. Anderson, ed. Encyclopedia of the U.S. Census. Washington, DC: CQ Press. Hillygus, D. Sunshine, Norman H. Nie, Kenneth Prewitt, and Heili Pals (2006). The Hard Count: The Political and Social Challenges of Census Mobilization. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. International Statistical Institute (1985). Declaration on Professional Ethics. Voorburg, The Netherlands. Available: www.isi.cbs.nl/ethics.htm. Kalton, Graham, Marianne Winglee, Sheila Krawchuk, and Daniel Levine (2000). Quality Profile for SASS Rounds 1-3: 1987-1995, Aspects of the Quality of Data in the Schools and Staffing Surveys (SASS). National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Martin, Margaret E. (1981). Statistical practice in bureaucracies. Journal of the American Statistical Association 76(373):1-8. National Research Council (1976). Setting Statistical Priorities. Panel on Methodology for Statistical Priorities. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1984). Cognitive Aspects of Survey Methodology: Building a Bridge Between Disci- plines. Report of the Advanced Research Seminar on Cognitive Aspects of Survey Meth- odology, Thomas B. Jabine, Miron L. Straf, Judith M. Tanur, and Roger Tourangeau, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1985a). Immigration Statistics: A Story of Neglect. Panel on Immigration Statistics, Daniel B. Levine, Kenneth Hill, and Robert Warren, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1985b). Natural Gas Data Needs in a Changing Regulatory Environment. Panel on Natural Gas Statistics. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1985c). Sharing Research Data. Stephen E. Fienberg, Margaret E. Martin, and Miron L. Straf, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 

REFERENCES 59 _______ (1986). Creating a Center for Education Statistics: A Time for Action. Panel to Evalu- ate the National Center for Education Statistics, Daniel B. Levine, ed. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1991a). Improving Information for Social Policy Decisions: The Uses of Microsimula- tion Modeling, Volume I: Review and Recommendations. Panel to Evaluate Microsimula- tion Models for Social Welfare Programs, Constance F. Citro and Eric A. Hanushek, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1991b). Improving Information for Social Policy Decisions: The Uses of Microsimula- tion Modeling, Volume II: Technical Papers. Panel to Evaluate Microsimulation Models for Social Welfare Programs, Constance F. Citro and Eric A. Hanushek, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1992). Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency. Margaret E. Martin and Miron L. Straf, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1993a). The Future of the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Panel to Evaluate the Survey of Income and Program Participation, Constance F. Citro and Graham Kalton, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1993b). Private Lives and Public Policies: Confidentiality and Accessibility of Govern- ment Statistics. Panel on Confidentiality and Data Access, George T. Duncan, Thomas B. Jabine, and Virginia A. de Wolf, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1995a). Measuring Poverty—A New Approach. Panel on Poverty and Family Assis- tance, Constance F. Citro and Robert T. Michael, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1995b). Modernizing the U.S. Census. Panel on Census Requirements in the Year 2000 and Beyond, Barry Edmonston and Charles Schultze, eds. Committee on Na- tional Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1997a). Assessing Policies for Retirement Income: Needs for Data, Research, and Mod- els. Panel on Retirement Income Modeling, Constance F. Citro and Eric A. Hanushek, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1997b). The Bureau of Transportation Statistics: Priorities for the Future. Panel on Statistical Programs and Practices of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Constance F. Citro and Janet L. Norwood, eds. Committee on National Statistics and Transporta- tion Research Board. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1998a). Longitudinal Surveys of Children. Committee on National Statistics and Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Kirsten K. West, Robert M. Hauser, and Terri M. Scanlan, eds. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1998b). Statistics, Testing, and Defense Acquisition: New Approaches and Method- ological Improvements. Panel on Statistical Methods for Testing and Evaluating Defense Systems, Michael L. Cohen, John E. Rolph, and Duane L. Steffey, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 

60 principles and practices for a federal statistical agency _______ (1999a). Health Performance Measurement in the Public Sector: Principles and Policies for Implementing an Information Network. Panel on Performance Measures and Data for Public Health Performance Partnership Grants, Edward B. Perrin, Jane S. Durch, and Susan M. Skillman, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (1999b). Sowing Seeds of Change: Informing Public Policy in the Economic Research Service of USDA. Panel to Study the Research Program of the Economic Research Ser- vice, John F. Geweke, James T. Bonnen, Andrew A. White, and Jeffrey J. Koshel, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2000a). Improving Access to and Confidentiality of Research Data: Report of a Workshop. Christopher Mackie and Norman Bradburn, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2000b). Measuring the Science and Engineering Enterprise: Priorities for the Division of Science Resource Studies. Committee to Assess the Portfolio of the Division of Science Resources Studies of NSF. Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel and Commit- tee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2000c). Small-Area Estimates of School-Age Children in Poverty: Evaluation of Cur- rent Methodology. Panel on Estimates of Poverty for Small Geographic Areas, Constance F. Citro and Graham Kalton, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2000d). Small-Area Income and Poverty Estimates: Priorities for 2000 and Beyond. Panel on Estimates of Poverty for Small Geographic Areas, Constance F. Citro and Graham Kalton, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2001a). Cells and Surveys: Should Biological Measures Be Included in Social Science Research? Caleb E. Finch, James W. Vaupel, and Kevin Kinsella, eds. Committee on Population. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2001b). Evaluating Welfare Reform in an Era of Transition. Panel on Data and Methods for Measuring the Effects of Changes in Social Welfare Programs, Robert A. Moffitt and Michele Ver Ploeg, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2001c). Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Second Edition. Margaret E. Martin, Miron L. Straf, and Constance F. Citro, eds. Committee on Na- tional Statistics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2002a). At What Price?: Conceptualizing and Measuring Cost-of-Living and Price Indexes. Panel on Conceptual, Measurement, and Other Statistical Issues in Developing Cost-of-Living Indexes, Charles Schultze and Christopher Mackie, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2002b). Reliability Issues for DoD Systems: Report of a Workshop. Francisco Samaniego and Michael L. Cohen, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2003a). Estimating Eligibility and Participation for the WIC Program: Final Report. Panel to Evaluate the USDA’s Methodology for Estimating Eligibility and Participation for the WIC Program, Michele Ver Ploeg and David M. Betson, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 

REFERENCES 61 _______ (2003b). Innovations in Software Engineering for Defense Systems. Oversight Com- mittee for the Workshop on Statistical Methods in Software Engineering for Defense Systems, Siddhartha R. Dalal, Jesse H. Poore, and Michael L. Cohen, eds. Committee on National Statistics and Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2003c). Measuring Personal Travel and Goods Movement: A Review of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics’ Surveys—Special Report 277. Committee to Review the Bureau of Transportation Statistics’ Survey Programs. Committee on National Statistics and the Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2003d). Protecting Participants and Facilitating Social and Behavioral Sciences Research. Panel on Institutional Review Boards, Surveys, and Social Science Research, Constance F. Citro, Daniel R. Ilgen, and Cora B. Marrett, eds. Committee on National Statistics and Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2003e). Survey Automation: Report and Workshop Proceedings. Oversight Committee for the Workshop on Survey Automation, Daniel L. Cork, Michael L. Cohen, Robert Groves, and William Kalsbeek, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2004a). Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts, Katharine G. Abraham and Christopher Mackie, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2004b). Eliminating Health Disparities: Measurement and Data Needs. Panel on DHHS Collection of Race and Ethnic Data, Michele Ver Ploeg and Edward Perrin, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2004c). Measuring Research and Development Expenditures in the U.S. Economy. Panel on Research and Development Statistics at the National Science Foundation, Lawrence D. Brown, Thomas J. Plewes, and Marisa A. Gerstein, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2004d). Reengineering the 2010 Census: Risks and Challenges. Panel on Research on Future Census Methods, Daniel L. Cork, Michael L. Cohen, and Benjamin F. King, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2004e). The 2000 Census: Counting Under Adversity. Panel to Review the 2000 Census, Constance F. Citro, Daniel L. Cork, and Janet L. Norwood, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2005a). Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States. Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts, Katharine G. Abraham and Christopher Mackie, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2005b). Expanding Access to Research Data: Reconciling Risks and Opportunities. Panel on Data Access for Research Purposes. Committee on National Statistics. Wash- ington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2005c). Experimental Poverty Measures: Summary of a Workshop. John Iceland, rap- porteur. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 

62 principles and practices for a federal statistical agency _______ (2005d). Principles and Practices for a Federal Statistical Agency: Third Edition. Margaret E. Martin, Miron L. Straf, and Constance F. Citro, eds. Committee on Na- tional Statistics, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2006a). Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Mea- sure. Panel to Review USDA’s Measurement of Food Insecurity and Hunger, Gooloo S. Wunderlich and Janet L. Norwood, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2006b). Improving Business Statistics Through Interagency Data Sharing: Summary of a Workshop. Caryn Kuebler and Christopher Mackie, rapporteurs. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2006c). Once, Only Once, and in the Right Place: Residence Rules in the Decen- nial Census. Panel on Residence Rules in the Decennial Census, Daniel L. Cork and Paul R. Voss, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2006d). Testing of Defense Systems in an Evolutionary Acquisition Environment. Oversight Steering Committee for the Workshop on Testing for Dynamic Acquisition of Defense Systems, Vijay Nair and Michael L. Cohen, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2007a). Understanding Business Dynamics: An Integrated Data System for America’s Future. Panel on Measuring Business Formation, Dynamics, and Performance, John Haltiwanger, Lisa M. Lynch, and Christopher Mackie, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2007b). Using the American Community Survey: Benefits and Challenges. Panel on the Functionality and Usability of Estimates from the American Community Survey, Constance F. Citro and Graham Kalton, eds. Committee on National Statistics. Wash- ington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2008a). Experimentation and Evaluation Plans for the 2010 Census: Interim Report. Panel on the Design of the 2010 Census Program of Evaluations and Experiments (CPEX). Committee on National Statistics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2008b). Protecting Individual Privacy in the Struggle Against Terrorists—A Frame- work for Program Assessment. Committee on Technical and Privacy Dimensions of Information for Terrorism Prevention and Other National Goals. Committee on Law and Justice, Committee on National Statistics, and Computer Science and Telecom- munications Board. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2008c). Rebuilding the Research Capacity at HUD. Committee to Evaluate the Research Plan of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2008d). Surveying Victims: Options for Conducting the National Crime Victimization Survey. Committee on National Statistics and Committee on Law and Justice. Washing- ton, DC: The National Academies Press. 

REFERENCES 63 National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (1992). Toward a National Health Care Survey: A Data System for the 21st Century. Panel on the National Health Care Survey, Gooloo S. Wunderlich, ed. Committee on National Statistics and Division of Health Care Services. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. _______ (2004). Children’s Health, The Nation’s Wealth: Assessing and Improving Children’s Health. Committee on Evaluation of Children’s Health and Board on Children, Youth, and Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. _______ (2008). The National Children’s Study Research Plan: A Review. Panel to Review the National Children’s Study Research Plan. Committee on National Statistics, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, and Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Norwood, Janet L. (1975). Should those who produce statistics analyze them? How far should analysis go? An American view. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, Proceed- ings of the 40th session, 46:420-432. _______ (1995). Organizing to Count: Change in the Federal Statistical System. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute Press. President’s Commission on Federal Statistics (1971). Federal Statistics. Vol. I. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Privacy Protection Study Commission (1977). Personal Privacy in an Information Society. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Ryten, Jacob (1990). Statistical organization criteria for inter-country comparisons and their application to Canada. Journal of Official Statistics 6(3):319-332. Triplett, Jack (1991). The federal statistical system’s response to emerging data needs. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement 17(3, 4):155-201. U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (2003). ECE-World Bank Seminar on the Appli- cation of the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics. Almaty, Kazakhstan, April 28-29. ����������������������������������������������������������������������� Available: www.unece.org/stats/documents/ece-worldbank/2003/w1/1.e.pdf. U.N. Statistical Commission (1994). Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics. Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1994, Supplement No. 9. New York: U.N. Statistical Commission. ��������������������������������������������������� Available: www.unece.org/stats/documents/ece-world- bank/2003/w1/1.e.pdf. _______ (2003). Implementation of the Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics. Report of the Secretary-General. New York: U.N. Statistical Commission. ����������������������� Available: www.unstats. un.org/unsd/dnss/gp/globreview.aspx. U.N. Statistical Commission and Economic Commission for Europe (1991). Resolution on fundamental principles of official statistics in the Economic Commission for Europe (draft). Report of the Thirty-Ninth Plenary Session, June 17-21. U.S. Census Bureau (1998). Survey of Income and Program Participation Quality Profile 1998. Third Edition. Prepared by Westat, Graham Kalton, project director. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. Available: www.bls.census.gov/sipp/workpapr/230. pdf. _______ (2003). U.S. Census Bureau Data Stewardship/Privacy Impact Assessment— Demographic Surveys Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. 

64 principles and practices for a federal statistical agency U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Education, Energy, Health and Human Ser- vices, Justice, Labor, Transportation, and Treasury; National Science Foundation; and Social Security Administration (2002).  Federal statistical organizations’ guidelines for ensuring and maximizing the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of disseminated information.  Federal Register 67(107):38467-38469. U.S. General Accounting Office (1995). Statistical Agencies: Adherence to Guidelines and Co- ordination of Budgets. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Office of Management and Budget (1985). Statistical policy directive on compila- tion, release, and evaluation of principle federal economic indicators. Federal Register 50(186):932-934. Available: www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/statpolicy/dir_3_fr_ �������������������������������������������������������������� 09251985.pdf. _______ (1997). Order providing for the confidentiality of statistical information. Fed- eral Register 62(124):35044-35050. Available: www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/conf- order.pdf. _______ (1999). Statistical Programs of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2000. Statistical and Science Policy Office, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. _______ (2004a, December 16). Issuance of OMB’s “Final Information Quality Bul- letin for Peer Review.” Memorandum from Joshua B. Bolten, Director, for heads of departments and agencies. Washington, DC. Available: www.whitehouse. gov/omb/memoranda/fy2005/m05-03.pdf. _______ (2004b). Statistical Programs of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2005. Statistical and Science Policy Office, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. _______ (2006a). Guidance on Agency Survey and Statistical Information Collections. Memo- randum for the President’s Management Council, John D. Graham, January 20. Availa-������� ble: www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/pmc_survey_guidance_2006.pdf. _______ (2006b). Standards and Guidelines for Statistical Surveys, Federal Register 71(184): 55522-55523. ������������������������������������������������������������ Complete document available: www.whitehouse.gov/omb/inforeg/ statpolicy/standards_stat_surveys.pdf. _______ (2007). Implementation guidance for Title V of the E-Government Act, Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act of 2002 (CIPSEA), Federal Register 72(115):33362-33377. Available: www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/2007/061507_ cipsea_guidance.pdf. ________ (2008a). Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2009, Analytical Per- spectives, Chapter 4: Strengthening Federal Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. _______ (2008b). Statistical policy directive no. 4—Release and dissemination of statistical products produced by federal statistical agencies, Federal Register 73(46):12622-12626. Available: www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/2008/030708_directive-4.pdf. _______ (2008c). Statistical Programs of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2009. Statistical and Science Policy Office, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.