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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2010. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12799.
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Appendix C
Acronyms

ACIP Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CFR case fatality rate

CIDRAP Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy

CMI cell-mediated immunity

DOD Department of Defense

ECDC European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control

ED emergency department

EFTA European Free Trade Association

EID emerging infectious disease

ESR Environmental Science and Research

FDA Food and Drug Administration

GBS Guillain-Barré Syndrome

GDP gross domestic product

GOARN Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network

GP general practitioner

GPHIN Global Public Health Information Network

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2010. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12799.
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HA hemagglutinin

HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

HPAI highly pathogenic avian influenza

IAV influenza A virus

IHR International Health Regulations

ILI influenza-like illness

IOM Institute of Medicine

ISTM International Society of Travel Medicine

M matrix protein

MDCK Madin-Darby Canine Kidney

MHC major histocompatibility complex

NA neuraminidase

NICD National Institute of Communicable Diseases

NIH National Institutes of Health

NP nuclear protein

NS nonstructural protein

NYCDOH New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene

OIE World Organization for Animal Health

PAHO Pan American Health Organization

PCAST President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology

PCR polymerase chain reaction

RNA ribonucleic acid

RSV respiratory syncytial virus

RT-PCR reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome

sCFR symptomatic case fatality ratio

SENASA Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria

SIV swine influenza virus

S-OIV swine-origin influenza virus

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2010. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12799.
×

vRNA viral ribonucleic acid

WHO World Health Organization

WHO/AFRO World Health Organization Regional Office of Africa

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2010. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12799.
×
Page 386
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2010. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12799.
×
Page 387
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 2010. The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12799.
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Page 388
Next: Appendix D Glossary »
The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary Get This Book
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In March and early April 2009, a new, swine-origin 2009-H1N1 influenza A virus emerged in Mexico and the United States. During the first few weeks of surveillance, the virus spread by human-to-human transmission worldwide to over 30 countries. On June 11, 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) raised the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 6 in response to the ongoing global spread of the novel influenza A (H1N1) virus. By October 30, 2009, the H1N1 influenza A had spread to 191 countries and resulted in 5,700 fatalities. A national emergency was declared in the United States and the swine flu joined SARS and the avian flu as pandemics of the 21st century. Vaccination is currently available, but in limited supply, and with a 60 percent effectiveness rate against the virus.

The story of how this new influenza virus spread out of Mexico to other parts of North America and then on to Europe, the Far East, and now Australia and the Pacific Rim countries has its origins in the global interconnectedness of travel, trade, and tourism. Given the rapid spread of the virus, the international scientific, public health, security, and policy communities had to mobilize quickly to characterize this unique virus and address its potential effects. The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control have played critical roles in the surveillance, detection and responses to the H1N1 virus.

The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions aimed to examine the evolutionary origins of the H1N1 virus and evaluate its potential public health and socioeconomic consequences, while monitoring and mitigating the impact of a fast-moving pandemic. The rapporteurs for this workshop reported on the need for increased and geographically robust global influenza vaccine production capacities; enhanced and sustained interpandemic demand for seasonal influenza vaccines; clear "triggers" for pandemic alert levels; and accelerated research collaboration on new vaccine manufacturing techniques. This book will be an essential guide for healthcare professionals, policymakers, drug manufacturers and investigators.

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