National Academies Press: OpenBook

Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions (2010)

Chapter: Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12946.
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D
Acronyms and Abbreviations

ACE Advanced Composition Explorer

ACRIMSAT Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite

ACTS Advanced Communications Technology Satellite

AFE Aeroassist Flight Experiment

AIM Aeronomy of Ice in Mesosphere

AO announcement of opportunity

ASRM Advanced Solid Rocket Motor

ATP Alternate Turbopumps

AXAF Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility

CADRe Cost Analysis Data Requirement (NASA)

CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation

CDR critical design review

CGRO Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory

CINDI Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamics

CLOUDSAT Cloud Satellite

CNES Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales

CONTOUR Comet Nucleus Tour

DOD Department of Defense

DOE Department of Energy

DS Deep Space

EO Earth Observing

EOS Earth Observing System

ESA European Space Agency

EUVE Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer

FAST Fast Auroral Snapshot

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12946.
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FTS Flight Telerobotic Servicer

FUSE Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer

GALEX Galaxy Evolution Explorer

GAO Government Accountability Office

GLAST Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope

GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite

GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment

GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center

HESSI High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (also referred to as RHESSI)

HETE High Energy Transient Explorer

HST Hubble Space Telescope

IBEX Interstellar Boundary Explorer

ICESAT Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite

IMAGE Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration

ISS International Space Station

JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory

JWST James Webb Space Telescope

KPD key decision point

LCROSS Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite

LRO Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

MAP Microwave Anisotropy Probe

MCO Mars Climate Orbiter

MER Mars Exploration Rover

MESSENGER Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging

MGS Mars Global Surveyor

MMS Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission

MPL Mars Polar Lander

MRO Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

MSL Mars Science Laboratory

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NEAR Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System

NPD NASA Policy Directive

NPR NASA Procedural Requirements

NRC National Research Council

NSCAT NASA Scatterometer

OCO Orbiting Carbon Observatory

OMB Office of Management and Budget

OMV Orbital Maneuvering Vehicle

OSTM Ocean Surface Topography Mission

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12946.
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PDR preliminary design review

PI principal investigator

RHESSI Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager

SIRTF Space Infrared Telescope Facility (now known as the Spitzer Space Telescope)

SMD Science Mission Directorate

SOFIA Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy

SORCE Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment

SRB Standing Review Board

STEREO Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory

SWAS Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite

TDRS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite

THEMIS Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms

TIMED Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics

TOPEX Ocean Topography Experiment

TRACE Transition Region and Coronal Explorer

TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission

TSS Tethered Satellite System

TWINS Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers

USAF U.S. Air Force

WBS work breakdown structure

WIRE Wide-Field Infrared Explorer

WISE Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer

XTE X-Ray Timing Explorer

Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12946.
×
Page 62
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12946.
×
Page 63
Suggested Citation:"Appendix D Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12946.
×
Page 64
Controlling Cost Growth of NASA Earth and Space Science Missions Get This Book
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Cost and schedule growth is a problem experienced by many types of projects in many fields of endeavor. Based on prior studies of cost growth in NASA and Department of Defense projects, this book identifies specific causes of cost growth associated with NASA Earth and space science missions and provides guidance on how NASA can overcome these specific problems.

The recommendations in this book focus on changes in NASA policies that would directly reduce or eliminate the cost growth of Earth and space science missions. Large cost growth is a concern for Earth and space science missions, and it can be a concern for other missions as well. If the cost growth is large enough, it can create liquidity problems for NASA's Science Mission Directorate that in turn cause cost profile changes and development delays that amplify the overall cost growth for other concurrent and/or pending missions. Addressing cost growth through the allocation of artificially high reserves is an inefficient use of resources because it unnecessarily diminishes the portfolio of planned flights. The most efficient use of resources is to establish realistic budgets and reserves and effective management processes that maximize the likelihood that mission costs will not exceed reserves. NASA is already taking action to reduce cost growth; additional steps, as recommended herein, will help improve NASA's mission planning process and achieve the goal of ensuring frequent mission opportunities for NASA Earth and space science.

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