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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Index*

A

Academic careers

(see also Faculty)

case study, 184-185

educational attainment of RNs in, 25

first degree at entry into the profession and, 183-186

incentives for, 187, 188

RN workforce, 24, 388

salary disparities, 13, 186-187

Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses, 325, 364

Access to care, 27

regulatory barriers, 99, 102, 106, 107, 463

technology and, 64

Accountable care organizations (ACOs), 9, 30, 95, 131, 132, 148, 255-256, 277, 375-376, 380-381, 389-390, 391, 396, 559

Accreditation Commission for Midwifery Education, 325, 328 n.3, 340 n.11, 341 n.13, 362, 364

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, 201

Acute care

(see also Hospitals), 37

Agile Team Model, 414-415

practice transformation, 29-30

quality of, 27, 300, 485

recommendations, 416-417

technology and, 30, 415-417

workforce, 386-387, 388-389

Acute Care Forum on the Future of Nursing

highlights, 316-318

interdisciplinary collaboration, 301

key themes, 317

safety and quality of care, 300

site visits and solutions session, 317-318

technology, 300

testimony questions, 300-301

Admissions, inpatient

assessments by APRNs, 10, 278, 444, 473

care management programs and, 27, 377, 378, 379-380, 390, 395-396

graduation of nurses coordinated with, 264

to hospice or skilled nursing facility, 274, 278, 444, 473

palliative care models and, 425

readmissions, 27, 66, 70, 71, 379-380, 395-396, 416, 421

telehealth services and, 416, 421

Advanced dental hygiene practitioner, 107, 110

*

Pages 375-642 are not printed in this report but can be found on the CD-ROM in the back of this book.

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Advanced Practice Nursing Consensus Work Group, 327

Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs)

(see also Certified registered nurse anesthetists;

Certified nurse midwives;

Clinical nurse specialists;

Consensus model for APRN regulation;

Nurse practitioners)

ACA and, 22-23

and access to care, 27-28, 98, 107, 108-109, 249, 463, 490

accountable care organizations, 132

case studies, 107, 108-109

certification, 98, 328

chronic disease management, 86, 121, 124, 332, 418-420, 452

competencies, 97, 197

costs of education, 168, 169

earnings, 43

economic value of, 486

education and training, 41-42, 43, 44, 98, 124, 144, 164, 168, 169, 194, 195, 196-197, 203, 328, 445-446, 470-471

funding for, 124, 470-471

growing use of, 98

hospital privileges and medical staff membership, 473

insurance company policies, 9, 10, 71, 117

interprofessional collaboration, 98, 131, 203, 226-227

licensure, 100, 101-103, 327-328

opposition to independent practice, 107-108, 457-460

patient satisfaction, 114

practice transformation, 10, 97, 98-103, 106, 108-109, 112, 142, 144, 145, 248

primary care, 10, 22-23, 55, 59, 88, 95, 132

production rates, 490

public awareness of, 112, 455

recommendations, 9-11

regulatory barriers, 5, 10, 59, 96, 97, 99, 102, 103, 108, 144, 248, 444, 446-451

reimbursement/payment policies, 9, 10, 71, 102-103, 104, 115, 446, 449, 471-472

residencies, 124

safety and quality of care, 92, 98-99, 111, 144, 490

scope of practice, 10, 23, 26, 43, 44, 55, 59, 70-71, 97-98, 101, 106, 112, 142, 248, 443, 473

specialties, 23, 26, 41-42, 88 n.2, 97-98, 327, 328, 329

visibility in surveys and coding, assessment, or benchmark schema, 469-470

workforce size, 23, 26, 327, 390

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

access to primary care, 22, 49, 54, 86, 88, 96, 108, 136, 257, 269

accountable care organizations, 131, 132, 148

Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, 131

clinical training for APRNs, 124

community health centers, 131, 133

coordination of care, 65, 148

demonstration projects and pilot programs, 71, 239, 491

education funding, 491

faculty incentives, 187, 188

home visitation programs, 75

insurance coverage for uninsured Americans, 1-2, 21, 49, 257, 269, 272

medical/health homes, 131, 132, 148

National Center for Workforce Analysis, 9, 256, 262

National Health Care Workforce Commission, 9, 255, 256, 262, 265

NMHCs, 131, 136

nursing-related provisions, 22, 34

reimbursement rates for nurses, 10, 278

research priorities, 274

and scope-of-practice regulations, 29, 96, 106

structural changes in health care, 85, 86, 213

transitional care, 71, 148

workforce monitoring, 265

African Americans, 55, 56, 57, 68, 128, 129, 130, 138, 184, 199, 208, 228-229, 231, 232, 247, 429, 585, 631

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 238, 239, 392, 394

Aging population, 48, 66

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

AIDS (see HIV/AIDS)

Alabama, 157, 356, 357, 358, 359

Alaska, 157

Alliance for APRN Credentialing, 341, 343 n.14, 344 n.17

Alper, Robyn, 176

Ambulatory care, 3, 23, 24, 25, 38, 43, 91, 119, 204, 205, 331, 382, 383, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 393, 471, 486, 490, 537

American Academy of Family Physicians, 110-111, 134, 455 n.8, 557

American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 424

American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), 325, 336, 358, 359, 362

American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Program, 325, 344 n.17, 358, 359, 361, 362, 366

American Academy of Nursing, 245

American Academy of Pediatrics, 134, 457, 458

American Assembly for Men in Nursing, 209

American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), 121, 123, 135, 170, 171-172, 182, 188, 194-195, 198 n.15, 200, 206, 224, 245, 287, 325, 343-344, 358, 359, 361, 364, 366, 496, 507, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 519, 528, 532, 533, 544, 552, 561

American of Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, 206

American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, 206

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN), 325, 358, 359

American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Certification Corporation, 325, 344 n.17

American Association of Legal Nurse Consultants, 325

American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, 325, 358, 359, 361, 362, 364, 366

American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), 106, 251, 286

American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation, 557

American Board of Nursing Specialties (ABNS), 325, 328 n.4, 337 n.6, 340 n.10, 358, 362, 364

Accreditation Council, 359

American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM), 325, 344 n.17, 358, 359, 361, 362, 364

Division of Accreditation, 364

American College of Nurse Practitioners, 325, 358, 362, 364

American College of Physicians, 557

American Dental Association, 107, 110, 206

American Holistic Nurses Association, 325, 358, 364

American Immigration Council, 630

American Indians/Alaska Natives, 128, 129, 208

American Medical Association (AMA), 105, 110, 455 n.8, 457, 458 n.7

American Midwifery Certification Board, 197, 325, 358, 359

American Nurses Association (ANA), 27, 109, 171, 208, 245, 325, 329, 338, 344, 354, 358, 361, 362, 364, 366, 371

American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), 196, 325, 336, 344, 358, 359, 362, 364, 366

Magnet Recognition Program, 171, 244

American Organization of Nurse Executives (AONE), 171-172, 235, 245, 358, 359, 361, 362, 364, 366, 485, 528, 531, 586

American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 325, 358, 362, 364, 366

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), 133, 137, 375, 472

American Society of Anesthesiologists, 110, 457, 458

Anesthetists/anesthesiology (see Certified registered nurse anesthetists)

Arizona, 120, 157, 211, 599, 603, 614

Arkansas

Aging Initiative, 226-227

practice regulations, 157

State Board of Nursing, 325, 355, 356, 357, 359

Armenia, 575

Ascension Health, 211

Asian or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 128, 129

Association of Academic Health Centers, 169, 394, 462-463, 552, 560

Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), 203, 206, 287

Association of Schools of Public Health, 206

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Association of Teachers of Preventive Medicine, 560

Associate’s degree in nursing

advantages, 489

barriers to program admission, 166

BSN graduates relative to, 505-506

case studies, 180-181, 232

costs, 168, 370-371, 489

data needs, 482, 508

earnings, 43, 171, 172

education/preparation, 40, 43, 44, 165, 166, 168, 177, 232, 247, 369, 370-371, 553, 578, 579

employment settings, 25

ethnic minorities, 207, 208, 232

faculty, 187, 188, 371

foreign programs, 578-579

geographic differences, 178

and leadership positions, 247

licensure exam, 372, 488-489

physician opinions of, 171

practice regulations, 371

qualified applicants not accepted, 182

recommendations, 508

roles and responsibilities, 43

state preferences for investment in, 488-489, 506

statistics, 167, 171, 178, 182, 186, 372

transition to higher degree programs, 7, 12, 39, 40, 44, 130, 166, 173, 174-175, 177, 183-186, 187, 208, 281, 488-489, 506, 507

Association of Faculties of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, 325, 344 n.17, 362, 364, 366

Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses, 325, 358, 359, 362, 364, 365

Austin, Mary, 69

Australia, 190, 192, 573, 590, 598, 603, 607, 628

Ayers, Lisa, 62-63

B

Baby Boom generation, 48, 125, 259, 387, 424

Baccalaureate degree (see Bachelor’s of science in nursing;

Undergraduate education)

Bachelor’s of science in nursing (BSN;

see also Undergraduate education)

accelerated, second-degree program, 44, 165, 168, 233, 369, 371, 406, 484, 507, 523

ADN graduates relative to, 505-506

ADN transition to, 7, 12, 39, 40, 44, 130, 166, 171, 173, 174-175, 177, 183-186, 187, 208, 281, 406, 487, 488, 506, 507

applications for admission, 31, 193

barriers to meeting educational needs, 166, 179-193

capacity building for, 176-178, 180-181, 196, 210-211, 482, 484, 538, 539

case studies and profiles, 60-63, 73-74, 174-176, 180-181, 184-185, 192-193, 204-205, 232-233

community college programs, 173, 174, 175-176, 177-178, 180-181, 371, 406, 482, 489, 492, 505, 519, 538, 539-540

community health curriculum, 122

costs, 168, 371

data needs, 482

Diploma nursing program transition, 12, 44, 166, 171, 173, 187, 281, 370, 518, 597

earnings, 43, 171, 172, 187

economic value to institutions, 485-486

education/preparation, 40-41, 43, 44, 165, 369, 371, 512, 524, 608, 612

employment settings, 25, 171, 175

faculty, 173, 179, 182-188, 210, 211, 371, 440, 480, 484, 486, 487-488, 489

foreign requirements and programs, 489, 567, 568-569, 571, 572, 576, 579, 583, 584-585, 590, 591, 592, 595, 596, 599, 600, 608, 610, 612, 615, 617, 618, 620, 628

funding for programs, 12, 175-176, 281, 482, 484-489, 492

gender diversity, 507

geographic differences, 178

internship/residency, 122, 123-124, 148, 513, 559

leadership training, 224

licensure exam, 372

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

as minimum requirement to practice, 169-178, 287, 371, 409-410, 412, 435, 479, 485, 524, 553, 568-569

minorities, 130, 207, 208, 232-233, 585

need for, 169-178

nursing school capacity, 487

physician opinions of, 171

prerequisites, 524

qualified applicants not accepted, 130, 182, 193, 487, 537

and quality and outcomes of care, 169-170, 406, 485-486, 505-506, 512, 538

recommendations, 12, 13, 281-282, 412, 481, 482, 484, 508, 524, 559

roles and responsibilities, 41, 43, 67, 170

school nurses, 435

shortage-related impacts, 485, 486-489

standardizing education, 489

statistics, 166-167, 178, 186, 196, 372

titles of nurses from other countries, 577

transition to higher degree programs, 7, 12, 13, 39, 40-41, 43, 44, 123-124, 130, 170, 173-176, 177, 181, 185-186, 204-205, 208, 281, 282, 480, 484, 487, 488-489, 506-507, 518, 523, 524, 538, 597

trends, 166-167, 196

workforce goal and plans for achieving it, 172-177, 212, 412

Basin, Basilia, 174-175

Becnel, Tina, 74

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, 51

Benner, Patricia, 287

Bessent, Hattie, 208

Best on Board, 243

Beverly, Claudia J., 225

Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation, 204

Board of Certification for Emergency Nursing, 358, 359, 364

Bologna Process, 569, 572-573

Boston College, 88

Brazil, 577

Breakthrough to Nursing initiative, 232

Bronx Community College, 247

Brown, Gordon, 287

Bureau of Indian Affairs, 103

Bureau of Primary Health Care, 430

Burke, Sheila, 246-247

Bush Administration, 133, 247

C

Caceres, Billy, 233

California

nurse workforce, 61, 211, 382, 383, 583, 590, 596, 599, 610, 612

nursing education, 176, 181, 265

On Lok program, 65

scope-of-practice regulation, 111, 157

California Medical Association, 111

California Society of Anesthesiologists, 111

Cameroons, 573

Campaign for Nursing’s Future, 125

Campbell, Margaret, 425

Canada, 203, 485, 553, 568, 569 n.5, 572, 574, 575, 577, 580, 582, 590, 599-603, 607, 608-609

Care in the Community Forum

highlights, 124, 318-320

key themes, 318-319

site visits and solutions session, 319-320

testimony questions, 302-303

Care management models

(see also Health coaches)

accountable care organizations, 9, 30, 95, 131, 132, 148, 255-256, 277, 375-376, 380-381, 389-390, 391, 396, 559

impact of health care reform, 376-381

information technology and, 378, 381, 382, 384-386

patient-centered medical homes, 94, 117, 132, 134-135, 248, 377-379, 381, 511

payment policy and, 378, 380, 386, 389, 392

recommendations, 391-396

successful features of programs, 377

transitional care, 24, 27, 37, 66, 67, 70-71, 86, 94, 121, 124, 132, 148, 199, 276-277, 375, 378, 380, 381, 388, 389, 390, 393, 395-396, 541, 545, 557, 559

Caribbean, 614-618

Caribbean Community and Common Market, 628

Capps, Lois, 247

Carmona, Richard, 247

Carnegie, Elizabeth, 228-229

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Carnegie Foundation, 121, 164-165, 287, 386, 395, 480, 484, 512, 517, 523, 536, 537, 538, 541, 542, 544, 545, 546, 551

Carondelet Health Network, 120, 211

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 120, 146-147

Center for Collaborative Intervention Research, 184

Center for the Health Professions, 199

Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation, 11, 131, 279, 379, 392, 462

Center to Advance Palliative Care, 424, 425

Center to Champion Nursing in America, 176, 251, 286

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 418

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 12, 27, 105, 111, 238, 246, 247, 279, 280

(see also Medicare)

Care Transitions Project, 379-380

education funding, 124, 471, 490-491

National Provider Indicator data, 262

recommendations for, 9, 10

reimbursement system, 115

and scope-of-practice restrictions, 5, 9, 111, 145

technology development incentives, 137

testing payment and service delivery models, 131

Centura Health At Home, 420-421

Certification programs, evaluation criteria and APRNs, 349-353

Certified nurse midwives, 23, 327

(see also Advanced practice registered nurses)

and access to care, 116, 506

case study, 56-58

certification, 196, 197, 333

complexity of services, 88, 90

and cost containment, 28, 97, 443

demand for, 506

earnings, 43, 188

education and training, 43, 44, 196, 333, 340 n.11, 509

foreign perspective, 572

licensure, 332, 333, 338

malpractice insurance, 58

as Medicaid primary care case managers, 471

opposition to independent practice, 111

primary care, 381-382

public awareness of, 455

regulations, 96, 108, 248, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 338

reimbursement rates/policies, 58, 104, 116

safety and quality of care, 28, 56-58, 97, 443, 533

scope-of-practice, 26, 41-42, 43, 96, 112, 116, 248, 331

support for expanded scope of practice, 112

workforce size and distribution, 26, 257, 381-382

Certified nursing assistants (CNAs), 38, 75, 591

Certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs), 23, 88 n.2, 327

(see also Advanced practice registered nurses)

certification, 196, 197, 336

earnings, 43, 188

education and training, 43, 44, 196, 197, 339, 509

licensure, 101, 330, 332, 333, 336

Medicare/Medicaid regulations, 109, 111, 471

opposition to independent practice, 457, 458

practice settings, 41

public awareness of, 455

regulations, 96, 101, 108, 109, 111, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335, 444, 448, 454

reimbursement for services, 471

safety and quality of care, 97, 533

scope-of-practice, 26, 41, 43, 96, 108, 109, 111, 443, 444, 448, 454, 455

specialty area, 335

workforce size, 26

CGFNS International

creation, 582 n.8

Credentials Evaluation Service, 640

Credentials Verification Service, 640

description of, 640

joint CGFNS/Excelsior College study, 587

Qualifying Exam®, 574, 618

survey/study data, 566-567, 568, 582, 583, 584, 585, 589

Validity Studies, 574

VisaScreen Program, 590, 596, 599, 603, 607-608, 612, 613, 618, 624, 631, 640

Changemaker program, 130

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Charge to committee, 2, 3

Chater, Shirley, 247

Chief nursing officers (CNOs), 8, 52, 69, 133, 134, 235-238, 251, 410

Children’s Health Fund, 419

Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, 424

Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, 230

China, 566, 575, 578, 607, 610-612, 620, 621-622

Chow, Marilyn, 91

Christopher, Mary Ann, 236-237

Christus St. Michael Health System, 226

Chronic disease management

(see also Home health;

Hospice;

Palliative care;

Transitional care)

access to care, 27, 483

accountable care organizations and, 132

APRNs and, 86, 121, 124, 332, 418-420, 452

challenges, 47-48

community health services, 237, 246, 272, 318, 319, 389, 418-420, 450

continuity of care, 402

coordination of care, 66, 87, 94, 97, 483, 484, 486, 556, 557

costs of, 248

education of nurses for, 170, 175, 200, 213, 395, 485, 540, 543

guided care, 94-95

information technology and, 415-416, 420-421

intensive primary care, 419

medical/health homes, 133, 377-379

models, 376-381, 418-422, 452

nurse-managed health centers, 139, 420

patient-centered care, 86

recommendations, 421

residency programs, 121, 124, 545

self-management, 95, 428-429

team approach, 97, 206, 378, 428-429, 521, 554, 557

transitional care, 276-277, 380, 389, 395-396

VA services, 91

Cigna, 93

City University of New York, 176

Clinical nurse leaders (CNLs), 44, 72, 135, 180

Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs), 23, 88 n.2

and access to care, 506

certification, 196, 197, 333, 334, 339

demand for, 506

earnings, 43, 188

education and training, 43, 44, 196, 197, 339, 509, 518, 558

licensure, 332, 333, 338, 339

regulations, 96, 108, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 338, 444

safety and quality of care, 443, 533

scope-of-practice, 26, 41, 43, 96, 112, 331, 443, 444

specialty areas, 41, 335

workforce size and distribution, 26, 533

Clinton Administration, 247

Clostridium difficile, 70

Coleman’s Care Transitions Model, 380

Collaboration (see Interprofessional collaboration)

Colleagues in Caring, 401

Colorado, 75, 141, 157, 359, 420, 430, 463

Columbia, 575, 577

Columbia University, 532

Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), 12, 13-14, 203, 281, 282, 325, 328 n.3, 341 n.13, 344 n.17, 359, 362, 364, 366, 509, 510, 513

Commonwealth Fund, 251

Commonwealth Secretariat, 634

Community and public health care

(see also Care in the Community Forum; Primary care)

access to care, 28, 30, 64

case study, 62-63

chronic disease management, 237, 246, 272, 318, 319, 389, 418-420, 450

competencies needed to practice, 6, 39

defined, 59

economic value of nurses, 62-63, 64

education, 25, 40

essential community providers, 473

evidence-based models, 438

foreign-educated nurses, 576

growth in, 381-382

home visitation programs, 73-75, 438-439

leadership, 234-235

need for, 59, 62-64

nurses, 6, 25, 40, 28, 30, 39, 55, 59, 62-63, 64, 234-235

practice settings, 23, 24, 39, 59

principles for change, 59, 62-64

safety and quality of care, 6, 64

telehealth services, 64

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

VA programs, 64

workforce and infrastructure, 24, 59, 62-64, 119, 382

Community and public health settings, 3, 23, 24, 38, 64, 122, 131, 133, 257, 319, 382, 430, 490

Community Care of North Carolina, 379

Community Health Center, Inc., 124

Community college programs

ADNs, 40, 44, 166, 232, 247, 370-371, 553, 578, 579

attrition/completion rates, 212

BSNs, 173, 177-178, 180-181, 371, 482, 489, 492, 505, 519, 538, 539-540

cost of education, 370-371

curriculum standardization, 406, 407, 479, 539-543

Diploma programs, 44

funding for nursing education, 489, 491, 492

importance of, 538

international affiliations with, 579

internship/residency, 122

interprofessional collaboration barriers, 522

length of programs, 523

LPNs, 39, 44

recommendations, 538, 539-540

RNs, 23, 39, 44, 166

university partnerships with, 173, 174-175, 406, 479, 505, 519, 536, 538, 539-540

Community Health Accreditation Program, 12, 280

Community health centers, 133

Como Convivir Con Su Artritis (How to Live With Your Arthritis), 428-429

Compensation/reimbursement policies, 22

ACA and, 10, 278

APRNs, 9, 10, 71, 115

bundled payments, 116

CNMs, 58, 104, 116

CRNAs, 471

fee-for-service, 10, 92, 103, 115, 116, 278, 465

global payments, 116

Medicaid, 471

NPs, 102-103, 104, 110 n.17, 115, 116-117, 389, 431, 464, 465, 471

primary care, 10, 117

state variation in, 4, 102-103

Competencies

clinical performance, 14

community and public health, 6

geriatrics, 6

for leadership roles, 6, 8, 223-224, 226-227

policy related, 6

traditional, 24

Competency-based education

assessing competencies, 32, 201-202

career transition program, 204-205

continuing education, 13-14, 32, 202, 204-205

core competencies, 31, 200-201

evaluation of programs, 14

interprofessional education, 7, 13, 14, 31, 32, 203, 206

lifelong learning and continuing competence, 13-14, 31, 202-206

recommendations, 13-14

Congress, recommendations to, 9-10, 278

Congressional Budget Office, 92, 377

Congressional Nursing Caucus, 247

Connecticut, 157

Connecticut Hospice, 423

Consensus model for APRN regulation

accreditation of education programs, 339-340

APRN Consensus Group, 341, 343-345

APRN Joint Dialogue Group, 327, 341, 345-346, 361

certification, 340, 349-353

certified nurse-midwife, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 338, 340 n.11

certified nurse practitioner, 328-329, 330, 332, 333-334, 335, 336, 338, 339

certified registered nurse anesthetist, 327, 328, 330, 332, 333, 335, 336, 339

clinical nurse specialist, 327, 328, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 338, 339

communication strategies, 341

definition of APRN, 329-332

education requirements, 106, 334-335, 340-341

endorsing organizations, 325-326

essential elements, 329, 346

evidence-based models, 428-430

foundational requirements, 338-341

goals, 106

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

grandfathering, 338

historical background, 342-346

implementation strategies, 338-342

invited organizations, 362-363

LACE structure and processes, 341-342

licensure, 338-339

NCSBN APRN Committee, 342-343, 355-357

NCSBN APRN Roundtable Organization, 358-360

overview, 328-329

participating organizations, 364-366

process example, 367

recommendations, 430-431

roles and population foci, 337

roundtable organization attendance lists, 358-360

specialties, 335-336, 354

timeline for implementation, 342

titling, 332, 334

underlying assumptions, 345-346

Work Group meetings, 366

Consortium for Children with Complex Medical Needs, 230

Continuity of care, 402

Convenient care clinics (see Retail/convenient care)

Cooper, Barbara Medoff, 143

Coordination of care

(see also Care management)

and access to care, 27, 30

acute care settings, 66

case studies, 68-71

chronic disease management, 66, 87, 94, 97, 483, 484, 486, 556, 557

education in, 556-559

innovations by nurses, 94

Medicare Coordinated Care Demonstration program, 66

Medicare Prescription Drug Act and, 377

nursing practice model and, 386

principles for change, 65-66

Staff Nurse Care Coordination model, 65-66

teamlet model, 558

Transitional Care Model, 66, 70-71, 276-277, 380, 557

Cost of nursing education, 168-169, 370-371

Council for Higher Education Accreditation, 328 n.3, 334, 337, 341

Council on Accreditation of Nurse Anesthesia Educational Programs, 325, 328 n.3, 340 n.11, 341 n.13, 344 n.17, 358, 359, 362, 364, 366

Council on Certification of Nurse Anesthetists, 359

Council on Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists, 359

Coyne, Patrick, 425

Critical care nurses, 39, 146, 425, 584, 587, 631

Curran, Connie, 243

Curriculum

community health, 122

coordination of care, 556-559

dedicated education units, 190, 192-193, 211, 410, 412, 513, 544

development, 7, 13, 190-191

global health, 567, 570

health policy, 412, 560, 559-562

innovations, 409-413

international models, 567, 569-570

interprofessional/transdisciplinary, 410, 555, 558, 559

for leadership development, 8, 11, 14, 241-244, 494-504

recommendations, 411-412

science and research as part of, 411, 412

standardization, 406, 407, 479, 489, 539-543, 569-570

technology-infused, 410, 411-412

D

Daines, Richard, 23

Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, 380

Data for workforce planning

gaps in, 8-9, 259-263

HRSA registered nurse sample survey, 15

infrastructure, 9, 14-15, 255, 256, 262, 265, 283

key message, 4, 8, 29, 33-34, 255

priorities, 9

recommendations, 14-15, 393-394, 283

standards, 15

state collection of, 14-15

Delaware, 157

Demographic challenges, 124-131

aging workforce, 125-127

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Denmark, 571, 573

Department of Defense, 392

Department of Education, 13, 281, 328 n.3, 334, 337, 341 n.13, 470, 491, 492

Department of Health and Human Services, 71, 131, 171, 247, 280, 392, 491

Department of Justice Antitrust Division, 10, 279

Department of Labor, 13, 14, 15, 282, 283, 284, 486, 582 n.8

Department of Veterans Affairs

analysis of workforce needs, 256

community care, 64, 91, 132-135

nursing practice transformation, 72, 91-92, 132-135

quality of care, 170

Dermatology Nurses Association, 325, 364

Dermatology Nursing Certification Board, 325

Detroit Receiving Hospital, 425

DeVry, 405

Diabetes, 47, 51, 65, 67, 68, 70, 92 n.6, 94, 112, 114, 134, 139, 184, 249, 376, 418, 420, 432

Diagnosis-related groups, 247

Diploma nursing programs

advantage, 370

data needs, 508

demographic characteristics, 178, 370

earnings, 43, 171, 172, 187

education/preparation time, 43, 44, 165, 369, 523, 572, 599, 615

employment settings, 25

faculty, 187

foreign-educated nurses in U.S., 583, 584-585, 608, 621

foreign programs, 571, 572, 573-574, 575, 576, 577, 578, 579-580, 590-591, 596, 597, 599-600, 604, 608, 610, 614-615, 618, 619, 620, 628

freestanding schools of nursing, 523

funding, 12, 124, 176, 280, 491, 520

hospital-based, 124, 166, 369, 491, 518, 522, 615

licensure exam, 372, 573-574, 608

LPNs, 166, 372

minorities, 208, 370

number of programs, 166-167

phasing out, 12, 175-176, 280

practice regulations, 574, 580

proportion of nurses, 503

recommendations, 12, 280, 281, 508

RNs, 23, 25, 39, 40, 166, 167, 171, 172, 173, 186, 370, 372, 518, 576, 584-585, 620

roles and responsibilities, 43

statistics, 167, 178, 186, 187, 208, 370, 372, 491, 518, 608, 620, 621

and transition to higher degree programs, 12, 44, 166, 171, 173, 187, 281, 370, 518, 597

Disaster services, 28, 235

Discharge nurses, 93-94

Diversity of population, 48

Doctoral degrees in nursing

accelerated programs, 265, 322, 405, 482, 484, 488, 489

and access to care, 195

barriers to meeting educational needs, 199, 518-519

clinical training, 197, 199

costs, 168

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), 7, 42, 43, 44, 168, 183, 188, 194-195, 196, 197, 411, 412, 480, 508-510, 511, 519-520, 532, 559

Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing (PhD), 7, 42, 43, 44, 130, 168, 183, 188, 194, 195, 196, 198, 265, 403, 411, 480, 484, 487-488, 489, 517-521, 532, 561-562

earnings, 43, 172, 186-187, 282, 529

education/preparation time, 41, 43, 44, 187, 194-195, 196, 197, 199, 509-510, 532, 599

employment settings, 25, 42, 185, 194

enrollments, 532

faculty, 13, 164, 170, 179, 183, 185, 188, 194, 195, 197, 265, 276, 282, 480, 484, 487-488, 489, 519, 520-521, 529

foreign-educated nurses, 568, 608, 621, 628

funding for programs, 13, 282, 481, 484, 520

health policy curricula, 560, 561-562

internships, 183

interprofessional collaboration, 555

need for, 164, 170, 212, 411

pathways/transition to, 7, 13, 44, 282, 480, 482, 484, 488, 489, 507, 509-510, 518

prerequisites, 409

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

and quality and outcomes of care, 195

racial/ethnic diversity, 207, 208, 233, 276, 281

recommendations, 13, 281-282, 411, 412, 481, 482, 484, 511, 519-520, 559, 562

researchers, 164, 194, 195, 197-198, 276, 412, 517-518, 532

roles and responsibilities, 7, 43, 195, 196, 197

specialist preparation, 480, 508-509

statistics, 178, 186, 196

shortage-related impacts, 197-198

workforce size and distribution, 178, 186, 194, 195, 517-518

Dole, Robert, 246

Dominican Republic, 575

Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, 224

Drexel University, 138-139, 320

Duke Translational Nursing Institute, 532-533

Dumas, Rhetaugh, 247

Dworkin, Darren, 147

E

Eastern, Central and Southern African College of Nursing, 628

Eastern Europe, 572, 575, 578

Economic value of nurses

accounting practices and, 445

BSNs, 485-486

community and public health nurses, 62-63, 64, 75

patient-centered care, 54, 57

seamless, coordinated care, 65

Edge Runner program, 245

Education and training

(see also Competency-based education;

Curriculum;

Education Forum on the Future of Nursing;

Graduate nursing education;

Undergraduate nursing education;

International education models)

accreditation criteria, 470

capacity building, 7, 264-265

Carondolet Health Network, 211

challenges, 390, 484-484

chronic disease management, 170, 175, 200, 213, 395, 485, 540, 543

consortium programs, 7

cost-effectiveness, 485-486

diversity issues, 7, 12, 207-209

employment settings by, 23, 25

entrepreneurial professional development, 11

federal funding, 10, 13, 484, 490-491, 492

HEET program, 211-212

incentives for continuing, 12, 31, 173, 187, 212, 304, 305, 438, 440, 482, 484, 489, 492, 520, 524

interdisciplinary, 406

interprofessional care, 6, 7, 13, 14, 31, 32, 165, 198, 200, 201, 203, 206, 270, 276, 281, 282, 390, 396, 479, 480, 481, 482, 496, 508, 513, 517, 521-523, 539, 540-541, 545, 551, 552, 553-556, 558, 561, 563

interstate collaborations, 406-407

key message, 4, 6, 29, 30-32, 34, 163

for leadership roles and opportunities, 8, 12, 14

need for, 4, 6-7

partnerships for, 401-407, 412, 527-529, 537, 579

pathways, 6, 7, 12

policy priorities, 483-493

recommendations, 10, 12-14, 407, 411-412, 484, 508, 511, 513-514, 528-529, 559

research, 198, 276

and safety and quality of care, 568

service delivery models, 527-529

technology applications, 7, 12

transformational partnerships, 404-408

Veterans Affairs Nursing Academy, 210-211

Education Forum on the Future of Nursing

forum questions and discussions, 304-305

highlights of forum, 320-322

key themes, 320-321

site visits and solutions session, 321-322

testimony questions, 304-305

Egypt, 579

Electronic health records (EHRs), 94, 124, 134, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 381, 384, 385, 386, 402, 415, 419, 438, 472, 513, 558

11th Street Family Health Services, 138-139, 320

Emergency Nurses Association, 325, 358, 359, 362, 364

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Emergency room visits, 28, 54, 55, 69, 227, 237, 248, 378, 379, 425, 430

End-of-life care, 37, 39

Engelberg Center for Health Care Reform, 380, 462

Environmental health, 39, 62, 63, 64

Eritrea, 579

Ethiopia, 577

European Higher Education Area, 569 n.1

European Union, 569, 572-573, 627-628

Evans, Lois, 229

Excelsior College, 209, 587

Expenditures for health care, 2, 22, 131, 145, 169, 248, 483, 490

F

Faculty

(see also Academic careers)

aging of, 7, 31, 127, 179, 182-188, 486

appointment and promotion criteria, 529-530

capacity-building initiatives, 13, 31, 265, 282, 484, 488

certification, 529

continuing professional development, 14

demand projections, 187-188

education pathways, 43, 44, 179, 183, 185, 188, 194, 265, 412, 484, 487-488, 489

foreign shortages, 572

impacts of BSN shortages on, 486, 487-488

loan forgiveness incentives, 488

need for, 164

recommendations, 282, 484

salaries, 13, 282, 488, 518, 529

shortages of, 7, 31, 170, 173, 179, 181, 182-188, 189, 193, 212, 265, 276, 288, 404, 411, 438, 486, 487, 488, 489, 507, 508, 516, 517, 529, 537, 544, 572

Family Health and Birth Center (FHBC), 28, 54, 56-58, 229

Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, 5, 10, 105, 279, 472

Federal government

and practice-related reforms, 103-105

Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 5, 10-11, 105, 145, 279, 470

Federally qualified health centers, 124, 138-139, 430, 472

Federation of State Medical Boards, 459

Ferrell, Betty, 424

Flinter, Margaret, 124

Florida, 64, 157, 177, 180-181, 228, 229, 382, 383, 492, 583, 590, 596, 603, 614

Florida International University

Foreign-educated nurses in U.S. workforce

(see also International models of nursing;

International nurse migrations;

specific countries)

acclimation/acculturation, 584, 588-589

aging of workforce, 602-603, 607

baccalaureate education, 489, 567, 568-569, 571, 572, 576, 579, 583, 584-585, 590, 591, 592, 595, 596, 599, 600, 608, 610, 612, 615, 617, 618, 620, 628

curriculum, 567, 569-570

education issues and challenges, 568-573, 585-586

educational investment in, 567, 568, 585-586

employment settings and patterns, 583-584, 585, 594

English language proficiency, 569 n.1, 584, 586, 587

job satisfaction, 584

medication/pharmacology knowledge, 587

monitoring and tracking system, 567-568, 570

NCLEX examination statistics, 575

origins, 582, 590-621

racial/ethnic differences, 585

recruitment of, 598

remittances, 66, 595, 633

safe practice, 589

technology proficiency, 587

titles of nurses, 576, 577

transition to U.S. practice, 586-587

variation in health care system and, 587

workforce size and distribution, 583-586

Forums on the Future of Nursing

acute care, 300-301, 316-318

care in the community, 302-303, 318-320

education, 304-305, 320-322

Fragmentation of health care system

proposals to address, 116

and realizing value of nurses, 115

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Free Trade Accords of the Americas, 627-628

Freidson, Eliot, 97 n.1, 452 n.1, 455

Freire, Paulo, 418

Fresno City College, 579

Front-line nurses, leadership roles, 234

G

Geisinger Health System, 91, 92-93, 95, 131, 380

Gender diversity, 127-128, 209

General Agreement of Trade in Services, 626

General Undifferentiated Medical Practice (GUMP), 453

George Foundation, 265

George Washington University, 197, 240-241, 288, 358, 364

Georgetown University, 247

Georgia, 158, 229, 614

Geriatric Resources for Assessment and Care for Elders (GRACE), 378-379

Geriatrics, 6, 41, 66, 97, 168, 190, 197, 226-227, 233, 256, 332, 387, 478, 540-541, 555, 558

Germany, 578, 580, 585, 603

Gerontological Advanced Practice Nurses Association, 325

Gerrity, Patricia, 138-139

Goldmark Report, 286

Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, 242, 265

Government Accountability Office, 14, 15, 54, 257, 283, 284

Governance Institute, 236

Graduate nursing education

(see also Master’s degree;

Doctoral degrees)

APRN preparation, 196-197

barriers to, 31, 179

competencies, 31

degree statistics, 194-196

and employment settings, 25

funding, 13, 470-471, 484, 489, 490-491

recommendations for, 13

for researchers, 197-199

Great Society Program, 490

Guided care model, 94-95, 378

Gulf Coast Health Services Steering Committee, 183, 264-265

H

Hall-Long, Bethany, 246

Hampton-Penn Center to Reduce Health Disparities, 429

Hancock, Ray, 146-147

Haney, Kenya D., 232-233

Hansen-Turton, Tine, 249

Harambee Nursing Center, 128-129, 130

Hartford Center of Geriatric Nursing Excellence, 225

Harvard University, 247

Hawaii, 158, 176, 406, 539

Health, defined, 37

Health care

defined, 37

spending, 50

Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act (see Affordable Care Act)

Health care delivery reforms

(see also Practice transformation;

Principles for change)

aging population and, 48, 49

anticompetitive behavior monitoring, 470

best practices model, 468-469

care management models, 11, 376-381

care versus cure debate, 446

challenges, 47-48, 49, 386-396

chronic conditions and, 47-48

comparative effectiveness research, 484, 485

competencies of nurses, 6, 24-25

and demand for nurses, 376-386

dimensions of the problem, 444-460

diversity of nursing practice and, 444-445

diversity of population and, 48

economic factors, 50, 62, 63-64, 445

educational pathways to licensure and, 445-446, 470-471

federal role in reforms, 5, 103-105, 466-472

health disparities and, 48

ideal system, 466-468

impediments to change, 451-460

incentives for states, 469-470

innovator role of nurses, 66, 67, 72, 87

Institute of Medicine reports, 461

interprofessional collaboration, 49

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

legislative inertia and scope of practice fatigue, 456-457

linguistically and culturally relevant, 48, 49, 54

national priorities, 468

nurse-specific contextual factors, 444-446

Pew Commission report, 461

policies and process in workforce skill mix changes, 393

primary care capacity building, 381-382, 383, 463

public awareness, 455-456, 468

and quality of care, 49

RAND Corporation study, 463-466

recommendations, 391, 393-394, 395

reimbursement policies, 4, 9, 10, 71, 102-103, 115, 378, 380, 386, 389, 392, 446, 449

role of nurses in, 22-28

“safe and effective abilities” focus, 459-460

support for, 460-466

technology support for, 382, 384-386

Health Care Financing Administration, 110, 247

Health care system

challenges, 47-48

defined, 38

foreign-educated nurses’ adjustment to variation in, 587

fragmentation, 5, 21, 65, 86, 95-96, 114-116, 270, 377, 414, 497, 553, 556

nurses’ role in transforming, 2-4

vision for, 1-2, 22

Health Care Truth and Transparency Act of 2010, 111

Health coaches, 30, 51, 66, 67, 73-75, 76, 94, 95, 132, 380, 405, 465, 558

Health disparities, 48, 55, 128, 136, 138-139, 239, 289

Health information technology

accountable care organizations and, 381, 391

acute care scenarios, 415-416

adoption of, 382, 384-386

and chronic disease management, 415-416, 420-421

design and implementation by nurses, 11, 94, 143-144, 146-147, 280

education-related, 7, 190, 203, 206, 211, 290, 410, 513

electronic health records, 94, 124, 134, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 381, 384, 385, 386, 402, 415, 419, 438, 472, 513, 558

funding for, 137, 382, 384

interoperable digital networks, 137, 385, 389, 417

national infrastructure, 143, 376

outcome measuring, 141

patient-centered medical homes and, 378

practice transformation, 30, 93, 94, 137, 140, 142-143, 376, 384, 391

proficiency of foreign-educated nurses, 587

and quality, efficiency, and outcomes of care, 140-142, 386, 391

recommendations, 416-417

regulatory barriers, 451

remote patient monitoring, 137, 140, 385

research needs, 11, 275

telehealth services, 64, 136-137, 227, 236, 237, 276, 385-386, 402, 420-421, 451, 631

workforce roles and skill mix, 385, 391, 395

Health Information Technology Policy Committee, 472

Health policy

(see also specific policies)

compensation/reimbursement, 4, 102-103, 559-580

curriculum, 412, 560, 559-562

education priorities, 483-493

nurses’ role in making, 246-250, 424, 441, 560

recommendations, 562

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 12, 13, 14-15, 198, 239, 247, 257, 258, 262, 280, 281, 282, 283-284, 365, 367, 393-394, 396, 418, 420, 470, 491, 492, 513, 517

Health Students Taking Action Together (HealthSTAT), 229-230

Healthcare Integrity and Protection Data Bank, 109

Healthy Neighborhoods, 63

Healthy People 2010, 61

Healthy People Curriculum Task Force, 560

Hewitt Associates, 462

Hill, Connie, 230-231

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Hill, Martha, 429

Hispanics/Latinos, 60-61, 128, 129, 208, 231, 232, 264, 370, 420, 428-429, 585, 620, 631

HIV/AIDS, 64, 231, 247, 429, 555, 614, 616, 622

Hollinger, Paula, 247

Home health aides, 227, 595

Home health care services, 10, 38, 40, 41, 55, 62, 64, 114, 227, 230, 274, 278, 382, 416, 428, 447, 472-473

Home health nurses, 24, 25, 39, 41, 55, 93, 94, 119

Home visitation programs, 73-75, 382

Hospice and palliative care, 10, 37, 87, 93, 100, 204, 236, 274, 278, 423-427, 430, 446, 447, 472-473

Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association, 325, 362, 424

Hospice nurses, 39, 93, 425

Hospital Employee Education and Training (HEET) program, 211-212

Hospitals

(see also Admissions)

educational attainment of RNs in, 25

performance measures, 27

RN workforce, 24, 119

Howard University, 586

I

Idaho, 158, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359

Illinois, 105, 158, 359, 470, 583, 590, 612

Immigration Policy Center, 630

India, 566, 568, 569, 574, 575, 579, 582, 590, 596-598, 599, 603, 607, 608-609, 616, 623, 630

Indiana, 158, 378

Informaticians, 30

Information technology (see Health information technology)

Initiative on the Future of Nursing, 2

Innovative Care Models website, 95

Inouye, Daniel, 247

Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), 52, 53, 67, 72, 231, 495, 496, 512, 561

Insurance company policies

(see also Compensation)

and nursing practice transformation, 116-117

and patient-centered care, 51

Insurance coverage

(see also Compensation/reimbursement)

ACA and, 1-2, 21, 49, 257, 269, 272

and access to care, 49

Integrated Nurse Leadership Program, 242

Interdisciplinary Nursing Quality Research Initiative (INQRI), 65-66, 90, 239

Intermountain Healthcare Medical Group, 378-379

International Council of Nurses (ICN), 570, 571, 576-577, 578, 580, 597, 619, 620, 632, 634

International models of nursing

(see also Foreign-educated nurses)

accreditation, 591-592, 597, 600

alternate education pathways, 579-580

Bologna Process, 569, 572-573

community/military service, 579

coordination and policy-making body, 570-571

curriculum harmonization, 489, 569-570

education models, 590-591, 596-597, 599-600, 603-604, 610, 612-613, 614-615, 618-619

faculty, 572

first-level nurses, 576-577

gender-related restrictions, 579

global health curriculum, 567, 570

international and regional trade agreements and

international coordinating and policy-making body, 568, 570-575

licensure, 571, 573-575, 576, 578, 579, 580, 582 n.1, 583, 584, 589, 590, 592-593, 594, 595, 596, 600, 601, 605, 607, 608, 609, 611, 613, 615, 618, 619, 620-621, 622, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 640

midwifery, 572, 573, 576, 577, 580, 592, 596, 597, 604-605, 608, 609, 612, 613, 615, 621, 622, 637, 628

off shore schools, 585-586

partnerships with U.S. colleges, 579

physician-to-RN programs, 580-581, 594-595

professional nursing programs, 578-579

recommendations, 567-571

registration, 570, 573, 575-576, 578, 579, 580, 600, 601, 604-605, 607, 608, 610, 613, 615, 617, 622-623, 625, 627-628, 640

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

regulation, 570-571, 573, 592-593, 597, 600-601, 604-605, 610, 613, 615, 619

scope of practice, 592-593, 597, 601-602, 605-606, 611, 613, 615-616, 619-620

second-level nurses, 576, 577-578

Tuning Project, 569

vocational nursing programs, 578

International nurse migrations

(see also Foreign-educated nurses)

educating for export, 617

educational agreements and, 629-630

ethical and moral challenges, 632-634

factors affecting, 582-583

Free Trade Accords of the Americas and, 627-628

General Agreement of Trade in Services and, 626

globalization of nursing, 565, 566, 571, 581-583

health and tourism model, 617

immigration reforms and, 606

international partnerships, 617

issues and challenges, 567, 594-595, 598, 602-603, 606-607, 611-612, 614, 616-618, 620

monitoring and tracking, 570

(see also CGFNS International)

mutual recognition agreements and, 617-619

NAFTA and, 581, 599, 623-624, 625

national policies, 566

regional cooperation, 617

return to home countries, 568, 617

supply and demand, 594, 597-598, 602, 606, 611, 613-614, 616, 620, 630-631

temporary migration, 617-618

trends, 566-567

Trilateral Initiative for North American Nursing and, 625-626

U.S. policy, 582

workforce planning issues, 631-632

and workforce shortages, 259, 630-631

International Society of Psychiatric Nurses, 325

Interprofessional collaboration

Agile Team Model, 414-415

barriers to, 482, 522

case studies, 226-227

chronic disease management, 97, 206, 378, 428-429, 521, 554, 557

community-based health teams, 132

data collection needs, 270, 283

education, 6, 7, 13, 14, 31, 32, 165, 198, 200, 201, 203, 206, 270, 276, 281, 282, 390, 396, 479, 480, 481, 482, 496, 508, 513, 517, 521-523, 530-531, 539, 540-541, 545, 551, 552, 553-556, 558, 561, 563

importance in transforming health care delivery, 87, 131, 388

in leadership, 225, 226-227, 229, 239, 244, 480

licensure exam component, 481

NPs, 92-93, 97, 133, 134-135, 429, 508, 521

principles for change, 72, 76

quality improvement projects, 479

recommendations, 417, 523, 530-531

research priorities, 275

research teams, 195, 239

and retention of nurses, 72

and safety and quality of care, 49, 72, 223, 261

simulation training, 190, 203, 206, 211, 290, 410, 513

skill balancing, 72, 76

and turnover of nurses, 120

VA, 91, 210, 211

vision for health care, 22

Interprofessional Education Collaborative, 201, 206

Iowa, 107, 108-109, 158

Ireland, 571, 573, 582, 598, 603, 604

Israel, 577, 579

J

Jamaica, 575, 614, 615, 616, 617, 618, 621, 622, 623

Japan, 573, 574

Jemmott, Loretta Sweet, 429

Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, 52

Johns Hopkins University, 90, 184, 185, 290, 429-430

Johnson & Johnson, 125, 209, 242

Johnson, Eddie Bernice, 247

Johnson, Jean, 197

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 5, 12, 26-27, 117, 120, 141, 203, 280, 470, 544

Jones, Cheryll, 108-109

Jordan, 579

Josie King Foundation, 52

K

Kaine, Timothy, 246

Kaiser Family Foundation, 251

Kaiser Permanente, 91, 93-95, 131, 316, 380

Kansas, 135, 158, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359

Kaplan, 405

Kazakhstan, 580

Kentucky, 105, 128, 158, 355, 356, 358, 359, 365, 425, 470

King, Sorrel, 52, 53

Korea, 566, 573, 578, 582, 590, 629

Krumm, Sharon, 184

L

La Universidad Autonomade, 629

Larry Combest Community Health and Wellness Center, 418-419

Leadership by nurses

case studies, 226-227, 248-249

chief nursing officers, 235-238

collaborative environment, 3, 7-8, 11, 13, 29, 32-33, 224, 225

community nurses, 234-235

competencies for, 8, 223-224, 226-227

education/preparation, 8, 11, 14, 241-244, 494-504

entrepreneur network, 229

front-line nurses, 234

information technology development, 11

key message, 4, 7, 29, 32-33, 34, 221

knowing how to gain knowledge, 501-502

levels of, 225, 228

management skills, 502

mentorship, 8, 14, 222, 228, 234, 241, 243, 244-245, 251

nurse researchers, 11, 238-239

partnerships outside nursing, 8, 13, 14, 250-251

perceptions of opinion leaders, 223-224, 239, 240

personal skills, 406-502

in policy making, 8, 14, 23, 32-33, 246-250

professional organizations, 14, 239-241

profiles of leaders, 230-233, 236-237

psychology knowledge, 500-501

public health, 440

recommendations, 11, 14, 279-280, 282-283, 503

research needs, 11, 33, 277

shortages in, 401, 437

social context for, 8, 228-241

student nurses, 229-234

style changes, 222-228

systems knowledge, 497-498

variation knowledge, 498-500

Leadership University, 230

LEAP (Linking Education and Practice for Excellence in Public Health Nursing), 122, 439-440

Lebanon, 577

Lehman College, 581

Lewin Group, 115, 211

Licensed practical nurses/licensed vocational nurses (LPNs/LVNs)

aging of workforce, 127

demand for, 38-39

earnings, 43

education and training, 39, 43, 44, 166, 168, 208, 372

foreign-educated nurses, 576, 577, 578, 579, 591-592, 595, 608, 612, 618, 640

interprofessional team, 414-415

licensure, 39

racial/ethnic diversity, 208

roles and responsibilities, 23, 38-39, 43, 72, 76, 94, 107, 166

transition to higher degree programs, 7, 39, 44, 166, 174-175

Licensure

CGFNS Qualifying Exam, 574, 618

examination and certification, 100, 165 n.1, 167, 574, 575

foreign programs and requirements, 571, 573-575, 576, 578, 579, 580, 582 n.1, 583, 584, 589, 590, 592-593, 594, 595, 596, 600, 601, 607, 608, 609, 610, 613, 615, 618, 620-621, 622, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 640

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

state variation in, 100-103, 574

trends in new licenses, 260

Living Independently for Elders (LIFE), 66, 68-69, 319

Long-term care, 3, 23, 37, 38-39, 43, 54, 59, 86, 100, 107, 164, 166, 177, 190, 204, 251, 288, 289, 303, 318, 371, 372, 387, 407, 444, 446, 585

Lorion, Cindy, 193

Louisiana, 73, 75, 134, 158, 444, 454

Loyola University, 359

Lubic, Ruth Watson, 56-58, 229

M

Macy Foundation, 164, 287

Magnet Recognition Program, 171, 244

Maine, 116, 158, 624

Male nurses, 25, 127, 209, 233, 370, 507, 572, 579, 614

(see also Gender diversity)

Malone, Beverly, 247

Marts, Luwana, 74-75

Maryland, 158, 355, 612

Massachusetts, 105, 116-117, 146, 159, 204, 356, 358, 375, 381, 439, 463, 465-466, 470, 486, 508

Master’s of science in nursing (MSN)

accelerated program, 265, 371

ADN graduates relative to, 506

APRNs, 23, 41-42, 196-197, 334, 337, 340, 445, 480, 507, 506

bypassing, 488

costs, 168

earnings, 25, 43, 172, 186-187, 265

education/preparation, 41-42, 43, 509, 511, 533, 555, 558, 559, 560, 561, 568, 584, 621

employment settings, 25, 42, 265, 533

faculty, 43, 179, 183, 185, 188, 194, 265, 412, 487-488, 489

fellowships, 247

foreign-educated nurses, 568, 584, 621

funding for programs, 13, 282, 481, 484, 490

health policy curricula, 560, 561, 562

interprofessional curricula, 555, 558, 559

pathways/transition to, 7, 13, 44, 170, 174-175, 177, 181, 185, 187, 208, 282, 287, 487, 488, 489, 506-507, 509, 518, 523

and quality and outcomes of care, 486, 533, 559

racial/ethnic minorities, 207, 208

recommendations, 403, 480, 481, 484, 511, 559, 562, 563

researchers/scientists, 488, 517

roles and responsibilities, 7, 41-42, 43, 135, 180, 194, 533

statistics, 186, 194-196, 207, 208, 487, 506-507

trends, 196, 510, 517

workforce demand for, 487

McCarthy, Carolyn, 247

McClellan, Mark, 115

McPartland, Ellen, 70, 71

Mead, Cathy, 192-193

Meals-on-Wheels, 95

Medicaid

(see also Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services)

coverage of APRN services, 10, 71, 271, 471

Primary Care Case Managers, 471

Medical/health homes, 9, 30, 94, 95, 102, 103, 114, 117, 132-133, 134-135, 148, 248, 255, 277, 375, 377-379, 381, 389, 430, 449, 458, 464, 472, 486, 511, 559

Medical–sugical nurses, 30, 62

Medicare

(see also Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services)

Coordinated Care Demonstration program, 66

coverage of APRN services, 9, 104, 471-472

fee-for-service program, 92

Hospital Conditions of Participation, 473

Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC), 65, 116, 201, 246-247

Physician Group Practice demonstration program, 380

Physician Hospital Organization program, 380

Quality Improvement Organizations, 379

Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement Modernization Act of 2003, 377

Meningococcal meningitis, 61

Mental and behavioral health, 37

Mentoring, 8, 14, 26, 41, 122, 129, 130, 157, 183, 198, 208, 222, 228, 234, 241, 243, 244-245, 251, 277, 283, 331, 369, 410, 513, 526

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Methods and information sources

acute care–related questions, 300-301

commissioned papers, 290-291

committee meetings, 288-289

community care–related questions, 302-303

education-related questions, 304-305

expertise, 285-286

literature review, 286-287

public agenda, 292-299

RWJF Nursing Research Network, 287-288

site visits, 289-290

testimony questions, 300-305

Mexico, 568, 573, 578, 579, 581, 618-620, 621-622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 629

Michigan, 61, 159, 181, 204, 205, 425, 434-435, 599, 610, 624

Michigan State University, 204-205

Middle East, 572, 579, 590, 596

Midwives/midwifery

(see also Certified nurse midwives)

case study of patient-centered care, 56-58

foreign programs, 572, 573, 576, 577, 580, 592, 596, 597, 604-605, 608, 609, 612, 613, 615, 621, 622, 637, 628

Migrant health clinics, 28

Migrant Health Services, Inc., 420

Military Nurse Detailee fellowship program, 247

Millennium Development Goals, 566

Minnesota, 159, 359, 420, 424, 439-440, 624

Minnier, Terry, 52, 53

Minority Fellowship Program, 208-209

Mississippi, 144, 159, 356, 357, 358, 359

Missouri, 159

Mitchell, Alison, 108

Mobile Healthcare Project, 237, 419-420

Monroe, Tamela, 180-181

Montana, 159, 355, 356

Monterey Peninsula College, 209

Morris, Sheri, 204, 205

Mount Hood Community College, 174, 175

Mullan, Fitzhugh, 462

Mutual Recognition Agreement of the Registration Bodies for Registered Nurses in Canada, 628

N

National Academy of State Health Policy, 463

National Advisory Committee on Institutional Quality and Integrity, 470

National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice, 171, 485

National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 321, 421

National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists, 325, 344 n.1, 358, 359, 361, 362, 365, 366

National Association of Community Health Centers, 133, 382, 463

National Association of Neonatal Nurses, 325, 362, 365

National Association of Nurse Practitioners in Women’s Health Council on Accreditation, 328 n.1, 341 n.1, 344 n.1, 362, 365, 366

National Association of Orthopedic Nurses, 326, 365

National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, 326, 358, 359, 362, 365

National Association of School Nurses (NASN), 60-61, 362

National Board for Certification of Hospice and Palliative Nurses, 326, 358, 362

National Board on Certification & Recertification of Nurse Anesthetists, 197, 326

National Center for Health Statistics, 469

National Center for Workforce Analysis, 9, 256, 262

National Certification Corporation, 326, 344 n.1, 358, 359, 362, 365, 366

National Coalition of Ethnic Minority Nursing Associations, 208, 245

National Commission for Certifying Agencies, 328 n.1, 337 n.1, 340 n.1

National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), 102, 117, 132, 139, 472

National Consensus Project for Quality Palliative Care, 424

National Council Licensure Examinations (NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN), 166 n.1, 167-168, 372, 523, 553, 574, 575, 596, 618

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN), 405-406

APRN Committee, 342-343, 345, 355-357, 361

APRN definition, 329

APRN Roundtable Organization, 350-360

competency assessment, 201, 202

and Consensus Model for APRN Regulation, 324, 325, 326, 327, 341, 342-343, 344 n.1, 345, 361, 362, 365, 366, 445

criteria for APRN certification programs, 340, 349-353

licensing exam, 17, 167-168, 372, 574, 596

Model Nursing Practice Act and Model

Nursing Administrative Rules, 10, 278

transition-to-practice model, 121, 513, 544

National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators, 27

National Gerontological Nursing Association, 326, 363

National Health Care Workforce Commission (NHWC), 9, 14, 255, 256, 262, 265, 283

National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, 423, 424

National Institute of Mental Health, 247

National Institute of Nursing Research, 239, 429, 492, 520

National Institutes of Health, 239, 276, 392

National League for Nursing (NLN), 171-172, 179, 182, 188, 189-190, 198 n.1, 203, 224, 245, 326, 363, 365

National League for Nursing Accrediting

Commission (NLNAC), 12, 13-14, 224, 281, 282, 326, 328 n.1, 341 n.1, 358, 359, 361, 363, 365, 366, 513

National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties, 326, 343-344, 359, 361, 363, 365, 366, 509

National Quality Forum, 27, 392, 470, 557

National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN), 26, 30, 128, 178, 195 n.1, 369, 382, 487, 583, 584-586, 631

National Student Nurses Association, 230, 232, 233, 234

National Voluntary Consensus Standards for Nursing-Sensitive Care, 27

Naylor, Mary D., 66, 70-71, 90, 275-276, 277, 380, 557

Nebraska, 159

Nepal, 573, 577

Nevada, 159, 357

New Hampshire, 116, 159

New Jersey, 159, 166, 236-237, 265, 370, 419-420, 583

New Mexico, 159, 176, 603, 610, 618

New York, 62-63, 64, 75, 122, 143, 160, 176, 581, 583, 590, 596, 599, 603, 610, 614, 640

New York University, 233

New Zealand, 571, 598, 603, 628

Nigeria, 575, 579, 582, 612, 613, 614, 616, 621, 622

Nightingale, Florence, 87, 369, 401, 483

North American Free Trade Agreement, 581, 599, 623-624, 625

North Carolina, 105, 122, 160, 176, 355, 356, 358, 379, 506

North Dakota, 160, 355, 371, 420, 505

Northwest Colorado Visiting Nurse Association, 430

Northwest Health Foundation, 204

Nurse–Family Partnership (NFP), 28, 73-75, 438-439

Nurse Licensure Compact, 628

Nurse-managed health centers, 28, 64, 102, 117, 131, 133, 136, 138-139, 189, 249, 290, 382, 418-419, 420, 429-430, 471-472, 473

Nurse practitioners (NPs;

see also Advanced practice registered nurses)

and access to care, 106-107, 108-109, 375-376, 382, 430, 463

case studies and profiles, 60-61, 68-69, 108-109, 134-135, 226-227

certification/certified, 197, 328-329, 330, 332, 333-334, 335, 336, 338, 339, 508

complexity of services, 90

consumer designation as provider, 465

coordinating care, 66, 67, 68-69, 92-93, 378-379

and cost containment, 430, 464, 465, 508, 511

cost of education, 169

data needs and collection on, 9, 262, 508

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

demand for, 381-382, 384, 508, 510

demographic characteristics, 127

earnings, 43, 186-187, 188

education and training, 43, 44, 98, 124, 130, 169, 196, 197, 342, 367, 403, 406, 480, 482, 506, 508, 509, 510, 511, 516

funding, 403, 510

as health coaches, 67, 465

interprofessional collaboration, 92-93, 97, 133, 134-135, 429, 508, 521

leadership roles, 92, 117, 134-135, 429

licensure, 338

Medicare/Medicaid regulations, 103, 104, 115, 471, 472-473

nurse-managed health centers, 102, 117

opposition to independent practice, 110-111, 113, 457

palliative care consultants, 425

in patient-centered medical homes, 102, 117, 134-135

primary care, 55, 59, 88, 91-93, 97, 98, 102, 108-109, 116-117, 134-135, 257, 287, 332, 336, 367, 375-376, 378-379, 381, 402, 419, 429, 430, 431, 433-434, 435, 471-382, 463, 465, 472-473, 482, 506, 508, 510, 511, 533

public awareness of, 112, 455

recommendations, 430, 431, 435, 480, 482, 508, 511

regulations, 5, 61, 96, 98-103, 116-117, 157-161, 328-329, 332, 333-334, 336, 338, 389, 419, 462, 463, 465, 472-473, 511

reimbursement rates/policies, 102, 104, 110 n.1, 115, 116-117, 389, 431, 464, 465, 471

researchers, 92

residency, 124

in retail-based health clinics, 112

safety and quality of care, 97, 428, 429, 510, 533

at school-based health centers, 59, 60-61, 130, 433-434, 435

scope-of-practice, 5, 26, 41, 43, 55, 96, 98-103, 116-117, 332, 430, 443, 449, 465, 472-473, 511

specialties, 41, 98, 197, 335, 336, 367, 508

support for expanded scope of practice, 112-114, 287, 457, 458, 462, 463, 464, 552

Veterans Administration, 91-92, 133

workforce size and distribution, 26, 88, 89, 91, 106-107, 257, 381, 466, 508, 533

Nurse Practitioners in Women’s Health, 326, 328 n.1, 341 n.1, 344 n.1, 358, 362, 363, 365, 366

Nursing Alliance for Quality Care, 240-241

Nursing assistants (NAs), 38, 43, 107, 146, 271, 591, 595

Nursing care providers

practice settings, 38

types, 38-44

workforce projections, 258-259

Nursing Education Loan Repayment Program, 529

Nursing Educational Xchange, 406

Nursing for Life, 204-205

Nursing home/extended care facilities, 23, 24, 25, 119, 425

Nursing practice

(see also Practice transformation)

continuum of care, 4, 23-24

Nursing Quality Research Initiative, 239

Nursing specialties, ANA criteria for recognition of, 354

(see also individual specialties)

O

Obama administration, 75, 91, 109, 247, 375, 382-383

Obesity, 40, 48, 61, 409

O’Brien, Ruth A., 75

Occupational/employee health nurses, 24, 28, 39, 119

Office of Personnel Management (OPM), 5, 10, 105, 145, 279, 472

Office of Technology Assessment, 97, 427

Ohio, 160, 166-167, 370

Oklahoma, 160

O’Neil, Edward, 199

On Lok program, 65, 558

Oncology nurses, 40, 184, 185, 333, 335, 339

Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation, 326, 358, 359, 363, 365, 366

Oncology Nursing Society, 326, 363, 365

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

100,000 Lives Campaign, 67, 495-496

Oregon

education innovations, 173, 174-176, 190, 200, 406, 488, 505, 519, 537, 539-540

scope-of-practice regulations, 160

State Board of Nursing, 357

Oregon Consortium for Nursing Education, 173, 174-176, 200, 505, 537, 539-540

Oregon Health & Science University, 174-176

Orthopedic Nurses Certification Board, 326

Overton Brooks VA Medical Center, 134

Overton-McCoy, Amyleigh, 226-227

P

Pain management, 444, 448

Palliative care (see Hospice and palliative care)

Palliative Care Center of the Bluegrass, 425

Palliative Care Leadership Centers, 425

Pappas, Mary, 60

Partners Investing in Nursing’s Future, 204

Partnerships outside nursing, 250-251

Patient-centered care

access to care and, 51, 54

barriers to, 27-28

case studies, 51, 52-53, 56-58

committee vision, 2, 21, 22

core nursing practice, 39

economic value of, 54, 57

information technology and, 51, 54

models of, 11, 51, 52-53, 56-58

need for, 1, 50, 86

nurses and, 4, 6, 8, 26, 27-28, 29, 30, 54, 56-58

principles for change, 50, 51-54

Proclamation for Change, 30

and quality of care, 51

responsibility for achieving, 15

Transforming Care at the Bedside, 52-53, 120, 231, 416, 561

Patient-centered medical homes, 94, 117, 132, 134-135, 248, 377-379, 381, 449, 511

Patient examination and treatment, 101

Patient preferences, 51

Patient satisfaction, 53, 57, 93, 95, 98, 112, 113, 114, 203, 227, 231, 238, 425, 433, 465, 521, 554, 557

Patient self-management, 51, 378, 428-429

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (see Affordable Care Act)

Pauly, Mark, 239

Pediatric Nursing Certification Board, 326, 344 n.17, 358, 359, 363, 365, 366

Pelosi, Nancy, 247

Pennsylvania, 66, 160, 166-167, 370, 382, 383, 463, 610, 612

Chamber of Commerce, 250

Geisinger Health System, 91, 92-93, 95, 131, 380

Rx for PA, 112, 247, 248-249, 250

State Board of Nursing, 365

Perkins funds, 482, 491, 492

Perioperative/operating room nurses, 40, 631

Peru, 575, 577

Pew Health Professions Commissions, 551

Taskforce on Health Care Workforce Regulation, 461, 465

Philippines/Filipinos, 566, 568, 571, 573, 574, 575, 579, 581, 582, 585, 590-595, 596, 599, 603, 607, 608-609, 623

PhotoVoice, 231

Physical therapists, 110

Physician assistants (PAs), 9, 67, 88, 89, 90, 98, 104, 111, 112, 169, 248, 257, 259, 273, 381, 382, 462, 463, 464, 465, 508, 552, 560

Physician services, definition of, 472

Physicians

aging of workforce, 125

definition of, 472

Medicare reimbursement policies, 104

resistance to change, 110-111

RN programs for foreign physicians, 580-581

supply of, 125-126, 257, 594-595

Physicians Foundation, 552

Pileggi, Joanne, 146, 147

Poland, 573, 577, 603

Policy (see Health policy)

Practice transformation

(see also Health care delivery reforms)

and access to primary care, 29, 88-90

accountable care organizations, 9, 30, 95, 131, 132, 148, 255-256, 277, 375-376, 380-381, 389-390, 391, 396, 559

acute care, 29-30

aging workforce and, 4, 5, 125-127

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

APRNs, 86, 88, 92, 95, 96, 97, 98-103, 106, 107, 108-109

barriers to, 4-5, 25-26, 95-131

care management models, 11, 376-381

case studies, 108-109, 134-135, 138-139, 146-147

community health centers, 133

demographic challenges, 5, 124-131

Department of Veterans Affairs, 91-92

examination and certification, 100

examples of redesigned roles, 91-95

fragmented health care system and, 5, 114-116

Geisinger Health System, 92-93

gender diversity, 4, 127-128

importance, 86-95

insurance company policies and, 116-117

Kaiser Permanente, 93-95

key message, 4, 29-30, 34, 85

medical/health homes, 132-133, 134-135

need for, 28-34

non-APRN nurses, 107

nurse-managed health centers, 133, 136, 138-139

opposition of professionals to, 4, 107, 110-114, 457-460

patient-centered medical homes, 94, 117, 132, 134-135, 248, 377-379, 381, 511

patient examination and treatment, 5, 101

patient satisfaction, 53, 57, 93, 95, 98, 112, 113, 114, 203, 227, 231, 238, 425, 433, 465, 521, 554, 557

prescriptive authority, 5, 101-102

racial and ethnic diversity, 4, 128-130

recommendations, 9-11, 278-280, 484

referrals and orders, 5, 100-101

regulatory barriers, 4, 5, 29, 96-107

research priority, 274

residency (transition-to-practice) programs, 5-6, 11-12, 120-124

and safety and quality of care, 3, 22, 24-25, 90, 92, 97

state licensure, 100-103

support for, 106, 112-114

technology and, 30, 93, 94, 136-137, 140-144

transitional care, 24, 27, 37, 66, 67, 70-71, 86, 94, 121, 124, 132, 148, 199, 276-277, 375, 378, 379-380, 381, 388, 389, 390, 393, 395-396, 541, 545, 557, 559

turnover rates and, 5, 117-120

value of nurses, 3, 115

Prenatal care, 28

(see also Certified nurse midwives)

Prescription for Pennsylvania, 112, 247, 248-249, 250

Prescriptive authority, 101-102

Prevention and health promotion, 37

Primary care services, 3, 37

(see also Community and public health)

ACA and, 22, 49, 54, 86, 88, 96, 108, 136, 257, 269

access to, 49, 55, 88-90, 99, 102, 108-109, 136

ACO model, 9, 30, 95, 131, 132, 148, 255-256, 277, 375-376, 380-381, 389-390, 391, 396, 559

capacity building, 381-382, 508-511

case studies, 60-61, 108-109

complexity of care, 88, 90

culturally relevant care, 54, 61

defined, 54, 472

education needs, 508-511

functions and hallmarks of, 54

guided care model, 94-95, 378

and health disparities, 55

impacts of health care reform, 375-376, 381-382

information technology and, 51, 54

intensive, for chronic disease management, 419

medical/health home model, 9, 30, 94, 95, 102, 103, 114, 117, 132-133, 134-135, 148, 248, 255, 277, 375, 377-379, 381, 389, 430, 449, 458, 464, 472, 486, 511, 559

nurses and, 27-28, 30, 55, 59, 60-61, 88-90, 108-109, 382, 486

patient centered, 51, 54, 94, 117, 132, 134-135, 248, 377-379, 381, 449, 511

and population health, 37, 55

principles for change, 54-55, 59

reimbursement rates, 10

school-based health centers, 28, 40, 60-61, 64, 235, 246, 432-436, 561

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

settings for, 55

shortages of providers, 7, 54, 55, 88

team approach, 92-93

testimony questions, 302-303

workforce, 59, 61, 88, 108, 116, 194, 248, 256, 257-258, 262, 369, 382, 383, 389, 390, 463, 464, 490, 507, 508

Principles for change

community and public health care, 59, 62-64

interprofessional collaboration, 72, 76

patient-centered care, 51-54, 56-58

primary care services, 54-55, 59

role reconceptionalization for professionals, 66-67, 72

seamless, coordinated care, 65-66

Professional organizations, leadership roles, 239-241

Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE), 65, 66, 69, 558

Providence St. Vincent Medical Center, 192, 193

Psychiatric/mental health nurses, 40, 41, 97-98, 333, 576, 577, 580, 591, 593, 596-597, 599, 610, 621, 630

Public health

(see also Community and public health care)

education models, 439-440

infectious disease prevention and control, 439

infrastructure and workforce, 59, 62-64

leadership development, 440

movement, 37

nurses/nursing issues, 59, 62-63, 437-438

political influence of nurses, 441

recommendations, 440-441

spending, 50

workforce and infrastructure, 59

Public Health Management Corporation, 249

Public Policy Institute, 251

Q

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) project, 496, 531

Quality Interagency Coordination Task Force, 392

Quality of care (see Safety and quality of care)

R

Racial and ethnic diversity, 122, 128-130, 207-209

Recommendations

available evidence and, 272-273

for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 279

collaborative improvement efforts, 279

considerations informing, 270-277

for Congress, 9-10, 278

costs associated with, 273-274

data collection and analysis infrastructure, 14-15, 283-284

for Department of Justice Antitrust Division, 10, 279

education of nurses, 12-14, 281-282

faculty recruitment and retention, 13

for Federal Trade Commission, 10, 279

implementation of, 274-277

leadership opportunities for nurses, 11, 12, 14, 279-280, 282-283

for Office of Personnel Management, 279

residency programs, 280

scope and focus of report and, 271-272

scope of practice, 9-11, 278-280

for state legislatures, 10, 278

technology development, 11

workforce capacity building, 13, 281-282

Raise the Voice campaign, 245 n.13

RAND Corporation, 463-466

Raphael, Carol, 122

Rasmussen, Helen, 134, 135

Referrals and orders, 100-101

Registered nurses (RNs;

see also Advanced practice registered nurses;

degree programs and specialties)

and access to care, 27-28

acute care, 389-390

aging of, 125-127, 204-205, 369, 370, 387

career transition program, 204-205

earnings, 43, 386

education, 23, 25, 39, 40-42, 43, 44, 166, 186, 370, 491, 571-572

employment settings, 23, 24, 25, 30, 119, 386

foreign-educated, 577, 583

gender diversity, 370

licensure, 23, 39, 327

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

physician-to-RN programs for foreign doctors, 580-581

primary care, 55, 94, 382, 383

racial/ethnic diversity, 128, 129, 370

residencies, 123-124

scope of practice, 39, 43, 94, 107

specialties, 39-40

workforce size, 59, 61, 258, 369, 382, 383, 387

Regulation of scope of practice

(see also Consensus model for APRN regulation;

Health care service delivery reforms;

Practice transformation)

and access to care, 99, 450

barriers to practice transformation, 4, 29, 96-107, 444, 446-451

continuing competence, 570-571

costs of dysfunctional system, 450-451

economic costs of, 451

examination and certification of patients, 100, 447, 473

examination and treatment of patients, 101, 448

expanding, 106-107, 108-109

federal reforms, 103-105

Federation of State Medical Boards guidelines, 459

historical context, 96-98, 451-452

impediments to removal of restrictive provisions, 451-460

and innovation in care delivery, 450

licensure, 100-103

medical practice acts and, 96-97, 451-453, 458-459

Medicare, 444

monitoring for anticompetitive effects, 5, 10-11, 105, 145, 279, 470

non-APRN nurses, 107

nurse practitioners, 5, 98-103, 157-161

prescriptive authority, 101-102, 448-449

opposition to change, 107, 110-114, 457-460

recommendations for legislatures, 10, 278

referrals and orders, 100, 448

state variation, 5, 98-103, 157-161, 444, 446-450, 453-454

and workforce shortages, 450

Rehabilitation nurses, 40

Reimbursement (see Compensation/reimbursement policies)

Rendell, Edward, 112, 248-249, 250

Rescue agents, 141

Researcher/scientist nurses

competencies, 6

education, 164, 194, 195, 197-198, 276, 412, 517-521, 532

leadership roles, 238-239

nursing education research, 198

nursing science research, 23, 198-199

recommendations, 519-521

shortages of, 7, 517-521

Research priorities

care management models, 11, 391-396

comparative effectiveness research, 484, 485

education, 276

interagency innovations research collaborative, 392

leadership, 11, 277

residencies, 274

scope of practice, 274

teamwork, 275

technology, 11, 275

value of reforms, 275

Residencies and internships (transition-to-practice) programs

accreditation standards, 121

barriers to practice transformation, 5-6, 31, 120-124

chronic disease management, 121, 124, 545

cost, 121

dedicated education units, 190, 192-193, 211, 410, 412, 513, 544

desired features, 545-546

evaluation of, 12, 123

funding, 12, 122, 124

Joint Commission recommendation, 5-6, 120-121

models, 543-546

need for, 513

outside acute care, 6, 121-123, 545

recommendations, 5-6, 11-12, 120-124

regulatory model, 121

in rural and critical access areas, 12

salary during, 124

success of, 6, 12, 123-124

and turnover rates, 6, 12, 120-121

UHC/AACN model, 121, 123, 544

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Resistance of professionals to change, 107, 110-114

Retail/convenient care clinics, 3, 23, 28, 59, 93, 102, 112, 113, 249, 402, 428, 430, 463, 464, 465, 470, 471, 490

Return to Care, 416

Rhode Island, 260, 356, 357, 358, 360

Rick, Catherine, 133, 134-135

Ridge, Tom, 250

Riverside Medical Center, 94

Riverside Proactive Health Management Program (RiPHM)™, 94

Robert J. Dole VA Medical Center, 135

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Colleagues in Caring, 401

Executive Nurse Fellows Program, 225, 243, 401-402

Health Policy Fellows Program, 243-244, 247

INQRI, 65-66, 90, 239

Investigator Awards Program, 243-244

Nursing Alliance for Quality Care, 240-241

Nursing for Life initiative, 204

Nursing Quality Research Initiative, 239

Nursing Research Network, 88, 112, 168, 171, 187-188, 259, 261, 272, 285, 286, 287-288, 289

partnership with IOM, 2, 22

Transforming Care at the Bedside initiative, 52-53, 120, 231, 416, 561

vision for health care, 22

Rockefeller Foundation, 286

Rush University, 360, 528

Russia, 575, 581, 599, 616

S

Safety and quality of care

ACOs and, 9, 30, 95, 131, 132, 148, 255-256, 277, 375-376, 380-381, 389-390, 391, 396, 559

CNMs, 28

Condition H, 52-53

continuous improvements in, 49, 67, 94

coordination of services and, 65

educational attainment and, 169-170, 406, 485-486, 505-506, 512, 538, 568

innovations in, 90

Inpatient Quality Indicators, 238

interprofessional collaboration and, 49, 72

leadership of nurses in, 238

medical errors, 52

Medicare’s fee-for-service, 93

National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators, 27

NPs, 92, 97, 428, 429, 510, 533

patient-centered care and, 51, 52-53, 57, 120, 231, 416, 561

performance measures, 26-27, 142, 194, 431, 470

physician type and length of preparation and, 111

practice transformation and, 3, 24-25, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92-93, 94, 95, 97, 111, 112, 113

Transforming Care at the Bedside, 52-53, 120, 231, 416, 561

Salaries, 25, 43, 171, 172, 186-187, 188, 265, 486

Sampson, Deborah, 88

Sandoval, Carolina, 60-61

Sanofi Pasteur, 61

Saudi Arabia, 574, 607

Saunders, Cicely, 423

Schenectady County Public Health Services, 62

School nurses and school-based health centers, 28, 40, 60-61, 64, 235, 246, 432-436, 561

Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 111

Scope of Practice Partnership, 110, 458 n.17

Selecky, Mary, 235

Sermo.com, 112

Service Employees International Union, 211

Sharp, Jamie, 192-193

Shinseki, Eric, 134

Sigma Theta Tau International, 634

Simulation Innovation Resource Center, 189-190

Singapore, 573, 598, 607, 626-627

Skilled nursing facilities/care, 10, 101, 204, 274, 278, 448, 473

Smith, Dorothy, 229

Smith Hughes Act, 372

Social Security Administration, 247

Society of Hospital Medicine, 557

South Carolina, 160, 629

South Dakota, 160, 360

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Southern Adventist University, 185

Spain, 571, 573

Specialties (see Nursing specialties;

individual specialties)

St. Kitts International School of Nursing, 405, 585, 629

St. Louis Community College, 232

St. Petersburg College (U.S.), 180

St. Petersburg University (Russia), 581

St. Vincent’s Nurse-Managed Health Center, 419

Staff Nurse Care Coordination model, 65-66

Stanford Self-Management Model, 428-429

Stange, Kevin, 88

State practice regulations (see Regulation of scope of practice;

individual states)

State University of New York (SUNY), 581

States

(see also individual states)

workforce data collection, 14-15

Statewide Nursing Consortiums Curriculums, 406

Steele, Glenn, 92

Strumpf, Neville, 229

Student nurses and leadership, 229-234

Sub-Saharan Africa, 612-614

(see also specific countries)

Sullivan Commission on Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce, 207

Sullivan-Marx, Eileen M., 68, 69

SUTTP Alliance (Stepping Up to the Plate for Managing Transitions in Care), 557

T

Taiwan, 573, 578

Tanner, Christine A., 175-176

Tavenner, Marilyn, 246

Tax Relief and Health Care Act of 2006, 379

Teamwork (see Interprofessional collaboration)

Technology (see Health information technology)

Telehealth services, 64, 136-137, 227, 236, 237, 276, 402, 420-421, 451, 631

TelEmergency, 144

Tennessee, 160, 356, 357, 360

Texas, 161, 226, 256, 262, 264-265, 355, 356, 358, 360, 365, 583, 590, 596, 599, 612, 618

Texas Nurse Practitioners, 108

Texas Nurses Association, 365

Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 418

Texas Woman’s University, 265, 321

Thailand, 573

Third-party payers, 10

Tibbetts, Jackie, 204, 205

TIGER (Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform) Initiative, 143

Torregrossa, Ann S., 248, 249

Torres, Colette S., 135

Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Agreement, 628

Transformacion Para Salud Program, 418-419

Transforming Care at the Bedside, 52-53, 120, 231, 416, 561

Transition to practice (see Residencies)

Transitional care, 24, 27, 37, 66, 67, 70-71, 86, 94, 121, 124, 132, 148, 199, 276-277, 375, 378, 380, 381, 388, 389, 390, 393, 395-396, 541, 545, 557, 559

Transitional Care Model (TCM), 66, 70-71, 276-277, 380, 557

Tri-Council for Nursing, 171-172

Trilateral Initiative for North American Nursing, 625-626

Tuning Project, 569

Turnover rates, 5, 6, 27, 53, 86, 96, 117-120, 121, 123, 223, 235, 237, 270, 288

U

Ukraine, 568, 575, 577, 580, 629

Uncles, Lisa Betina, 58

Undergraduate nursing education

(see also Associate’s degree;

Bachelor’s of science;

Community college programs;

Diploma nursing programs;

Faculty)

application trends, 31

barriers to meeting needs, 31, 179-193, 486-489

case studies, 174-176, 180-181, 192-193

clinical placement opportunities, 31-32, 189-190

costs, 168-169, 370-371

curriculum development, 7, 13, 190-191

degree distribution, 166-167

funding for, 12, 13, 484

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

goals and implementation plan for, 7, 172-177

licensed practical nurses, 7

licensing exam, 167-168

international differences, 579

off shore schools, 405, 585-586

and outcomes of patients, 169-178

overview of current education, 165-169

partnerships, 405

pathways, 7, 12, 165-166, 369-373

rationale for all-BSN workforce, 168-179

recommendations, 12-13, 524-525

standardization of curriculum, 406, 407, 479, 539-540, 569-570

transition to higher degree programs, 7, 30, 32, 505-507

United Arab Emirates, 574

United Kingdom, 203, 566, 568, 569 n.5, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576, 579-580, 582, 590, 594, 596, 603-607, 613, 630

Universities, community college partnerships with, 173, 174-175, 479, 505, 519, 536, 538, 539-540

University of Hawaii, 406

University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC), 121, 123, 513, 544

University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 224, 225

University of California, San Francisco, 199, 406

University of Colorado, Denver, 75

University of Florida, 229, 528

University of Houston, 264

University of Kansas School of Nursing, 27

University of Louisville, 128, 130

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 237, 419-420

University of Michigan, 88

University of Mississippi, 144

University of Missouri, St. Louis, 232

University of Pennsylvania

Center for Biobehavioral Research, 143

New-Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, 71

School of Nursing, 69, 143, 319

University of Phoenix, 405

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 51, 52-53

University of Portland, 190, 192-193

University of South Florida, 180, 181

University of Texas, 265, 321, 419

University of Virginia, 185

University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 231

Urban Institute, 177, 506

U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force, 171

U.S. Nurse Licensure Examinations, 165 n.2, 167, 574

U.S. Public Health Service, 171

Utah, 161, 355, 356, 357, 358, 363, 365, 378, 433

V

Value of nurses, 25, 28, 115

(see also Economic value)

Vermont, 61, 161, 590, 596

Board of Nursing, 356, 357, 359, 360, 433

Veterans Affairs Nursing Academy, 183, 210-211

Veterans Health Administration, 392

Versant, 6, 121, 123

Vietnam, 572

Virginia, 161, 246, 355, 356

Virginia Commonwealth University, 425

Visiting Nurse Association of Central Jersey, 236-237

Visiting Nurse Service of New York, 64, 122, 143

Voices of Meningitis Campaign, 61

W

Wakefield, Mary, 247

Wald, Florence, 423

Wald, Lillian, 64

Warner, Joanne, 192

Washington state, 96, 161, 181, 235, 452

Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, 211

Washington State Hospital Association, 211

Wehrwein, Terrie, 204

WellPoint, 93

Wenzel, Jennifer, 184-185

West Virginia, 161

Western Governors University, 200, 405

Wharton Fellows Program in Management for Nurse Executives, 242

Wilensky, Gail, 115

Wiley, Elizabeth, 462

Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine. 2011. The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12956.
×

Wisconsin, 122, 161, 439-440

Wisconsin Center for Nursing, 122

Workforce

(see also Foreign-educated nurses)

acute care, 29, 388-389

aging, 4, 25, 59, 125-127, 259, 486

assessing demand, 263

capacity building, 9, 12, 25, 386-396

demand for nurses, 376-386, 486, 568

faculty shortages, 7, 31, 170, 173, 179, 181, 182-188, 189, 193, 212, 265, 276, 288, 404, 411, 438, 486, 487, 488, 489, 507, 508, 516, 517, 529, 537, 544, 572

foreign-educated nurses, 259, 566, 583-586

gaps in data, 8-9, 33-34, 259-263, 583

gender diversity, 4, 7, 12, 25, 127-128, 209

geographic distribution, 12, 583-586

global perspective, 566, 567

Gulf Coast Health Services Steering Committee initiatives, 264-265

health care reform and, 375-386

infrastructure for data collection, 14-15, 29, 262

key message, 4, 8, 29, 33-34, 255

leadership shortages, 401, 437

modeling, 393-394

nursing projections, 15, 258-259

nursing segment of, 2, 23, 24

physician shortages, 102, 107, 108, 490, 508

by practice setting, 24, 30

planning and policymaking, 29, 388-389, 390-391, 484, 491-492, 567, 583

primary care, 59, 61, 88, 108, 116, 194, 248, 256, 257-258, 262, 369, 382, 383, 389, 390, 463, 464, 490, 507, 508

public health, 437-438, 438

racial and ethnic diversity, 4, 7, 12, 25, 128-130, 207-209

recession-related layoffs and attrition, 59, 259

recommendations, 391-396

research coordination on, 15, 391-392

researcher/scientist nurses, 517-521

shortages of nurses, 7, 25, 107, 118-119, 166, 171, 175, 176, 177, 195, 199, 209, 211, 235, 256, 258, 259, 264, 290, 370, 372, 387, 388, 390, 401, 404, 405, 437, 438, 484, 485, 507, 508, 516, 567

skill mixes, 9, 15, 283, 284, 376, 382, 384, 385, 389, 391, 392-393, 394-395, 537, 567, 568, 570, 571, 589

turnover rates, 5, 6, 27, 53, 86, 96, 117-120, 121, 123, 223, 235, 237, 270, 288

Workplace wellness programs, 382

World Health Assembly, 572, 634

World Health Organization (WHO)

Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel, 634

definition of health workers, 566 n.2

Task Force on Global Standards in Nursing and Midwifery Education, 572

World Health Report, 566, 570

Wortock, Jean, 180, 181

Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society, 326, 363, 363, 365

Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing Certification Board, 326, 359, 365, 366

Wyoming, 161

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Page 672
The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health Get This Book
×

The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system.

At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year.

Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles—including limits on nurses' scope of practice—should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care.

In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.

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