Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
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www.nap.edu
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NOTICE: the project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under grant number DE-FG02-09ER64727, the Environmental Protection Agency under contract number EP09H000821, the Food and Drug Administration under contract number HHSF22301002T, the Marine Mammal Commission under contract number E4047467, the Minerals Management Service under contract number M09PX00075, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant number NNX09AI86G, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences under contract number HHSN273200900082P, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under contract number DG133R08CQ0062, the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE-0910762, the United States Arctic Research Commission, and the United States Geological Survey under grant number G09AP00034.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-18603-2
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-18603-X
Cover: Artist’s rendering of possible technological innovations and ocean infrastructure assets that will be deployed in support of U.S. ocean research by 2030, based on presentations from the February 2-3, 2010, Ocean Infrastructure Strategy Workshop (illustration by E. Paul Oberlander, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution).
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
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COMMITTEE ON AN OCEAN INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY FOR U.S. OCEAN RESEARCH IN 2030
ERIC J. BARRON (Chair),
Florida State University
RANA A. FINE (Vice Chair),
University of Miami, Florida
JAMES G. BELLINGHAM,
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, California
EMMANUEL S. BOSS,
University of Maine
EDWARD A. BOYLE (NAS),
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MARGO EDWARDS,
University of Hawaii at Manoa
KENNETH S. JOHNSON,
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, California
DEBORAH S. KELLEY,
University of Washington
HAUKE KITE-POWELL,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
STEVEN RAMBERG,
National Defense University/Pennsylvania State University
DANIEL L. RUDNICK,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California
OSCAR M.E. SCHOFIELD,
Rutgers University, New Jersey
MARIO N. TAMBURRI,
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
PETER H. WIEBE,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
DAWN J. WRIGHT,
Oregon State University
Staff
DEBORAH GLICKSON, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER CHIARELLO, Senior Program Assistant (until October 2010)
JEREMY JUSTICE, Senior Program Assistant (from May 2011)
EMILY OLIVER, Program Assistant (from October 2010 to May 2011)
WILL TYBURCZY, Mirzayan Science and Technology Policy Fellow (Fall 2010)
OCEAN STUDIES BOARD
DONALD F. BOESCH (Chair),
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
EDWARD A. BOYLE,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
CORTIS K. COOPER,
Chevron Corporation
JORGE E. CORREDOR,
University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez
KEITH R. CRIDDLE,
University of Alaska, Fairbanks
JODY W. DEMING,
University of Washington
ROBERT HALLBERG,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Princeton University, New Jersey
DEBRA HERNANDEZ,
Hernandez and Company, South Carolina
ROBERT A. HOLMAN,
Oregon State University
KIHO KIM,
American University, Washington, DC
BARBARA A. KNUTH,
Cornell University, New York
ROBERT A. LAWSON,
Science Applications International Corporation, California
GEORGE I. MATSUMOTO,
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, California
JAY S. PEARLMAN,
The Boeing Company (retired), Washington
ANDREW A. ROSENBERG,
Conservation International, Virginia
DANIEL L. RUDNICK,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, California
ANNE M. TREHU,
Oregon State University
PETER L. TYACK,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
DON WALSH,
International Maritime Incorporated
DAWN J. WRIGHT,
Oregon State University
JAMES A. YODER,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
Staff
SUSAN ROBERTS, Director
CLAUDIA MENGELT, Senior Program Officer
KIM WADDELL, Senior Program Officer
DEBORAH GLICKSON, Senior Program Officer
MARTHA MCCONNELL, Program Officer
SHERRIE FORREST, Research Associate
PAMELA LEWIS, Administrative Coordinator
SHUBHA BANSKOTA, Financial Associate
JEREMY JUSTICE, Senior Program Assistant
Acknowledgments
This report was greatly enhanced by the participants of the meeting held as part of this study. The committee would first like to acknowledge the efforts of those who gave presentations at meetings: Al Plueddemann (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), Pete Barletto (University of Washington), John Delaney (University of Washington), Doug Toomey (University of Oregon), Gwyn Griffiths (National Oceanography Centre, Southampton), Tim Leach (The Glosten Associates), E. Paul Oberlander (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), Guy Nordenson (Princeton University, Guy Nordenson and Associates), Ginger Armbrust (University of Washington), Deirdre Meldrum (Arizona State University), Elizabeth Kujawinski (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), Bob Carlson (Honeywell), Dave Whelan (The Boeing Company), Tim Stanton (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), Tom Weber (University of New Hampshire), Bob Hallberg (NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory), Shuyi Chen (University of Miami), Enrique Curchitser (Rutgers University), Peter Fox (Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute), Dan Fay (Microsoft), Berrian Moore (Climate Central), Dean Roemmich (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego), Vice Admiral Paul Gaffney (Monmouth University), Tom Kitsos (U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy), Peter Hill (Consortium for Ocean Leadership), Bert Semtner (Naval Postgraduate School), James Kendall (U.S. Minerals Management Service), Mel Briscoe (Consortium for Ocean Leadership), Amy Baco-Taylor (Florida State University), Gustav Paulay (University of Florida), Otis Brown (University of Miami), Mary Jane Perry (University of Maine), David Fries (University of South Florida), John Graybeal (University of California, Berkeley), and Sam McClatchie (Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA). These talks helped set the stage for fruitful discussions in the closed sessions that followed.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in their review of this report:
Kendra Daly, University of South Florida, Tampa
Clare Reimers, Oregon State University, Corvallis
Melbourne Briscoe, Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Washington, DC
Mary Feeley, ExxonMobil Exploration Company, Houston, Texas
Jorg Imberger, University of Western Australia, Crawley
Steven Gaines, University of California, Santa Barbara
Dan Fornari, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
Thomas Curtin, NATO Undersea Research Center, La Spezia, Italy
Albert J. Plueddeman, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts
Kristina Katsaros, NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, Washington
Jack Sipress, Sipress Associates, Holmdel, New Jersey
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Christine Henderson, appointed by the Divison on Earth and Life Studies, and J. Brad Mooney, appointed by the Report Review Com-
mittee, who were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.