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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of
High-Containment Biological Laboratories

Summary of a Workshop

 

 

Alison K. Hottes, Benjamin Rusek, and Fran Sharples, Rapporteurs

Committee on Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-
containment Biological Laboratories

Committee on International Security and Arms Control
Policy and Global Affairs
Board on Life Sciences
Division on Earth and Life Studies

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND
           NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
                                             OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS      500 Fifth Street, N.W.      Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract/Grant No. STAT-8740 / S-L-MAQM-08-CA-140 and STAT-6253 / S-LMAQM-09-GR-056 between the National Academy of Sciences and the United States Department of State’s Biosecurity Engagement Program. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

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International Standard Book Number 10: -0-309-22575-2

Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

www.national-academies.org

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×

COMMITTEE ON ANTICIPATING BIOSECURITY CHALLENGES OF THE GLOBAL
EXPANSION OF HIGH-CONTAINMENT BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES

ADEL A. F. MAHMOUD (Chair), Princeton University

MICHAEL V. CALLAHAN, DARPA

TECK-MEAN CHUA, Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association

DAVID R. FRANZ, MRIGlobal

KATSUHISA FURUKAWA, Rebuild Japan Initiative

JENNIFER GAUDIOSO, Sandia National Laboratories, International Biological Threat Reduction

BARBARA JOHNSON, Barbara Johnson & Associates, LLC

INGEGERD KALLINGS, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control

SERHIY KOMISARENKO, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry

JAMES W. LE DUC, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

ANWAR NASIM, Ministerial Standing Committee on Scientific and Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH)

PETER PALESE, Mount Sinai School of Medicine

J.   CRAIG REED, Inspirion Biosciences

WILLY TONUI, Kenya Medical Research Institute

STAFF

ALISON HOTTES, Consultant, CISAC

BENJAMIN RUSEK, Program Officer, CISAC

FRAN SHARPLES, Director, Board on Life Sciences

HEATHER CHIARELLO, Senior Program Assistant, CISAC

JO HUSBANDS, Scholar/Senior Project Director, Board on Life Sciences

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND ARMS CONTROL

 

RAYMOND JEANLOZ (Chair), University of California, Berkeley

JOHN F. AHEARNE, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society

CHRISTOPHER CHYBA, Princeton University

STEPHEN COHEN, The Brookings Institution

DAVID FRANZ, MRIGlobal

RICHARD L. GARWIN, IBM Corporation

ALASTAIR IAIN JOHNSTON, Harvard University

JAMES W. LE DUC, Galveston National Laboratory and The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston

RICHARD MIES, Independent Consultant

NORMAN NEUREITER, American Association for the Advancement of Science

PETER PALESE, Mount Sinai School of Medicine

CISAC STAFF

MICAH LOWENTHAL, Director

RITA GUENTHER, Program Officer

BENJAMIN RUSEK, Program Officer

LA’FAYE LEWIS-OLIVER, Administrative Coordinator

HEATHER CHIARELLO, Senior Program Assistant

ALISON HOTTES, Christine Mirzayan Policy Fellow

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×

BOARD ON LIFE SCIENCES

 

KEITH R. YAMAMOTO (Chair), University of California, San Francisco, California

BONNIE L. BASSLER, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey

VICKI L. CHANDLER, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California

SEAN EDDY, HHMI Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia

MARK D. FITZSIMMONS, John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Chicago, Illinois

DAVID R. FRANZ, MRIGlobal, Frederick, Maryland

LOUIS J. GROSS, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee

RICHARD A. JOHNSON, Arnold and Porter (retired), Washington, DC

CATO T. LAURENCIN, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut

BERNARD LO, University of California, San Francisco, California

ROBERT M. NEREM, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia

CAMILLE PARMESAN, University of Texas, Austin, Texas

MURIEL E. POSTON, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York

ALISON G. POWER, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

MARGARET RILEY, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts

BRUCE W. STILLMAN, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

CYNTHIA WOLBERGER, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

MARY WOOLLEY, Research!America, Alexandria, Virginia

BLS STAFF

FRANCES E. SHARPLES, Director

JO L. HUSBANDS, Scholar/Senior Project Director

JAY B. LABOV, Senior Scientist/Program Director for Biology Education

KATHERINE BOWMAN, Senior Program Officer

MARILEE K. SHELTON-DAVENPORT, Senior Program Officer

INDIA HOOK-BARNARD, Program Officer

ANNA FARRAR, Financial Associate

CARL-GUSTAV ANDERSON, Program Associate

AMANDA MAZZAWI, Senior Program Assistant

SAYYEDA AYESHA AHMED, Program Assistant

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Preface and Acknowledgments

The project, Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-containment Biological Laboratories, culminated in a workshop that took place in Istanbul, Turkey from July 10-13, 2011. The workshop would not have been possible without the contributions of many individuals. The members of the United States National Research Council (NRC) committee, which was chaired by Adel Mahmoud of Princeton University, offered numerous suggestions and guided the selection of the agenda, participants, and speakers. The country study writers, many of whom attended the workshop and presented their work (see Appendix E), provided invaluable assistance in advance of the workshop as the project was developed.

The committee and the National Research Council staff were fortunate to have the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA) as a partner in this endeavor. TÜBA Vice President Tarik Çelik, TÜBA member and Dean of Koç University’s School of Medicine Sevket Ruacan, and Professor Onder Ergonul of Koç University’s School of Medicine provided invaluable assistance in organizing and arranging for the participation of Turkish experts in the workshop.

We are grateful to Ayşe Selma İyisan of the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) who along with Ayşen Gargili of Marmara University, Sevil Erdenlig of MARA, and Naci Sivri of Gebze Plastic Manufacturer Organization (HTL) organized and led an informative tour of Pendik Veterinary Control and Research Institute’s new biosafety level 3 laboratory immediately following the conclusion of the workshop.

We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of those who gave presentations, chaired sessions, served as rapporteurs, and participated in discussions during the workshop as their reflections, deliberations, and insights form the foundation for this document.

This report has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop. The planning committee’s role was limited to planning and convening the workshop. The views contained in the report are those of individual workshop participants and do not necessarily represent the views of all workshop participants, the planning committee, or the National Research Council.

This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Academies’ Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for quality and objectivity. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Stuart Blacksell, Mahidol University, Thailand; Mohammed Hassar, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Morocco; Alemka Markotic, University Hospital for Infectious Disease, Croatia; Piers Millett, United Nations Office at Geneva; Uwe Mueller-Doblies, Institute for Animal Health, UK; Alfred Sommer, Johns Hopkins University; Mark Smolinski, Skoll Global Threats Foundation; and Victoria Sutton, Texas Tech University.

Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the report, nor did they see the final draft before its release. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. 2012. Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories: Summary of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13315.
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During July 10-13, 2011, 68 participants from 32 countries gathered in Istanbul, Turkey for a workshop organized by the United States National Research Council on Anticipating Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-containment Biological Laboratories. The United States Department of State's Biosecurity Engagement Program sponsored the workshop, which was held in partnership with the Turkish Academy of Sciences. The international workshop examined biosafety and biosecurity issues related to the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of high-containment biological laboratories- equivalent to United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention biological safety level 3 or 4 labs. Although these laboratories are needed to characterize highly dangerous human and animal pathogens, assist in disease surveillance, and produce vaccines, they are complex systems with inherent risks.

Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High-Containment Biological Laboratories summarizes the workshop discussion, which included the following topics:

  • Technological options to meet diagnostic, research, and other goals;
  • Laboratory construction and commissioning;
  • Operational maintenance to provide sustainable capabilities, safety, and security; and
  • Measures for encouraging a culture of responsible conduct.

Workshop attendees described the history and current challenges they face in their individual laboratories. Speakers recounted steps they were taking to improve safety and security, from running training programs to implementing a variety of personnel reliability measures. Many also spoke about physical security, access controls, and monitoring pathogen inventories. Workshop participants also identified tensions in the field and suggested possible areas for action.

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