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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2012. Human Performance Modification: Review of Worldwide Research with a View to the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13480.
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Appendix C

Acronyms and Abbreviations

AAAS       American Association for the Advancement of Science
AR       augmented reality
ASIC(s)       application-specific integrated circuit
         
BCI       brain-computer interface
         
CPU       central processing unit
         
EEG       electroencephalography
         
FPGA       field-programmable gate arrays
         
GPU       general-purpose processors
         
HPM       human performance modification
         
IT       information technology
         
MAR       mobile augmented reality
         
NN       neural network
         
SNN       spiking neural network
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2012. Human Performance Modification: Review of Worldwide Research with a View to the Future. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13480.
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The development of technologies to modify natural human physical and cognitive performance is one of increasing interest and concern, especially among military services that may be called on to defeat foreign powers with enhanced warfighter capabilities. Human performance modification (HPM) is a general term that can encompass actions ranging from the use of "natural" materials, such as caffeine or khat as a stimulant, to the application of nanotechnology as a drug delivery mechanism or in an invasive brain implant. Although the literature on HPM typically addresses methods that enhance performance, another possible focus is methods that degrade performance or negatively affect a military force's ability to fight.

Advances in medicine, biology, electronics, and computation have enabled an increasingly sophisticated ability to modify the human body, and such innovations will undoubtedly be adopted by military forces, with potential consequences for both sides of the battle lines. Although some innovations may be developed for purely military applications, they are increasingly unlikely to remain exclusively in that sphere because of the globalization and internationalization of the commercial research base.

Based on its review of the literature, the presentations it received and on its own expertise, the Committee on Assessing Foreign Technology Development in Human Performance Modification chose to focus on three general areas of HPM: human cognitive modification as a computational problem, human performance modification as a biological problem, and human performance modification as a function of the brain-computer interface. Human Performance Modification: Review of Worldwide Research with a View to the Future summarizes these findings.

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