National Academies Press: OpenBook
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14004.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14004.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14004.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14004.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14004.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2006. Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14004.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 569 Subject Areas Planning and Administration • Public Transit Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs ICF INTERNATIONAL Fairfax, VA TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2006 www.TRB.org Research Sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in Cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCHRP REPORT 569 Price $35.00 Project 20-65(6) ISSN 0077-5614 ISBN-13: 978-0-309-09868-7 ISBN-10: 0-309-09868-8 Library of Congress Control Number 2006936861 © 2006 Transportation Research Board COPYRIGHT PERMISSION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, or Transit Development Corporation endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the program concerned is of national importance and appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical committee selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and, while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical committee, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or the Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical committee according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, and the individual states participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this report.

CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 569 Robert J. Reilly, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, NCHRP Manager Christopher W. Jenks, TCRP Manager Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Editor NCHRP PROJECT 20-65(6) PANEL Field of Special Projects John Dockendorf, Pennsylvania DOT (Chair) Charles Carr, Mississippi DOT Edward R. Coven, Florida DOT Diane Davidson, Tennessee DOT Ron Epstein, New York State DOT Michael Sanders, Connecticut DOT David T. Spacek, Illinois DOT Larry Anderson, FHWA Liaison Lorna R. Wilson, FTA Liaison Rachel Beyerle, AASHTO Liaison David H. Clawson, AASHTO Liaison Richard Weaver, APTA Liaison Christopher Zeilinger, CTAA Liaison Peter Shaw, TRB Liaison C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S

This report should be of interest to transit system managers, state DOT transit officials, and others interested in the levels and types of state funding provided for public transportation. The report provides supplemental analyses of information collected in the U.S.DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics’ (BTS) annual survey of state public transportation funding conducted for the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and the American Public Transportation Association (APTA). It includes a variety of peer analyses and offers straightforward visual displays of the results. The report also provides a framework for conducting peer analyses and offers ideas on how the annual survey of state public transporta- tion funding can be improved by AASHTO and APTA in the future so that states may conduct additional meaningful analyses. Starting with FY 2003, AASHTO and APTA jointly publish an annual Survey of State Funding for Public Transportation. This survey is conducted by the U.S.DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) for AASHTO and APTA. Prior to FY 2003, TCRP collected information on state funding for public transportation through its Project J-6, “Quick Response for Special Needs.” Information collected for FY 2002 is available in TCRP Research Results Digest 60: Characteristics of State Funding for Public Transportation—2002. Although this information is very helpful, there has been a need for more analysis of this basic financial data to better enable states to understand and utilize this funding information. Under NCHRP Project 20-65(6), ICF International was retained to compare and analyze AASHTO/APTA’s basic state funding information collected by BTS for the different public transportation funding programs to better enable states to conduct peer analyses and other comparative state funding reviews and evaluation activities. To complete the project objective, the research team conducted interviews with a wide range of individuals with strong interest in supplementing the information collected in the annual state public transportation funding survey. The interviews targeted members of the project panel; the AASHTO Standing Committee on Public Transportation (SCOPT); the AASHTO Multi-state Technical Assistance Program (MTAP); the APTA State Affairs Committee; and staff at AASHTO, APTA, and the Community Transportation Associa- tion of America (CTAA). Based on these interviews, a number of specific funding compar- isons and analyses were identified, conducted, and presented in a visual format for the intended audience. F O R E W O R D By Christopher W. Jenks TCRP Manager Transportation Research Board

C O N T E N T S 1 Section 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Purpose 1 1.2 Research Approach 2 1.3 Summary of 2004 Survey of State Funding for Public Transportation 6 Section 2 Peer Group Framework and Analysis 6 2.1 Framework for Creating Peer Groups 11 2.2 Peer Group Analysis 32 Section 3 Visual Display of Funding Information 33 3.1 Trends in State and Federal Transit Fundings 37 3.2 Per Capita Funding 37 3.3 Sources of Funds 40 3.4 Funding Categories 41 Section 4 Additional Information for the Survey 43 Section 5 Conclusions 44 Appendix National and State-by-State Funding Comparisons

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 569: Comparative Review and Analysis of State Transit Funding Programs examines the levels and types of state funding provided for public transportation. The report provides supplemental analyses of information collected in the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics' annual survey of state public transportation funding and explores a framework for conducting peer analyses and offers ideas on how the annual survey of state public transportation funding might be enhanced so that states could conduct additional analyses.

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