National Academies Press: OpenBook

Aviation Workforce Development Practices (2010)

Chapter: Front Matter

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Aviation Workforce Development Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14368.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Aviation Workforce Development Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14368.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Aviation Workforce Development Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14368.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Aviation Workforce Development Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14368.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Aviation Workforce Development Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14368.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2010. Aviation Workforce Development Practices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14368.
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TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2010 www.TRB.org A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP SYNTHESIS 18 Research Sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration SUBSCRIBER CATEGORIES Aviation • Education and Training Aviation Workforce Development Practices A Synthesis of Airport Practice CONSULTANT SETH B. YOUNG International Aviation Management Group, Inc. Columbus, Ohio

AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in transportation of people and goods and in regional, national, and international commerce. They are where the nation’s aviation sys- tem connects with other modes of transportation and where federal responsibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common oper- ating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near-term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Cooperative Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Program. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, maintenance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and adminis- tration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport operators can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100-Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant indus- try organizations such as the Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA), the American Association of Airport Execu- tives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Transport Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and sec- retariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program spon- sor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of air- port professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research organizations. Each of these participants has different interests and responsibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited period- ically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by identifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport professionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels prepare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing coop- erative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended end-users of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work- shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport-industry practitioners. ACRP SYNTHESIS 18 Project 11-03, Topic S06-01 ISSN 1935-9187 ISBN 978-0-309-14306-6 Library of Congress Control Number 2010923251 © 2010 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. Such approval reflects the Governing Board’s judgment that the project concerned is appropriate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the technical advisory panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied are those of the research agency that performed the research, and while they have been accepted as appropriate by the technical panel, they are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the Federal Aviation Administration of the U.S. Department of Transportation. Each report is reviewed and accepted for publication by the technical panel according to procedures established and monitored by the Transportation Research Board Executive Committee and the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the Federal Aviation Administration (sponsor of the Airport Cooperative Research Program) do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the clarity and completeness of the project reporting. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished schol- ars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and techni- cal matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Acad- emy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve- ments of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academyís purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Acad- emy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scien- tific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both the Academies and the Insti- tute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisci- plinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation depart- ments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org

ACRP COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT 11-03 CHAIR BURR STEWART Port of Seattle MEMBERS RANDALL P. BURDETTE Virginia Department of Aviation GARY C. CATHEY California Department of Transportation KEVIN C. DOLLIOLE Unison Consulting, Inc. JULIE KENFIELD Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc. CAROLYN MOTZ Hagerstown Regional Airport FAA LIAISON RANDY MOSENG ACI–NORTH AMERICA LIAISON J.J. MULDOON AIRCRAFT OWNERS AND PILOTS ASSOCIATION LIAISON JOHN L. COLLINS TRB LIAISON CHRISTINE GERENCHER COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAMS STAFF CHRISTOPHER W. JENKS, Director, Cooperative Research Programs CRAWFORD F. JENCKS, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs MICHAEL R. SALAMONE, Senior Program Officer EILEEN DELANEY, Director of Publications ACRP SYNTHESIS STAFF STEPHEN R. GODWIN, Director for Studies and Special Programs JON M. WILLIAMS, Program Director, IDEA and Synthesis Studies GAIL R. STABA, Senior Program Officer DON TIPPMAN, Editor CHERYL KEITH, Senior Program Assistant DEBBIE IRVIN, Program Associate TOPIC PANEL MICHAEL AUDINO, University of South Florida, Tampa TIM CALLISTER, Mead & Hunt, Inc., Minneapolis SUSAN CRANE, SkillUp Washington, Seattle CHRISTINE GERENCHER, Transportation Research Board DELORES HOFMAN, Queens Air Services Development Office DAVID NEWMYER, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale KARA SANDIFUR, 459 Current Ops, USAF, Odenton, MD GEORGE STAMAS, Bureau of Labor Statistics WILLIAM A. WHITLEY, Boeing Company, Everett, WA PAUL L. FRIEDMAN, Federal Aviation Administration (Liaison) AIMEE A. MCCORMICK, Federal Aviation Administration (Liaison)

Airport administrators, engineers, and researchers often face problems for which infor- mation already exists, either in documented form or as undocumented experience and practice. This information may be fragmented, scattered, and unevaluated. As a conse- quence, full knowledge of what has been learned about a problem may not be brought to bear on its solution. Costly research findings may go unused, valuable experience may be overlooked, and due consideration may not be given to recommended practices for solving or alleviating the problem. There is information on nearly every subject of concern to the airport industry. Much of it derives from research or from the work of practitioners faced with problems in their day-to-day work. To provide a systematic means for assembling and evaluating such useful information and to make it available to the entire airport community, the Airport Cooperative Research Program authorized the Transportation Research Board to undertake a continuing project. This project, ACRP Project 11-03, “Synthesis of Information Re- lated to Airport Practices,” searches out and synthesizes useful knowledge from all available sources and prepares concise, documented reports on specific topics. Reports from this endeavor constitute an ACRP report series, Synthesis of Airport Practice. This synthesis series reports on current knowledge and practice, in a compact format, without the detailed directions usually found in handbooks or design manuals. Each report in the series provides a compendium of the best knowledge available on those measures found to be the most successful in resolving specific problems. FOREWORD A workforce of trained and skilled professionals is essential to the health and growth of the aviation industry. In addition to the labor needs of the nation’s air carriers and air traf- fic control workforce, thousands of the nation’s airports and hundreds of aviation compa- nies are in need of a wide range of talent to perform a wide variety of functions, from fun- damental operations tasks to filling higher-level strategic management roles. Local, state, and federal agencies, as well as aviation planning, engineering, and management consult- ing firms require a workforce that is both technically educated and experienced in the op- eration of the nation’s aviation system. Despite this need, many in the industry are finding it difficult to hire and develop workforce talent with the education and skills to help ad- vance the industry. The purpose of this report is to synthesize information on airport oper- ating entity jobs and related skill sets needed to perform those jobs. This synthesis is in- tended for managers of airports and other aviation industry organizations that wish to gain insight into the workforce development needs, opportunities, and resources available to the industry, and also identifies opportunities and resources that provide training on the skill sets needed to fulfill airport-related jobs. Gaps between skill sets and educational and ad- vancement opportunities are documented. Information used in this study was acquired through a review of the literature and survey of airport operators and industry experts. Seth B. Young, International Aviation Management Group, Inc., Columbus, Ohio, col- lected and synthesized the information and wrote the report. The members of the topic panel are acknowledged on the preceding page. This synthesis is an immediately useful document that records the practices that were acceptable within the limitations of the knowledge avail- able at the time of its preparation. As progress in research and practice continues, new knowledge will be added to that now at hand. PREFACE By Gail R. Staba Senior Program Officer Transportation Research Board

CONTENTS 1 SUMMARY 3 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Defining “Workforce Development,” 3 Workforce Development in the Aviation Industry, 4 Organization of Report, 4 5 CHAPTER TWO AVIATION INDUSTRY WORKFORCE Regional, State, and Federal Government Aviation Departments, 5 Airports, 5 Aviation Planning, Engineering, and Consulting Firms, 7 10 CHAPTER THREE EXISTING AVIATION WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES In-House Programs, 10 Organizations Providing Workforce Development Resources, 11 23 CHAPTER FOUR INNOVATIVE WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES Internship and Apprenticeship Programs, 23 Integrated Partnerships, 23 Airport and University Partnerships, 24 28 CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSIONS Conclusions, 28 Further Research, 28 30 REFERENCES 31 APPENDIX A UAA Member Institutions of Higher Education 36 APPENDIX B Aviation Professional Organizations with Workforce Development Resources

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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 18: Aviation Workforce Development Practices explores airport operating entity jobs and related skill sets needed to perform those jobs. The report also identifies potential ways to gain training on the skill sets needed to fulfill airport-related jobs and notes gaps where skill sets, and educational and advancement opportunities, may exist.

Errata

On page 13 of ACRP Synthesis 18, the first paragraph under the heading Accredited Airport Executive (AAE) and Certified Member (CM) Programs was incomplete. The paragraph should read:

"The AAAE’s accredited airport executive program is widely accepted in the industry as one of the standard programs for developing executive-level airport professionals. To satisfy the written requirement, a candidate may choose to write a research paper on an approved topic, take and pass a proctored essay examination, write a case study on an approved topic, or submit documentation of a completed master’s degree. Candidates do have access to an AAAE staff member for support while completing the written requirement; however, staff does not help candidates develop research for their written report. The Academic Relations Committee sponsors a mentor program pairing already accredited professionals with student members of the association. The South Central Chapter sponsors a week-long Academy to help prepare candidates for the multiple choice exam. There are three academies each year. Members of the AAAE Academic Relations Committee include AAAE members."

TRB publication errata information is available online.

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