Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
74 RefeRences American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO), Policies on Geometric Highway Design, AASHO, Wash- ington, D.C., 1954. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 2001. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 2004. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), Highway Safety Manual, AASHTO, Washington, D.C., 2010. Bared, J.G., P.K. Edara, and R. Jagannathan, âDesign and Operational Performance of Double Crossover Inter- section and Diverging Diamond Interchange,â Transpor- tation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1912, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 31â38. Bidulka, S., T. Sayed, and Y. Hassan, âInfluence of Verti- cal Alignment on Horizontal Curve PerceptionâPhase I: Examining the Hypothesis,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 12â23. Brewer, M.A., S.P. Venglar, L. Ding, K. Fitzpatrick, and B. Park, Operations and Safety of Super 2 Corridors with Higher Volumes, Report No. FHWA/TX-11/0-6135-1, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, 2011. Cafiso, S., R. Lamm, and G. La Cava, âFuzzy Model for Safety Evaluation Process of New and Old Roads,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board, No. 1881, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005a, pp. 54â62. Cafiso, S., A. Di Graziano, and G. La Cava, âActual Driving Data Analysis for Design Consistency Evaluation,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1912, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005b, pp. 19â30. Calcote, L.R., et al., Determination of the Operational Perfor- mance for a Roadside Accident Countermeasure System, Final Report on FHWA Contract No. DOT-FH-11-9523, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Tex., 1985. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), California Highway Design Manual, Caltrans, Sacramento, 2001. Campbell, J., C. Richard, and J. Graham, NCHRP Report 600A: Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Campbell, J.L., C.M. Richard, J.L. Brown, M.G. Lichty, J. Graham, and M. OâLaughlin, NCHRP Report 600C: Human Factors Guidelines for Road Systems, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010. Carlson, P.J., J.D. Miles, and P.K. Johnson, âDaytime High- Speed Passing Maneuvers Observed on Rural Two-Lane, Two-Way Highway: Findings and Implications,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board, No. 1961, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 9â15. Carter, D., J.E. Hummer, R.S. Foyle, and S. Phillips, âOpera- tional and Safety Effects of U-Turns at Signalized Inter- sections,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1912, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005a, pp. 11â18. Carter, D.L., W.W. Hunter, C.V. Zegeer, J.R. Stewart, and H.F. Huang, Safety Index for Assessing Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety at Intersections, Draft Final Report, Federal High- way Administration, Washington, D.C., July 2005b. Chaudhary, N.A. and C.J. Messer, âFreeway On-Ramp Design Criteria for Ramp Meters with Excessive Queue Detectors,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 80â85. Cooper, P., Analysis of Roadside Encroachments: Single- Vehicle Run-off-Road Accident Data Analysis for Five Provinces, B.C. Research, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Mar. 1980. Dixon, K.K., M. Liebler, H. Zhu, M.P. Hunter, and B. Mattox, NCHRP Report 612: Safe and Aesthetic Design of Urban Roadside Treatments, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Donnell, E.T., S.C. Himes, K.M. Mahoney, R.J. Porter, and H. McGee, Speed Concepts: Informational Guide, Report No. FHWA-SA-10-001, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 2009. Dumbaugh, E., âDesign of Safe Urban Roadsides: An Empir- ical Analysis,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1961, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 74â82. Easa, S.M. and A.A. El Halim, âRadius Requirements for Trucks on Three-Dimensional Reverse Horizon- tal Curves with Intermediate Tangents,â Transporta- tion Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1961, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 83â93. Easa, S.M. and Z.A. Ali, âThree-Dimensional Stop-Control Intersection Sight Distance: General Model,â Transpor- tation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation
75 Research Board, No. 1961, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 94â103. Easa, S.M., âLength Requirements for New Single-Arc Unsymmetrical Vertical Curve: Crest Type,â Transpor- tation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2060, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, pp. 38â45. Eccles, K.A., et al., NCHRP Report 524: Design, Operation, and Safety of At-Grade Crossings of Exclusive Busways, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007. El Esawey, M. and T. Sayed, âComparison of Two Un- conventional Intersection Schemes: Crossover Displaced Left-Turn and Upstream Signalized Crossover Inter- sections,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2023, Transpor- tation Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2007, pp. 10â19. Eyler, D.R., âArterial Interchange,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1912, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 65â71. Fambro, D.B., K. Fitzpatrick, and R.J. Koppa, âNew Stop- ping Sight Distance Model for Use in Highway Geometric Design,â Transportation Research Record 1701, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2000, pp. 1â8. Fitzpatrick, K. and M. Wooldridge, NCHRP Synthesis 299: Recent Geometric Design Research for Improved Safety and Operations, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2001. Fitzpatrick, K. and P.J. Carlson, âSelection of Design Speed Values,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 3â11. Fitzpatrick, K., P. Carlson, M.A. Brewer, M.D. Wooldridge, and S. Miaou, NCHRP Report 504: Design Speed, Oper- ating Speed, and Posted Speed Practices, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003a. Fitzpatrick, K., M.A. Brewer, and S.P. Venglar, Managed Lane Ramp and Roadway Design Issues, Report No. FHWA/TX-03/4160-10, Texas Department of Transpor- tation, Austin, 2003b. Fitzpatrick, K., W.H. Schneider IV, and E.S. Park, âOpera- tion and Safety of Right-Turn Lane Designs,â Transpor- tation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1961, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 55â64. Fitzpatrick, K., M.A. Brewer, and E.S. Park, Intermediate Access to Buffer-Separated Managed Lanes, Report No. FHWA/TX-07/0-5547-1, Texas Department of Transpor- tation, Austin, 2007. Fitzpatrick, K. and K. Zimmerman, âPotential Changes to 2004 Green Bookâs Adjustment Factors for Entrance and Exit Terminals,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2023, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2007, pp. 1â9. Garrick, N.W. and J. Wang, âNew Concepts for Context-Based Design of Streets and Highways,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1912, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 57â64. Gattis, J.L., R. Bhave, and L.K. Duncan, âAlternating Pass- ing Lane Lengths,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1961, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 16â23. Gattis, J.L., J.S. Gluck, J.M. Barlow, R.W. Eck, W.F. Heckler, and H.S. Levinson, NCHRP Report 659: Guide for the Geometric Design of Driveways, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010. Gluck, J., H.S. Levinson, and V. Stover, NCHRP Report 420: Impacts of Access Management Techniques, Trans- portation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1999. Graham, J.L. and J.C. Glennon, Work Zone Design Con- siderations for Truck Operations and Pavement/Shoulder Drop-offs, Report No. MRI-7020-S, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1984. Graham, J.L., K.R. Richard, and D.W. Harwood, Safety Evalu- ation of the Safety Edge TreatmentâFinal Report, Mid- west Research Institute, Kansas City, Mo., 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.pooledfund.org/documents/TPF-5_ 097/110495-01R-Year-3-Final-Report.pdf [accessed May 25, 2011]. Gross, F., K. Eccles, P.P. Jovanis, and K. Chen, Safety Eval- uation of Lane and Shoulder Width Combinations on Rural, Two-Lane, Undivided Roads, FHWA Tech Brief, Publication No. FHWA-HRT-09-032, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., 2009. Hallmark, S.L., et al., Safety Impacts of Pavement Edge Drop-Offs, AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washing- ton, D.C., 2006. Harkey, D.L., et al., NCHRP Report 617: Accident Modifica- tion Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Harwood, D.W., M.T. Pietrucha, M.D. Wooldridge, R.E. Brydia, and K. Fitzpatrick, NCHRP Report 375: Median Intersection Design, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1995. Harwood, D., et al., Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes, Report No. FHWA-RD-02-089, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., 2002. Harwood, D.W., E.R. Kohlman Rabbani, K.R. Richard, H.W. McGee, and G.L. Gittings, NCHRP Report 486: System- wide Impact of Safety and Traffic Operations Design
76 Decisions for 3R Projects, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003a. Harwood, D.W., D.J. Torbic, K.R. Richard, W.D. Glauz, and L. Elefteriadou, NCHRP Report 505: Review of Truck Characteristics as Factors in Roadway Design, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003b. Harwood, D.W., D.K. Gilmore, K.R. Richard, J.M. Dunn, and C. Sun, NCHRP Report 605: Passing Sight Distance Criteria, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Hassan, Y., T. Sayed, and S. Bidulka, âInfluence of Vertical Alignment on Horizontal Curve PerceptionâPhase II: Modeling Perceived Radius,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 24â34. Hassan, Y., âImproved Design of Vertical Curves with Sight Distance Profiles,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1851, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2004, pp. 13â24. Hawkins, H.G. and M. Gogula, âAssessment of Sag Curve Design Criteria Considering Modern Headlamp Perfor- mance,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2060, Transporta- tion Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2008, pp. 3â9. Highway Capacity Manual, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010. Huang, H.F., J.R. Stewart, and C.V. Zegeer, âEvaluation of Lane Reduction âRoad Dietâ Measures on Crashes and Injuries,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1784, Transpor- tation Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2002, pp. 80â90. Hughes, W., R. Jagannathan, D. Sengupta, and J. Hummer, Alternative Intersections/Interchanges: Informational Report (AIIR), Report No. FHWA-HRT-09-060, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 2010. Hutchinson, J.W. and T.W. Kennedy, Medians of Divided HighwaysâFrequency and Nature of Vehicle Encroach- ments, Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin 487, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1966. Isebrands, H., âCrash Analysis of Roundabouts at High-Speed Rural Intersections,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2096, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009, pp. 1â7. Jagannathan, R. and J.G. Bared, âDesign and Operational Performance of Crossover Displaced Left-Turn Inter- sections,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1881, Transpor- tation Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2005, pp. 1â10. Kikuchi, S., M. Kii, and P. Chakroborty, âLengths of Dou- ble or Dual Left-Turn Lanes,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1881, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 72â78. Kikuchi, S., N. Kronprasert, and M. Kii, âLengths of Turn Lanes on Intersection Approaches: Three-Branch Fork LanesâLeft-Turn, Through, and Right-Turn Lanes,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 2023, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007, pp. 92â101. Kikuchi, S. and N. Kronprasert, âDetermining the Length of the Right-Turn Lane at a Signalized Intersection,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board, No. 2060, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, pp. 19â28. Kindler, C., R.M. Wood, D.W. Harwood, T.R. Neuman, I.B. Potts, and N. Antonucci, âIntersection Diagnostic Review Module: Expert System for Geometric Design Review of Intersections on Rural Two-Lane Highways,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board, No. 1851, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2004, pp. 3â12. Koepke, F.J. and H.S. Levinson, NCHRP Report 348: Access Management Guidelines for Activity Centers, Transporta- tion Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 1992. Kononov, J., B. Bailey, and B.K. Allery, âRelationships Between Safety and Both Congestion and Number of Lanes on Urban Freeways,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2083, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, pp. 26â39. Kuhn, B.T., et al., Managed Lanes Handbook, Report No. FHWA/TX-06/0-4160-24, Texas Department of Trans- portation, Austin, 2005. Kuhn, B.T., Efficient Use of Highway Capacity Summary, Report No. FHWA-HOP-10-023, Federal Highway Admin- istration, Washington, D.C., 2010. Lamm, R., B. Psarianos, and S. Cafiso, âSafety Evaluation Process for Two-Lane Rural RoadsâA 10-Year Review,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 51â59. Lee, J., N.M. Rouphail, and J.E. Hummer, âModels for Lane Utilization Prediction for Lane Drop Intersections,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transporta- tion Research Board, No. 1912, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 47â56. Leisch, J., J.M. Mason, J.M. Schoen, C.A. Fuhs, and D.R. McDonald, Freeway and Interchange Geometric Design Handbook, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Wash- ington, D.C., 2005. Long, G., âIntervehicle Spacings and Queue Characteristics,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transpor-
77 tation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 86â96. Lord, D. and J.A. Bonneson, âDevelopment of Accident Modification Factors for Rural Frontage Road Segments in Texas,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2023, Transpor- tation Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2007, pp. 20â27. Lyles, R.W. and W.C. Taylor, NCHRP Report 559: Commu- nicating Changes in Horizontal Alignment, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006. Mahoney, K.M., R.J. Porter, D.R. Taylor, B.T. Kulakowski, and G.L. Ullman, NCHRP Report 581: Design of Con- struction Work Zones on High-Speed Highways, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007. Mak, K.K. and D.L. Sicking, NCHRP Report 492: Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP)âEngineerâs Manual, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003. Martin, P., TCRP Synthesis 64: Bus Use of Shoulders, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006. Maze, T.H., J.L. Hochstein, R.R. Souleyrette, H. Preston, and R. Storm, NCHRP Report 650: Median Intersection Design for Rural High-Speed Divided Highways, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010. McGee, H.W., NCHRP Synthesis 417: Geometric Design Practices for Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabili- tation, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011. Morena, D., âThe Nature and Severity of Drift-Off-Road Crashes on Michigan Freeways, and the Effectiveness of Various Shoulder Rumble Strip Designs,â presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., Jan. 12â16, 2003. Neuman, T.R., R. Pfefer, K.L. Slack, K.K. Hardy, K. Lacy, and C. Zegeer, NCHRP Report 500: Guidance for Imple- mentation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Volume 3: A Guide for Addressing Collisions With Trees in Hazardous Locations, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003a. Neuman, T.R., R. Pfefer, K.L. Slack, K.K. Hardy, H. McGee, L. Prothe, K. Eccles, and F. Council, NCHRP Report 500: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Volume 4: A Guide for Addressing Head-on Collisions, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003b. Neuman, T.R., et al., NCHRP Report 500: Guidance for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan, Volume 5: A Guide for Addressing Unsignalized Intersection Collisions, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003c. Olson, D., B. Manchas, R.W. Glad, and M. Sujka, Perfor- mance Analysis of Centerline Rumble Strips in Washing- ton State, Report No. WA-RD 768.1, Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, 2011. Pawlovich, M., L. Wen, A. Carriquiry, and T. Welch, âIowaâs Experience with Road Diet Measures: Use of Bayesian Approach to Assess Impacts on Crash Frequencies and Crash Rates,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1953, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 163â171. Pein, W.E., Trail Intersection Design Guidelines, Highway Safety Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Sep. 1996. Perchonok, K., T.A. Ranney, A.S. Baum, D.F. Morris, and J.D. Eppich, Hazardous Effects of Highway Features and Roadside Objects, Vol. 2, Report No. FHWA-RD-78-202, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1978. Perco, P., âDesirable Length of Spiral Curves for Two-Lane Rural Roads,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1961, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 1â8. Persaud, B.N., R.A. Retting, and C. Lyon, Crash Reduction Following Installation of Centerline Rumble Strips on Rural Two-Lane Roads, Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Va., 2003. Plaxico, C.A., et al., NCHRP Report 537: Recommended Guidelines for Curb and Curb-Barrier Installations, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2005. Potts, I.B. and D.W. Harwood, NCHRP Research Results Digest 275: Application of European 2+1 Roadway Designs,â Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., Apr. 2003. Potts, I.B., et al., NCHRP Report 524: Safety of U-Turns at Unsignalized Median Openings, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2004. Potts, I.B., J.F. Ringert, D.W. Harwood, and K.M. Bauer, âOperational and Safety Effects of Right-Turn Deceleration Lanes on Urban and Suburban Arterials,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2023, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007a, pp. 52â62. Potts, I.B., D.W. Harwood, and K.R. Richard, âRelationship of Lane Width to Safety on Urban and Suburban Arte- rials,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2023, Transporta- tion Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2007b, pp. 63â82. Raborn, C., et al., NCHRP Report 500: Guidance for Imple- mentation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Planâ Volume 18: A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Bicycles, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Rakha, H., A.M. Flintsch, M. Arafeh, A.G. Abdel-Salam, D. Dua, and M. Abbas, Access Control Design on Highway
78 Interchanges, Report No. VTRC 08-CR7, Virginia Depart- ment of Transportation, Richmond, 2008. Ray, B., et al., NCHRP Report 613: Guidelines for Selec- tion of Speed Reduction Treatments at High-Speed Inter- sections, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Ray, B., J. Schoen, P. Jenior, J. Knudsen, R.J. Porter, J.P. Leisch, J. Mason, and R. Roess, NCHRP Report 687: Guidelines for Ramp and Interchange Spacing, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011. Robinson, B.W., et al., Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, Report No. FHWA-RD-00-067, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., 2000. Rodegerdts, L.A., et al., Signalized Intersections: Informa- tional Guide, Report No. FHWA-HRT-04-091, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., 2004. Rodegerdts, L., et al., NCHRP Report 572: Roundabouts in the United States, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007. Rodegerdts, L., et al., NCHRP Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, Second Edition, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2010. Russell, E.R. and M.J. Rys, NCHRP Synthesis 339: Centerline Rumble StripsâA Synthesis of Highway Practice, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005. Sarhan, M. and Y. Hassan, âThree-Dimensional, Probabilis- tic Highway Design: Sight Distance Application,â Trans- portation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2060, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, pp. 10â18. Sayed, T., P. Storer, and G. Wong, âUpstream Signalized Crossover Intersection: Optimization and Performance Issues,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1961, Transporta- tion Research Board of the National Academies, Wash- ington, D.C., 2006, pp. 44â54. Schroeder, B., et al., NCHRP Report 674: Crossing Solutions at Roundabouts and Channelized Turn Lanes for Pedes- trians with Vision Disabilities, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011. Schurr, K.S., P.T. McCoy, G. Pesti, and R. Huff, âRelation- ship of Design, Operating, and Posted Speeds on Hori- zontal Curves of Rural Two-Lane Highways in Nebraska,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transpor- tation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 60â71. Schurr, K.S., B.W. Spargo, R.R. Huff, and G. Pesti, âPre- dicted 95th Percentile Speeds on Curved Alignments Approaching a Stop,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1912, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 1â10. Shin, E.K., J.H. Lee, J.H. Kim, J.S. Kim, and Y.W. Jeong, âTwo-Level Signalized Intersection,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2060, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, pp. 53â64. Simmonite, B.F. and M.J. Chick, âDevelopment of the Dis- placed Right-Turn Intersection,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1881, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 11â18. Son, Y., S. Kim, and J. Lee, âMethodology to Calculate Sight Distance Available to Drivers at Skewed Intersections,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 41â47. Stamatiadis, N., J. Pigman, J. Sacksteder, W. Ruff, and D. Lord, NCHRP Report 633: Impact of Shoulder Width and Median Width on Safety, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009. Staplin, L., K. Lococo, S. Byington, and D. Harkey, High- way Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestri- ans, Report No. FHWA-RD-01-103, Federal Highway Administration, McLean, Va., 2002 [Online]. Available: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/ humanfac/01103/index.cfm. Tarko, A.P., N.M. Villwock, and N. Blond, âEffect of Median Design on Rural Freeway Safety: Flush Medians with Concrete Barriers and Depressed Medians,â Transpor- tation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2060, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007, pp. 29â37. Torbic, D.J., D.W. Harwood, K.R. Richard, and W.D. Glauz, âDetermining Critical Length of Grade for Geometric Design of Vertical Alignments,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1881, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 36â45. Torbic, D.J., et al., NCHRP Report 641: Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rum- ble Strips, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009. United States Access Board, Proposed Accessibility Guide- lines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way, U.S. Access Board, Washington, D.C., 2011 [Online]. Available: http://www.access-board.gov/PROWAC/nprm. htm [accessed Aug. 12, 2011]. Venglar, S., D. Fenno, S. Goel, and P. Schrader, Managed LanesâTraffic Modeling, Report No. FHWA/TX-02/ 4160-4, Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, 2002. Wang, J., K.K. Dixon, H. Li, and M. Hunter, âOperating-Speed Model for Low-Speed Urban Tangent Streets Based on In- Vehicle Global Positioning System Data,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1961, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2006, pp. 24â33.
79 Wang, Z., âPlacement Design of Ramp Control Signals,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transpor- tation Research Board, No. 2023, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007, pp. 83â91. Wooldridge, M.D., K. Fitzpatrick, D.W. Harwood, I.B. Potts, L. Elefteriadou, and D.J. Torbic, NCHRP Report 502: Geometric Design Consistency on High-Speed Rural Two-Lane Roadways, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2003. Wright, P.H. and L. Robertson, âPriorities for Roadside Haz- ard Modification: A Study of 300 Fatal Roadside Object Crashes,â Traffic Engineering, Vol. 46, No. 8, 1976. Yan, X. and E. Radwan, âGeometric Models to Calculate Intersection Sight Distance for Unprotected Left-Turn Traffic,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1881, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2005, pp. 46â53. Zegeer, C., et al., NCHRP Report 500: Guidance for Imple- mentation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Planâ Volume 10: A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Pedestrians, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Zhou, H., J.J. Lu, X.K. Yang, S. Dissanayake, and K.M. Wil- liams, âOperational Effects of U-Turns as Alternatives to Direct Left Turns from Driveways,â Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1796, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002, pp. 72â79.