National Academies Press: OpenBook
Page i
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R1
Page ii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R2
Page iii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R3
Page iv
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R4
Page v
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R5
Page vi
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R6
Page vii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R7
Page viii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R8
Page ix
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R9
Page x
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R10
Page xi
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R11
Page xii
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2012. Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/14667.
×
Page R12

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 65 TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2012 www.TRB.org Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviation  •  Operations and Traffic Management Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning J. Michael Nash Rose Agnew AviAtion innovAtion, LLC St. Louis, MO Stephanie A.D. Ward Regan A. Massey Tim Callister Ron McNeill MeAd & Hunt, inC. Madison, WI Frank Barich Justin Phy BAriCH, inC. Chandler, AZ Eric Tolton GreAter toronto Airports AutHority Toronto, Canada

AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans­ portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter­ national commerce. They are where the nation’s aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon­ sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera­ tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative near­term solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon­ sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera­ tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro­ gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte­ nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera­ tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100­Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary partici­ pants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport oper­ ating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council International­North America (ACI­NA), the American Association of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), and the Air Trans­ port Association (ATA) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga­ nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon­ sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden­ tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro­ fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre­ pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper­ ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended end­users of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work­ shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airport­industry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 65 Project 10­10 ISSN 1935­9802 ISBN 978­0­309­21385­1 Library of Congress Control Number 2012930541 © 2012 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not­for­profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not­for­profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.national­academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta- tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu- als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 65 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Theresia H. Schatz, Senior Program Officer Joseph J. Brown-Snell, Program Associate Tiana Barnes, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Doug English, Editor ACRP PROJECT 10-10 PANEL Field of Operations Torrance Richardson, Fort Wayne–Allen County (IN) Airport Authority, Fort Wayne, IN (Chair) Daniel D’Ambrosio, National Air Traffic Controllers’ Association, Las Vegas, NV Al Graser, The Port Authority of NY & NJ (retired), Port Washington, NY Philip D. Hogg, Ricondo & Associates, Inc., Chicago, IL F. Paul Martinez, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, DFW Airport, TX Randy S. Satrum, NWA – General Manager, Retired, Parker, CO Ashly “Jerry” Tissera, Servisair, Philadelphia, PA Livaughn Chapman, Jr., FAA Liaison Paul James Eubanks, Airports Council International – North America Liaison Richard A. Cunard, TRB Liaison

F O R E W O R D ACRP Report 65: Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning is a practical guidebook for commercial passenger service airports of all sizes to develop, continually evaluate, and update their contingency plans for procedures pertaining to IROPS that may cause significant disruptions to customers. This guidebook assists aviation system partners in improving their response to customer care during a broad array of IROPS conditions and with step­by­step templates for the preparation of contingency plans that include necessary communications, collaboration, and coordination to address customer needs. A specific focus on the needs of smaller airports has been included in the development of the guidebook. Meeting customer core needs during irregular operations (IROPS) is a critical problem for airports, airlines, and aviation service providers. IROPS are events that disrupt optimized flight schedules and negatively affect the normal flow of passengers through the air transportation system. In the wake of weather­related multi­hour disruptions in 2007 and 2008, several workshops (including the September 2007 Dallas–Fort Worth (DFW) IROPS Workshop, the July 2008 DFW Regional Diversion Airport/Airline Workshop, and the January 2008 ACI­NA IROPS Workshop) were held to proactively address these challenges and set the stage for communication, collaboration, and coordination and identify best practices within the industry. These workshops identified potential action areas for improvement, among which were: • Airlines, airports, government agencies, and other system partners should update contingency plans and should include sufficient collaboration; • Communication among these parties should be collaborative, coordinated, and ongoing; and • Service providers (e.g., concessionaires, ground transportation) should continually evaluate the level of services provided in meeting customer needs during IROPS. To address these action areas, a national task force was appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation and produced model contingency plan recommenda­ tions in November 2008. This task force included government employees, representatives of airlines, airports, and consumer groups. The task force produced a recommended Model Plan for Lengthy Airline Onboard Ground Delays. The Department of Transportation also established regulations for enhancing airline passenger protections, which require air carriers to develop and adhere to individual contingency plans at all airports they serve, including diversion airports. In addition, at the more recent forum conducted by the Federal By Theresia H. Schatz Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

Aviation Administration on November 30, 2011, with airlines, airports, and government officials, the FAA pledged to make immediate changes to eliminate lengthy tarmac delays due to IROPS. Contingency planning for large, medium, and small airports, using a collaborative and coordinated approach among key airport stakeholders, is essential to address current and evolving aviation challenges that disrupt the normal flow of passengers through the air transportation system. This research has been conducted to provide additional assistance in this area. ACRP Report 65 provides the checklists to develop, continually evaluate, and update contingency plans for response procedures pertaining to IROPS. Access to an interactive form of the practical checklists can be accessed on the TRB website at http://www.trb.org/ Main/Blurbs/166569.aspx.

PART 1. Fundamentals of IROPS Planning xi How to use this Guidebook 1 Introduction 1 Why do we need a guidebook? 1 How does this guidebook meet the need? 2 Who can use the guidebook? 3 Role of the IROPS Champion and partnering for success 5 Process for developing an IROPS Response Plan 7 Chapter 1 – Executive Buy-In/Get Organized 7 1.1 Description 7 1.2 Creating Executive Buy-In 7 1.3 Identifying the IROPS Champion 7 1.4 Establishing IROPS Contingency Response Committee 8 1.5 Notification and Contact Lists 9 Chapter 2 – Document Current Situation 9 2.1 Description 9 2.2 Reviewing Existing IROPS Response Plans 10 2.3 Reviewing Local IROPS Events and Assessing Local Situation 11 2.4 Passenger Needs 12 2.5 Current Response Capabilities 13 Chapter 3 – Establish Procedures to Cooperate 13 3.1 Description 13 3.2 Cooperation Procedures 14 3.3 Technology Considerations 15 Chapter 4 – Review, Update, and Training 15 4.1 Description 15 4.2 Periodic Review 15 4.3 Update 15 4.4 Training 17 Chapter 5 – Consolidated Cooperation Actions during an Event 17 5.1 Description 17 5.2 Monitoring IROPS Event Indicators 18 5.3 Executing IROPS Response Plans and Procedures 21 Chapter 6 – Capturing Lessons Learned and Updating Plans 21 6.1 Description 21 6.2 Debrief after an IROPS Event 21 6.3 Lessons Learned 23 Summary PART 2. Resources 25 Resource A – Topics for IROPS Plan Development 95 Resource B – Model IROPS Contingency Plan Contents Table of Contents vii

129 Resource C – Tools Tool 1 IROPS Planning Process Tool 2 DFW’s Sample for Partnering for Success Tool 3 Responsibilities of the Airport IROPS Contingency Response Committee Tool 4 Questions for Initial IROPS Committee Meeting Tool 5 Implementation Checklist for Evaluating IROPS Plans Tool 6 Self-Assessment Questionnaire Tool 7 Example Resource Inventory Checklist Tool 8 Concessions Checklist for Snow and Hurricane Events Tool 9 Airport-Airline 24/7 Contact and Capability Summary Tool 10 Technology Solutions Tool 11 Sample Workshop Agenda Tool 12 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) Checklist Tool 13 Sample Communication Plan Tool 14 Social Media Tool 15 During an Event Tools Tool 16 Diversion Checklist Tool 17 After an Event Debrief 195 Resource D – Sample IROPS Plan 229 Bibliography 235 Appendix A – Contributors to the Focus Groups/Testing Sites 239 Appendix B – Glossary of Terms 243 Appendix C – Acronyms and Abbreviations viii Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning

PA R T 2 PA R T 1 R eso u rce A R eso u rce B R esource C R esource D A p p end ices B ibliography PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF IROPS PLANNING

PA R T 2 PA R T 1 R es o ur ce A R es o ur ce B R es o ur ce C R es o ur ce D A p p en d ic es B ib li o g ra p hy

Part 1 – Fundamentals – How To Use This Guidebook xi HOW TO USE THIS GUIDEBOOK This guidebook has been developed to assist airports in the development of Irregular Operations (IROPS) contingency plans. It is the result of nearly 24 months of research, including surveys, focus groups and case study testing of the draft guidebook. The result is a multi-part document that can be used to develop an IROPS plan and assist an airport in its response to IROPS events when they happen. The guidebook includes several sections (detailed in the following paragraphs) that should be used together to address IROPS planning to support the needs of passengers. The data contained herein should be tailored to meet the specific needs of each airport and their respective aviation service providers. The guidance provided in Part 1 explains the IROPS planning process, while the resources in Part 2 provide the topics, tools, and templates necessary to develop an airport IROPS contingency plan. Part 1 – Fundamentals of IROPS Planning is designed to summarize the importance of IROPS planning and discuss the process that is used for developing a plan and executing it when an IROPS event takes place. This section should be read by all interested parties as it provides the foundation for the understanding of the IROPS planning process. Part 2 – Resources is provided to support the development of an individual IROPS plan for an airport. These resources include several elements that provide additional detail, samples, and tools that can be used to not only develop an IROPS plan, but also implement it when an IROPS event occurs. Resource A – Topics for IROPS Plan Development provides both text and tables to support the completion of the Model Plan (Resource B). Guidance is provided with each of these topics to assist the reader in understanding the questions to be asked and the information to be gathered to develop an IROPS plan. A matrix is included that identifies the various parties to coordinate with when completing each of the topics. Resource B – Model IROPS Contingency Plan contains the text for an IROPS plan. The information collected through the topics in Resource A can be inserted into the Model IROPS Plan and used to generate a draft IROPS plan document. The guidebook user should make revisions to the Model Plan text in order to address specific and unique needs of their individual airport. Resource C – Tools includes checklists, worksheets, and sample agendas that support the development of an IROPS plan and can be used during an IROPS event. These should be tailored by the guidebook user to meet specific airport needs. Resource D – Sample IROPS Plan provides the reader with an example of a completed IROPS plan. This sample illustrates the type of information that should be collected and included when developing an IROPS plan. Bibliography are included that list the numerous resources used to develop the guidebook. Appendix A – Contributors to the Focus Groups/Testing Sites lists contributors who provided valuable insight into the IROPS planning process. Their participation is greatly appreciated by the project team. PA R T 2 PA R T 1 R eso urce A R eso urce B R eso urce C R eso urce D A p p end ices B ib lio g rap hy

xii Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning Appendix B – Glossary of Terms includes definitions of terms used throughout the guidebook. Appendix C – Acronyms and Abbreviations provides a listing of acronyms and abbreviations used throughout the guidebook. PA R T 2 PA R T 1 R es o ur ce A R es o ur ce B R es o ur ce C R es o ur ce D A p p en d ic es B ib li o g ra p hy

Next: Report Contents »
Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning Get This Book
×
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 65: Guidebook for Airport Irregular Operations (IROPS) Contingency Planning is designed to help guide commercial passenger service airports of all sizes to develop, continually evaluate, and update their contingency plans for procedures pertaining to irregular operations (IROPS) that may cause significant disruptions to customers.

This guidebook is designed to assist aviation system partners in enhancing their response to customer care during a broad array of IROPS conditions and includes step-by-step templates for the preparation of contingency plans that include necessary communications, collaboration, and coordination to address customer needs.

Interactive Microsoft Word versions of Resources A, B, and C from the report are also available online.

Resource A - Topics for IROPS Plan Development

Resource B - Model IROPS Contingency Plan

Resource C - Tools

The April 2013 issue of ACRP's Impact on Practice describes how Fort Wayne International Airport (FWA) and Buffalo Niagara International Airport (BNIA) have developed and implemented IROPS plans based on ACRP Report 65.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!